Difference between revisions of "Thornton-Pickard"

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{{British companies}}
 
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The '''Thornton-Pickard''' Manufacturing Company Ltd. was a camera maker based in Altrincham, Cheshire (later to Greater Manchester), UK. It made the famous Ruby and Rubyette hand cameras. The company made its own shutters, for example the patent ''Panoptic'' shutter or the ''Unit'' focal plane shutter. Many Thornton-Pickard cameras were equipped with [[Dallmeyer]] lenses.
 
  
−
From 1880 to 1886 '''John Edward Thornton''' (1865-1940) was in apprenticehip at the renowned printing company George Faulkner & Sons. There he began to invent a new camera (the ''Jubilee'') and the ''Time'' roller blind shutter. In 1886 he founded a trading company that sold cameras and shutters. Among these items were those on which he had received patents. They were produced by others. The ''Jubilee'' for example was made by [[Billcliff]] of Manchester. Already in 1887 Thornton could present a whole palette of products in a Royal Jubilee Exhibition. At the same time he launched his ''Thornton Manufacturing Company'' to take over the production of his shutters and cameras. At the end of the year he already owned 12 patents. He could win engineer and business manager '''Edgar Pickard''' (1862-1897) as partner with whom he relaunched his company as ''Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd.'' in 1888. They focused themselves on the production of [[shutter]]s which were highly in demand, and added the camera model ''Artist'' to their other products. Some years later they moved from Manchester to Altrincham. Until then George Pickard, the father of Edgar Pickard, had to help financially to launch the business. For a while they reduced camera production to making only their newest model, the ''Ruby'' camera, later adding the ''Amber''.  
+
{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/90900361@N08/9946100574/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image=  http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7308/9946100574_8fb498e010_n.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_text= 1916 Advertisement for shutters<br>
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|scan_by= Geoff Harrisson
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|image_rights= wp
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
The '''Thornton-Pickard''' Manufacturing Company Ltd. was a camera maker based in Altrincham, Cheshire (later moving to Greater Manchester), UK. It made the famous Ruby and Rubyette hand cameras and the Imperial stand cameras. The company made shutters, both for inclusion in cameras and as separate units to be mounted on any camera. They could be fittted behind the lens or a push-fit onto the front of a lens.  Shutters included the patented ''Panoptic''  and ''Ruby'' shutters,<ref>[http://www.earlyphotography.co.uk/site/shutterm.html#Ruby Notes on the Ruby focal-plane shutter] at [http://www.earlyphotography.co.uk/index.html ''Early Photography'']</ref> and the ''Unit'' focal plane shutters.<ref>[http://www.earlyphotography.co.uk/site/shutterm.html#Unit%20-%20Whitehead%20and%20Giles Notes on the Unit focal-plane shutter] at ''Early Photography''.</ref> Many Thornton-Pickard cameras were equipped with [[Dallmeyer]] lenses.
 +
<br>''Note:'' many un-named wooden cameras have been mis-identified as Thornton-Pickards because one of their shutters was fitted.
 +
 
 +
==History==
 +
From 1880 to 1886 '''John Edward Thornton''' (1865-1940) was in an apprenticehip at the renowned printing company George Faulkner & Sons. There he began to work on a new camera (the ''Jubilee'') and the ''Time'' roller blind shutter. In 1886 he founded a trading company that sold cameras and shutters. Among these items were those on which he had received patents. They were produced by others. The ''Jubilee'' for example was made by [[Billcliff]] of Manchester. By 1887 Thornton could present a whole palette of products in a Royal Jubilee Exhibition. At the same time he launched his ''Thornton Manufacturing Company'' to take over the production of his shutters and cameras. At the end of that year he held 12 patents. He won engineer and business manager '''Edgar Pickard''' (1862-1897) as a partner with whom he relaunched his company as ''Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd.'' in 1888. They focused on the production of [[shutter]]s which were highly in demand, and added the camera model ''Artist'' to their other products. Some years later they moved from Manchester to Altrincham. Until then George Pickard, the father of Edgar Pickard, had helped financially to launch the business. For a while they reduced camera production to making only their newest model, the ''Ruby'' camera, later adding the ''Amber''.  
  
