Difference between revisions of "KMZ"

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The predecessor of '''Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod''' (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or '''KMZ''' – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.<ref name="hpr345">{{Template:HPR}} P.345.</ref> It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.<ref name="hpr345" />
 
The predecessor of '''Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod''' (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or '''KMZ''' – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.<ref name="hpr345">{{Template:HPR}} P.345.</ref> It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.<ref name="hpr345" />
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{|class=floatright
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In 1945 KMZ began manufacturing photographic lenses based on specifications obtained from the [[Carl Zeiss]] factory in Jena when it was captured by the Red Army.<!-- source? --> In 1946 the factory began making cameras, starting with the [[Moskva]] folding camera.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1948 it began assembling [[FED]] cameras<ref name="hpr345" /> to offset slow production from the FED factory. A little later it produced cameras termed "FED&ndash;Zorki" by later collectors: cameras engraved both with the name FED and with the KMZ emblem.<ref name="hpr345" /> By 1949 it made some design changes, and thus production of the [[Zorki]] began.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1952, KMZ created an [[SLR]] based on the Zorki, and thus the [[Zenit]] was born.<ref name="hpr346">{{Template:HPR}} P.346.</ref>
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During the following decades KMZ focused on the mass production of existing designs while also expanding into military optoelectronics and other military production. In 1993 it was privatized and became the Krasnogorsky Zavod, SA Zverev (Krasnogorsky Plant, JSC stock company). In 2005 KMZ closed its camera division but continued production of the Horizon panoramic cameras, which were based on military artillery optics. A digital model, the [[Horizon D-L3]], developed jointly with [[Silvestri]], was shown at Photokina in 2010, but does not appear to have been sold. <!--(recently when, and what cameras?) Recently KMZ has restarted selling Zenit cameras.--> Since 2008, the KMZ plant (as much of the former-Soviet optical industry) is part of the '''Shvabe''' holding company, itself owned by Rostec, a state-owned multi-industry corporation. Krasnagorsk's recent activities include development of electro-optical devices for military, aviation, space and remote sensing applications, and analytical devices.<ref name=KMZShvabe>[http://www.shvabe.com/en/about/company/shvabe-krasnogorsk/o-kompanii-kmz/ About the company], in the KMZ pages at [http://www.shvabe.com/en/ Shvabe].</ref> The plant's website includes camera manufacture in its stated activities, but with no details, and it is not clear that cameras are currently made there. The site ''does'' state that production of lenses recommenced in 2012 (the MC Mir-20M 20mm f/3.5, Helios 40-2 85mm f/1.5 and MC APO Telezenitar 135mm f/2.8 are specifically mentioned).<ref name=KMZShvabe/>
 
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{{Flickr_image
 
{{Flickr_image
 
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/50678983@N00/162272498/in/pool-camerawiki
 
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/50678983@N00/162272498/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= http://static.flickr.com/76/162272498_0ec4200098_o.jpg
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|image= http://static.flickr.com/76/162272498_0ec4200098_m.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_align= center
 
|image_text= KMZ logo
 
|image_text= KMZ logo
 
|image_by= Dries van den Elzen
 
|image_by= Dries van den Elzen
 
|image_rights= with permission
 
|image_rights= with permission
 
}}
 
}}
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|-
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|
 +
{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/89853469@N00/51296221126/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51296221126_89d84b7bed_t.jpg
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|image_align= center
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|image_text= KMZ logo
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|image_by= Pablo Coronel
 +
|image_rights= with permission
 +
}}
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|}
 +
 +
__TOC__
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 +
In 1945 KMZ began manufacturing photographic lenses based on specifications obtained from the [[Carl Zeiss]] factory in Jena when it was captured by the Red Army.<!-- source? --> In 1946 the factory began making cameras, starting with the [[Moskva]] folding camera.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1948 it began assembling [[FED]] cameras<ref name="hpr345" /> to offset slow production from the FED factory. A little later it produced cameras termed "FED&ndash;Zorki" by later collectors: cameras engraved both with the name FED and with the KMZ emblem.<ref name="hpr345" /> By 1949 it made some design changes, and thus production of the [[Zorki]] began.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1952, KMZ created an [[SLR]] based on the Zorki, and thus the [[Zenit]] was born.<ref name="hpr346">{{Template:HPR}} P.346.</ref>
 +
 +
During the following decades KMZ focused on the mass production of existing designs while also expanding into military optoelectronics and other military production. In 1993 it was privatized and became the Krasnogorsky Zavod, SA Zverev (Krasnogorsky Plant, JSC stock company). In 2005 KMZ closed its camera division but continued production of the Horizon panoramic cameras, which were based on military artillery optics. A digital model, the [[Horizon D-L3]], developed jointly with [[Silvestri]], was shown at Photokina in 2010, but does not appear to have been sold. <!--(recently when, and what cameras?) Recently KMZ has restarted selling Zenit cameras.--> Since 2008, the KMZ plant (as much of the former-Soviet optical industry) is part of the '''Shvabe''' holding company, itself owned by Rostec, a state-owned multi-industry corporation. Krasnagorsk's recent activities include development of electro-optical devices for military, aviation, space and remote sensing applications, and analytical devices.<ref name=KMZShvabe>[http://www.shvabe.com/en/about/history_more/ About the company], in the KMZ pages at [http://www.shvabe.com/en/ Shvabe].</ref> The plant's website includes camera manufacture in its stated activities, but with no details, and it is not clear that cameras are currently made there. The site ''does'' state that production of lenses recommenced in 2012 (the MC Mir-20M 20mm f/3.5, Helios 40-2 85mm f/1.5 and MC APO Telezenitar 135mm f/2.8 are specifically mentioned).<ref name=KMZShvabe/>  During this time the logo has changed from a trapeza, to a trapeze with a reflecting ray of light and an open arrow, then a closed arrow, and finally a thick ray of light.
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== 35mm cameras ==
 