−
J. E. Thornton's relation to Edgar Pickard was a little bit troublesome. But things came worse for him in March 1897 when Edgar Pickard died at the age of 35. Edgar Pickard's oldest brother George Arthur Pickard (1850-1919), a business manager, took over the leading role at T-P shortly after its relaunch as public limited company. In May of the same year he could announce to the company's shareholders' first general assembly a rapid increase of camera sales. The shutter maker had been successfully transformed into a camera maker. But J. E. Thornton and G. A. Pickard were strongly opposing to each other so that Thornton's leave was announced in an extraordinary general meeting in 1898. G. A. Pickard led the company until his death in 1919.
+
J. E. Thornton's relations with Edgar Pickard were troublesome, however things became worse for the company when Edgar Pickard died in March 1897 at the age of 35. Edgar Pickard's oldest brother George Arthur Pickard (1850-1919), a business manager, took over the leading role at T-P shortly after its relaunch as public limited company. In May that year he could announce to the company's shareholders' first general assembly a rapid increase of camera sales. The shutter maker had been successfully transformed into a camera maker. Nonetheless J. E. Thornton and G. A. Pickard were in frequent disagreement so that Thornton's departure was announced in an extraordinary general meeting in 1898. G. A. Pickard led the company until his death in 1919.
  
−
Thornton's engineering talent wasn't limited to cameras and shutters so that he could make several new attempts in entrepreneurship. One attempt was to build up a film making business. When he had founded his ''Thornton Film Company Ltd.'' he got a patent on a film pack which he called 'Daypack'. [[Rochester Optical Co.]] got interest in that film pack, an interest that resulted in a treaty with Thornton. Since [[Kodak]] took over Rochester Optical Co. in 1903 Thornton received royalties for his patent since that time. He died in 1940.
+
Thornton's engineering talent wasn't limited to cameras and shutters and he made several new attempts in entrepreneurship. One attempt was to build up a film making business. When he had founded his ''Thornton Film Company Ltd.'' he patented a film pack, called 'Daypack'. [[Rochester Optical Co.]] expressed interest in this, which resulted in a treaty with Thornton. After [[Kodak]] took over Rochester Optical Co. in 1903 Thornton continued to receive royalties for the filmpack. He died in 1940.
  
 
Despite of the loss of its two founders the '''Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd. Photographic Apparatus''' flourished under G. A. Pickard, becoming a leading British camera maker. With modern machines it could achieve cost reductions in some areas so that some budget camera models could be offered. For example the ''Imperial'' Triple Extension Camera was sold as the ''17-Shilling-Set''. And the ''Tribune'' was offered for a guinea as camera for beginners. Later a series of cheap snapshot cameras was added: ''Snappa'', ''Clipper,'' and ''Limit''. On the other hand Thornton-Pickard's new flagship series was born: The Ruby Reflex [[SLR]]s.
 
Despite of the loss of its two founders the '''Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd. Photographic Apparatus''' flourished under G. A. Pickard, becoming a leading British camera maker. With modern machines it could achieve cost reductions in some areas so that some budget camera models could be offered. For example the ''Imperial'' Triple Extension Camera was sold as the ''17-Shilling-Set''. And the ''Tribune'' was offered for a guinea as camera for beginners. Later a series of cheap snapshot cameras was added: ''Snappa'', ''Clipper,'' and ''Limit''. On the other hand Thornton-Pickard's new flagship series was born: The Ruby Reflex [[SLR]]s.
  