== 35mm cameras ==
 
{{Flickr_image
 
{{Flickr_image
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* [[Start (SLR)|Start]]
 
* [[Start (SLR)|Start]]
 
* [[Zenit]]
 
* [[Zenit]]
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{{brr}}{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/anteriorechiuso/33294234904/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2830/33294234904_c2ba11b6e3_m_d.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_text=
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|image_by= Diego Santi
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|image_rights= (c)
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}}
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==== reconnaissance camera ====
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*[[Zenit Photosniper]]
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{{brr}}
 
=== Rangefinder ===
 
=== Rangefinder ===
 
{{Flickr_image
 
{{Flickr_image
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=== Panoramic ===
 
=== Panoramic ===
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{{Flickr_image
 
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/16822508@N05/2184012180/in/pool-camerawiki
 
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|image= http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2048/2184012180_c625f0f542_t.jpg
 
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|image_align= right
 
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|image_text= Horizont 35mm Panoramic
 
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|image_by= John Nuttall
 
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|image_rights= creative commons
 
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}}
 
 
* [[FT-2]]
 
* [[FT-2]]
 
* [[Horizont]]
 
* [[Horizont]]
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|image_rights= with permission
 
|image_rights= with permission
 
}}
 
}}
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* Jupiter<ref name="hpr346" />
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* [[Jupiter (lenses)|Jupiter]]<ref name="hpr346" />
 
* Lanthanum
 
* Lanthanum
 
* Leningrad
 
* Leningrad
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* Sputnik
 
* Sputnik
 
* Tahir
 
* Tahir
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* Tair
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* [[Tair-3|Tair]]
 
* Telemar
 
* Telemar
 
* Teletair
 
* Teletair
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* ZM
 
* ZM
 
* Zodiac
 
* Zodiac
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==Accesories==
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{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/89853469@N00/51194398145/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51194398145_155b20103d_q.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_text= KMZ Universal  Viewfinder
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|image_by= Pablo Coronel
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|image_rights= with permission
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}}
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* Universal turret finder (28,35,50,85 and 135mm)
 +
* Filters
 +
* Lens hoods
 +
 +
{{br}}
  
 
== Bibliography ==
 
== Bibliography ==
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* Princelle, Jean-Loup. ''The Authentic Guide to Russian and Soviet Cameras.'' 2nd edition. Hove: Foto Books, 1995. 200 pages. ISBN 1874031630.
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* {{Princelle USSR}}
  
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== References ==
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== Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
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* [http://www.zenit-foto.ru/ KMZ company website] (in Russian)
 
* [http://www.zenit-foto.ru/ KMZ company website] (in Russian)
 
* [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/kmzintro/ Introduction to KMZ] at [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/ Alfred's Camera Page]
 
* [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/kmzintro/ Introduction to KMZ] at [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/ Alfred's Camera Page]
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* [http://photo.even.free.fr/col_app_kmz.php KMZ page] at [http://photo.even.free.fr/ Collection G. Even's site]
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* [http://www.collectiongeven.com/piwigo/index.php?/category/478 KMZ page] at [http://www.collectiongeven.com/piwigo/ Collection G. Even's site] (in French)
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/index-eng.html KMZ R&amp;D Center]
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/index-eng.html KMZ R&amp;D Center]
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* [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeK_imagettes.php#Krasno KMZ cameras and User manuals] at www.collection-appareils.fr
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* [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeK_imagettes.php#Krasno KMZ cameras and User manuals] at www.collection-appareils.fr (in French)
 
* [http://www.ussrphoto.com/Wiki/default.asp?WikiCatID=35&ParentID=4&ContentID=200&Item=KMZ USSRPhoto.com] KMZ wiki page at USSRPhoto.com
 
* [http://www.ussrphoto.com/Wiki/default.asp?WikiCatID=35&ParentID=4&ContentID=200&Item=KMZ USSRPhoto.com] KMZ wiki page at USSRPhoto.com
  

Latest revision as of 12:00, 4 November 2023

The predecessor of Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or KMZ – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.[1] It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.[1] In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.[1]

162272498_0ec4200098_m.jpg
KMZ logo
image by Dries van den Elzen (Image rights)
51296221126_89d84b7bed_t.jpg
KMZ logo
image by Pablo Coronel (Image rights)