−
After WWI there was a hopeful restart when worldwar security policies concerning photography ended. After G.A. Pickard's death Arthur Gray Pickard took over the lead. Beside new cameras the company launched the ''Picabrik'' construction kit for children. But the 1920s started with a trade depression that turned the company's hopeful restart into its slow decline. But the company remained as a maker of quality cameras until its end in 1939. A repair service was kept alive until ca. 1960.
+
After the First World War there was a hopeful restart when wartime security policies concerning photography ended. After G.A. Pickard's death Arthur Gray Pickard took over the lead. Besides new cameras the company launched the ''Picabrik'' construction kit for children. However the 1920s started with a trade depression that turned the company's hopeful restart into its slow decline. The company remained as a maker of quality cameras until its end in 1939. A repair service was kept alive until ca. 1960.
−
 
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{{British companies}}
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/90900361@N08/8275894319/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8337/8275894319_4faa315dc0_n.jpg
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|image_align= left
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|image_text= Special Ruby 1/2 plate
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|image_by= Geoff Harrisson
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|image_rights= wp
 +
}}
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/90900361@N08/8409903847/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image=  http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8501/8409903847_4a181113e7_n.jpg
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|image_align= left
 +
|image_text= Imperial whole-plate c.1910
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|image_by= Geoff Harrisson
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|image_rights= wp
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}}
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{{br}}
 +
<!-- The photos are not of a Thornton-Pickard camera
 
== A typical Thornton-Pickard plate camera ==
 
== A typical Thornton-Pickard plate camera ==
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{|class=plainlinks
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{|class=plainlinks align=center
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||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/89864432@N00/4847000125/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4085/4847000125_a7baeda797_m.jpg]
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||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/uwe_kulick/4847000125/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4085/4847000125_a7baeda797_m.jpg]
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||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/89864432@N00/4847000103/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4144/4847000103_ea5be9c9b5_m.jpg]
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||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/uwe_kulick/4847000103/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4144/4847000103_ea5be9c9b5_m.jpg]
−
||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/89864432@N00/4847000123/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4145/4847000123_c921125a69_m.jpg]
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||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/uwe_kulick/4847000123/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4145/4847000123_c921125a69_m.jpg]
−
||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/89864432@N00/4847000099/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4087/4847000099_01be7b0bc7_m.jpg]
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||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/uwe_kulick/4847000099/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4087/4847000099_01be7b0bc7_m.jpg]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan=3|Characteristics: triple extension [[bellows]], Thornton-Pickard rouleau-shutter, nice wood'n brass work, and glass plate holders.
+
| colspan=4 align=center |
−
|-
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{{Flickr_image_caption
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|colspan=3|The sample above has also an exquisite [[Ross Xpres]] lens, one of the legendary [[Great Britain|British]] camera lenses.
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|image_text= Characteristics: triple extension [[bellows]], Thornton-Pickard rouleau-shutter, nice wood'n brass work, and glass plate holders.{{br}}The sample above has also an exquisite [[Ross Xpres]] lens, one of the legendary [[Great Britain|British]] camera lenses.</small>
−
|}
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|image_by= ebayer watchoutbeetleabout
 +
|image_rights= with permission
 +
}}
 +
|} -->
  
 
== Camera list ==
 
== Camera list ==
−
* Thornton
+
=== Thornton ===
−
** Jubilee
+
* Jubilee
−
** Cyclum
+
* Cyclum
−
** Tourist
+
* Tourist
−
* Thornton-Pickard
+
=== Thornton-Pickard===
 
{{Flickr_image
 
{{Flickr_image
 
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/nesster/5692966516/in/pool-camerawiki
 
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/nesster/5692966516/in/pool-camerawiki
 
|image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5144/5692966516_3183427533.jpg
 
|image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5144/5692966516_3183427533.jpg
 
|image_align= right
 
|image_align= right
−
|image_text= 1932 ad for [[Puck Stereo]] and T-P [[SLR]]s
+
|image_text= <small>Advertisement for [[Stereo Puck]], [[Ruby Reflex]], enlargers & [[studio camera|stand camera]]s<br/>in the [[The British Journal Photographic Almanac|BJP Almanac]] for 1932.</small><br/>
−
|image_by= Nesster
+
|scan_by= Nesster
−
|image_rights= with permission
+
|image_rights= public domain UK
 
}}
 
}}
−
** Artist
+
* Artist
−
** Ruby
+
* [[Thornton-Pickard Ruby|Ruby]]
−
** Amber
+
* [[Amber]]
−
** [[Thornton-Pickard Royal Ruby stereo camera|Royal Ruby stereo camera]]
+
* [[Thornton-Pickard Royal Ruby stereo camera|Royal Ruby stereo camera]]
−
** Tribune
+
* Tribune
−
** Imperial Double Extension
+
* [[Thornton-Pickard Imperial|Imperial]] double- or triple-extension
−
** Imperial Triple Extension
+
* [[Thornton-Pickard Imperial#Imperial Focal Plane camera|Imperial Focal Plane]]
−
** Automan
+
* Automan
−
** Totator
+
* Totator
−
** Wafer
+
* Wafer
−
** Weenie
+
* [[Weenie]]
−
** Snappa
+
* [[Snappa (box)|Snappa]]
−
** Clipper
+
* Clipper
−
** Limit
+
* [[Limit]]
−
** Royal Ruby
+
* [[Minim]]
−
** Imperial Perfecta
+
* [[Royal Ruby]]
−
** Nimrod Automan hand camera
+
* Imperial Perfecta
−
** Folding Ruby hand camera
+
* Nimrod Automan hand camera
−
** New Folding Ruby No.2
+
* Folding Ruby hand camera
−
** Focal-Plane Folding Ruby Tropical camera
+
* New Folding Ruby No.2
−
** Stereo Unit Folding Ruby camera
+
* Focal-Plane Folding Ruby Tropical camera
−
** Special Ruby
+
* Stereo Unit Folding Ruby camera
−
** Vest Pocket Minim
+
* Special Ruby
−
** Imperial Pocket No. 2
+
* Imperial Pocket No. 2
−
** Safety Magazine camera
+
* Safety Magazine camera
−
** [[Ruby Reflex]]
+
* [[Ruby Reflex]]
−
** College
+
* College
−
** Praetor
+
* Praetor
−
** Folding Filma
+
 
−
** Special Ruby Reflex (6" x 6" x 8" high body) with countersunk interchangeable lens
+
{{Flickr_image
−
** Type "A" Aero Camera
+
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/90900361@N08/10412990885/in/pool-camerawiki
−
** Type "C" Aero Camera
+
|image=  http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3760/10412990885_2023dbf548.jpg
−
** Type "E" Aero Camera
+
|image_align= right
−
** Mk. III Hythe Gun Camera
+
|image_text= 1920 advertisement<br>
−
** Imperial Portrait Camera
+
|scan_by= Geoff Harrisson
−
* post-WWI
+
|image_rights= wp
−
** Victory Reflex
+
}}
−
** Overseas
+
 
−
** Sports Reflex
+
* [[Filma (Thornton-Pickard)|Filma]] (2¼x3¼ box camera)
−
** All Weather Press Camera
+
* Special Ruby Reflex  
−
** [[Junior Special Reflex]]
+
* Type "A" Aero Camera
−
*** similar to Junior Special Ruby Reflex
+
* Type "C" Aero Camera
−
** Portrait Puck
+
* Type "E" Aero Camera
−
** [[Puck (Box)|Puck box camera]]
+
* [[Mk. III Hythe Camera Gun]]
−
** [[Puck Stereo]]
+
* Imperial Portrait Camera
−
** Rollfilm Ruby
+
* [[Rubyette]]
−
** Rubyette No. 1 Reflex camera
+
* Victory Reflex
 +
* Overseas
 +
* Sports Reflex
 +
* All Weather Press Camera
 +
* [[Junior Special Reflex]] similar to Junior Special Ruby Reflex
 +
* Portrait Puck
 +
* [[Puck (Box)|Puck box camera]]
 +
* [[Stereo Puck]]
 +
* Rollfilm Ruby
 +
* [[Ruby Speed Camera]]
 +
 
 +
==Notes==
 +
<references/>
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
 
In English:
 
In English:
−
* [http://www.msim.org.uk/media/161994/thornton-pickard%20manufacturing%20company.pdf Thornton-Pickard] at Science & Industry Museum Manchester
+
* [http://www.altrinchamheritage.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/The-Thornton-Pickard-Story-Douglas-Rendell-1992.pdf The Thornton-Pickard Story by Douglas Rendell (pdf)] at [http://www.altrinchamheritage.com/ Altrincham Heritage]
 