In 1945 KMZ began manufacturing photographic lenses based on specifications obtained from the Carl Zeiss factory in Jena when it was captured by the Red Army. In 1946 the factory began making cameras, starting with the Moskva folding camera.[1] In 1948 it began assembling FED cameras[1] to offset slow production from the FED factory. A little later it produced cameras termed "FED–Zorki" by later collectors: cameras engraved both with the name FED and with the KMZ emblem.[1] By 1949 it made some design changes, and thus production of the Zorki began.[1] In 1952, KMZ created an SLR based on the Zorki, and thus the Zenit was born.[2]

During the following decades KMZ focused on the mass production of existing designs while also expanding into military optoelectronics and other military production. In 1993 it was privatized and became the Krasnogorsky Zavod, SA Zverev (Krasnogorsky Plant, JSC stock company). In 2005 KMZ closed its camera division but continued production of the Horizon panoramic cameras, which were based on military artillery optics. A digital model, the Horizon D-L3, developed jointly with Silvestri, was shown at Photokina in 2010, but does not appear to have been sold. Since 2008, the KMZ plant (as much of the former-Soviet optical industry) is part of the Shvabe holding company, itself owned by Rostec, a state-owned multi-industry corporation. Krasnagorsk's recent activities include development of electro-optical devices for military, aviation, space and remote sensing applications, and analytical devices.[3] The plant's website includes camera manufacture in its stated activities, but with no details, and it is not clear that cameras are currently made there. The site does state that production of lenses recommenced in 2012 (the MC Mir-20M 20mm f/3.5, Helios 40-2 85mm f/1.5 and MC APO Telezenitar 135mm f/2.8 are specifically mentioned).[3] During this time the logo has changed from a trapeza, to a trapeze with a reflecting ray of light and an open arrow, then a closed arrow, and finally a thick ray of light.

35mm cameras

409930860_8355f62261_t.jpg
Zenit 3M
image by Marc Vanstraelen (Image rights)

SLR


33294234904_c2ba11b6e3_m_d.jpg
image by Diego Santi (Image rights)

reconnaissance camera


Rangefinder

4833370303_c5c8db3c85_t.jpg
Zorki 2C
image by bottledog (Image rights)

Compact

  • 510, 520, 610, 620

Panoramic

  • FT-2
  • Horizont
  • Horizon 202
  • Horizon 205 pc
  • Horizon S3pro
  • Panofot

Stereo

  • Astra

120 film cameras

162263466_4360ee1e40_t.jpg
Moskva 5
image by Dries van den Elzen (Image rights)

Folding

SLR

Panoramic

Screw-out Lens

  • Yunkor (Юнкор)

Subminiature

Instant

Lenses

KMZ manufactured lenses under a bewildering variety of model names. Because of the way Soviet industry was organised, some of these lenses were also made by other factories at times.[4]

5268893664_050fe5ce9d_t.jpg
Helios 44M-4 58mm f2
image by Brian Eager (Image rights)
3572011293_494c6f31df_t.jpg
Jupiter 3 50mm f1.5
image by Siim Vahur (Image rights)
  • Jupiter[2]
  • Lanthanum
  • Leningrad
  • Maisons
  • Meteor
  • Mercury
  • Minitar
  • Mir (e.g. Mir-1)
  • Orchid
5103350683_40dd895053_t.jpg
Tair 11-a 135mm f2.8
image by Purple Puppy (Image rights)
  • OF-28P (ОФ-28П) f2.8/28mm Panorama
  • Orion
  • Pentar
  • Rubin
  • Roussarie
  • Signal
  • Sputnik
  • Tahir
  • Tair
  • Telemar
  • Teletair
3085999261_1e5ee8af63_t.jpg
Zenitar 16mm f2.8 fisheye
image by mr. Wood (Image rights)
  • Telezenitar
  • Uran
  • Uranium
  • Variogoir
  • Variozenitar
  • Vega
  • Zenitar
  • ZM
  • Zodiac

Accesories

51194398145_155b20103d_q.jpg
KMZ Universal Viewfinder
image by Pablo Coronel (Image rights)
  • Universal turret finder (28,35,50,85 and 135mm)
  • Filters
  • Lens hoods


Bibliography

  • Princelle, Jean Loup (2004), The Authentic Guide to Russian and Soviet Cameras ('Made in USSR'), Le Reve Edition. ISBN 2952252106; or the earlier edition: Hove Foto Books, 2nd edition, 1995. 200 pages. ISBN 1874031630. Paperback.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 HPR. Leica Copies. London: Classic Collection Publications, 1994. ISBN 1-874485-05-4. P.345.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 HPR. Leica Copies. London: Classic Collection Publications, 1994. ISBN 1-874485-05-4. P.346.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 About the company, in the KMZ pages at Shvabe.
  4. ↑ See Alfred Klomp's Camera Pages.

Links

Retrieved from "http://camera-wiki.org/index.php?title=KMZ&oldid=226512"