* [http://www.woodandbrass.co.uk/makers.php?makers_id=55 Thornton-Pickard cameras] on [http://www.woodandbrass.co.uk/index.php Wood & Brass Cameras ] by Eric Evans
 
* [http://www.woodandbrass.co.uk/makers.php?makers_id=55 Thornton-Pickard cameras] on [http://www.woodandbrass.co.uk/index.php Wood & Brass Cameras ] by Eric Evans
 +
* Patents at [http://worldwide.espacenet.com/ Espacenet], the patent search facility of the European Patent Office:
 +
** [https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search?q=pn%3DGB189501924A British Patent 1924] of 1895, ''Improvements in Shutters for Photographic Cameras'', granted to John Thornton and Edgar Pickard, and describing a wooden-bodied, self-capping roller shutter for front-mounting.
 +
<!-- There are plenty more patents held by T-P; I will come back and add more links here when I've selected the most interesting. Dustin McAmera, 29 May '12 -->
  
 
In French:
 
In French:
−
* [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeT_imagettes.php#Thornton Thornton Cameras] at [http://www.collection-appareils.fr Sylvain Halgand's Collection d'Appareils]
+
* [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeT_imagettes.php#Thornton Thornton Cameras] at Sylvain Halgand's [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/carrousel/html/index.php  Collection Appareils]
  
 
== Literature ==
 
== Literature ==
 
* Douglas Rendell: ''The Thornton-Pickard Story'', Prudhoe (Northumberland) 1992
 
* Douglas Rendell: ''The Thornton-Pickard Story'', Prudhoe (Northumberland) 1992
  
 +
[[Category:UK]]
 
[[Category:Camera makers]]
 
[[Category:Camera makers]]
 
[[Category:Shutter makers]]
 
[[Category:Shutter makers]]
 +
[[Category:Thornton-Pickard|*]]

Latest revision as of 08:58, 10 April 2024

9946100574_8fb498e010_n.jpg
1916 Advertisement for shutters
scanned by Geoff Harrisson  (Image rights)

The Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd. was a camera maker based in Altrincham, Cheshire (later moving to Greater Manchester), UK. It made the famous Ruby and Rubyette hand cameras and the Imperial stand cameras. The company made shutters, both for inclusion in cameras and as separate units to be mounted on any camera. They could be fittted behind the lens or a push-fit onto the front of a lens. Shutters included the patented Panoptic and Ruby shutters,[1] and the Unit focal plane shutters.[2] Many Thornton-Pickard cameras were equipped with Dallmeyer lenses.
Note: many un-named wooden cameras have been mis-identified as Thornton-Pickards because one of their shutters was fitted.

History

From 1880 to 1886 John Edward Thornton (1865-1940) was in an apprenticehip at the renowned printing company George Faulkner & Sons. There he began to work on a new camera (the Jubilee) and the Time roller blind shutter. In 1886 he founded a trading company that sold cameras and shutters. Among these items were those on which he had received patents. They were produced by others. The Jubilee for example was made by Billcliff of Manchester. By 1887 Thornton could present a whole palette of products in a Royal Jubilee Exhibition. At the same time he launched his Thornton Manufacturing Company to take over the production of his shutters and cameras. At the end of that year he held 12 patents. He won engineer and business manager Edgar Pickard (1862-1897) as a partner with whom he relaunched his company as Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd. in 1888. They focused on the production of shutters which were highly in demand, and added the camera model Artist to their other products. Some years later they moved from Manchester to Altrincham. Until then George Pickard, the father of Edgar Pickard, had helped financially to launch the business. For a while they reduced camera production to making only their newest model, the Ruby camera, later adding the Amber.

J. E. Thornton's relations with Edgar Pickard were troublesome, however things became worse for the company when Edgar Pickard died in March 1897 at the age of 35. Edgar Pickard's oldest brother George Arthur Pickard (1850-1919), a business manager, took over the leading role at T-P shortly after its relaunch as public limited company. In May that year he could announce to the company's shareholders' first general assembly a rapid increase of camera sales. The shutter maker had been successfully transformed into a camera maker. Nonetheless J. E. Thornton and G. A. Pickard were in frequent disagreement so that Thornton's departure was announced in an extraordinary general meeting in 1898. G. A. Pickard led the company until his death in 1919.

Thornton's engineering talent wasn't limited to cameras and shutters and he made several new attempts in entrepreneurship. One attempt was to build up a film making business. When he had founded his Thornton Film Company Ltd. he patented a film pack, called 'Daypack'. Rochester Optical Co. expressed interest in this, which resulted in a treaty with Thornton. After Kodak took over Rochester Optical Co. in 1903 Thornton continued to receive royalties for the filmpack. He died in 1940.

Despite of the loss of its two founders the Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Company Ltd. Photographic Apparatus flourished under G. A. Pickard, becoming a leading British camera maker. With modern machines it could achieve cost reductions in some areas so that some budget camera models could be offered. For example the Imperial Triple Extension Camera was sold as the 17-Shilling-Set. And the Tribune was offered for a guinea as camera for beginners. Later a series of cheap snapshot cameras was added: Snappa, Clipper, and Limit. On the other hand Thornton-Pickard's new flagship series was born: The Ruby Reflex SLRs.

After the First World War there was a hopeful restart when wartime security policies concerning photography ended. After G.A. Pickard's death Arthur Gray Pickard took over the lead. Besides new cameras the company launched the Picabrik construction kit for children. However the 1920s started with a trade depression that turned the company's hopeful restart into its slow decline. The company remained as a maker of quality cameras until its end in 1939. A repair service was kept alive until ca. 1960.

British companies
Adams & Co. | Agilux | Aldis | APeM | Aptus | Artima | Barnet Ensign | Beard | Beck | Benetfink‎ | Billcliff | Boots | British Ferrotype | Butcher | Chapman | Cooke | Corfield | Coronet | Dallmeyer | Dekko | De Vere | Dixons | Dollond | Elliott | Gandolfi | Gnome | Griffiths | G. Hare | Houghtons | Houghton-Butcher | Hunter | Ilford | Jackson | Johnson | Kentmere | Kershaw-Soho | Kodak Ltd. | Lancaster | Lejeune and Perken | Lizars | London & Paris Optic & Clock Company | Marion | Marlow | Meagher | MPP | Neville | Newman & Guardia | Pearson and Denham | Perken, Son and Company | Perken, Son & Rayment | Photopia | Purma | Reid & Sigrist | Reynolds and Branson | Ross | Ross Ensign | Sanderson | Sands & Hunter | Shackman | Shew | Soho | Standard Cameras Ltd | Taylor-Hobson | Thornton-Pickard | Underwood | United | Watkins | Watson | Wynne's Infallible | Wray
8275894319_4faa315dc0_n.jpg
Special Ruby 1/2 plate
image by Geoff Harrisson (Image rights)
8409903847_4a181113e7_n.jpg
Imperial whole-plate c.1910
image by Geoff Harrisson (Image rights)


Camera list

Thornton

  • Jubilee
  • Cyclum
  • Tourist

Thornton-Pickard

5692966516_3183427533.jpg
Advertisement for Stereo Puck, Ruby Reflex, enlargers & stand cameras
in the BJP Almanac for 1932.
scanned by Nesster  (Image rights)
10412990885_2023dbf548.jpg
1920 advertisement
scanned by Geoff Harrisson  (Image rights)

Notes

  1. ↑ Notes on the Ruby focal-plane shutter at Early Photography
  2. ↑ Notes on the Unit focal-plane shutter at Early Photography.

Links

In English:

In French:

Literature

  • Douglas Rendell: The Thornton-Pickard Story, Prudhoe (Northumberland) 1992
Retrieved from "http://camera-wiki.org/index.php?title=Thornton-Pickard&oldid=230800"