Difference between revisions of "KMZ"
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The predecessor of '''Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod''' (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or '''KMZ''' – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.<ref name="hpr345">{{Template:HPR}} P.345.</ref> It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.<ref name="hpr345" /> | The predecessor of '''Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod''' (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or '''KMZ''' – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.<ref name="hpr345">{{Template:HPR}} P.345.</ref> It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.<ref name="hpr345" /> | ||
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{{Flickr_image | {{Flickr_image | ||
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/50678983@N00/162272498/in/pool-camerawiki | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/50678983@N00/162272498/in/pool-camerawiki | ||
− | |image= http://static.flickr.com/76/ | + | |image= http://static.flickr.com/76/162272498_0ec4200098_m.jpg |
− | |image_align= | + | |image_align= center |
|image_text= KMZ logo | |image_text= KMZ logo | ||
|image_by= Dries van den Elzen | |image_by= Dries van den Elzen | ||
|image_rights= with permission | |image_rights= with permission | ||
}} | }} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | {{Flickr_image | ||
+ | |image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/89853469@N00/51296221126/in/pool-camerawiki | ||
+ | |image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51296221126_89d84b7bed_t.jpg | ||
+ | |image_align= center | ||
+ | |image_text= KMZ logo | ||
+ | |image_by= Pablo Coronel | ||
+ | |image_rights= with permission | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | __TOC__ | ||
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+ | In 1945 KMZ began manufacturing photographic lenses based on specifications obtained from the [[Carl Zeiss]] factory in Jena when it was captured by the Red Army.<!-- source? --> In 1946 the factory began making cameras, starting with the [[Moskva]] folding camera.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1948 it began assembling [[FED]] cameras<ref name="hpr345" /> to offset slow production from the FED factory. A little later it produced cameras termed "FED–Zorki" by later collectors: cameras engraved both with the name FED and with the KMZ emblem.<ref name="hpr345" /> By 1949 it made some design changes, and thus production of the [[Zorki]] began.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1952, KMZ created an [[SLR]] based on the Zorki, and thus the [[Zenit]] was born.<ref name="hpr346">{{Template:HPR}} P.346.</ref> | ||
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+ | During the following decades KMZ focused on the mass production of existing designs while also expanding into military optoelectronics and other military production. In 1993 it was privatized and became the Krasnogorsky Zavod, SA Zverev (Krasnogorsky Plant, JSC stock company). In 2005 KMZ closed its camera division but continued production of the Horizon panoramic cameras, which were based on military artillery optics. A digital model, the [[Horizon D-L3]], developed jointly with [[Silvestri]], was shown at Photokina in 2010, but does not appear to have been sold. <!--(recently when, and what cameras?) Recently KMZ has restarted selling Zenit cameras.--> Since 2008, the KMZ plant (as much of the former-Soviet optical industry) is part of the '''Shvabe''' holding company, itself owned by Rostec, a state-owned multi-industry corporation. Krasnagorsk's recent activities include development of electro-optical devices for military, aviation, space and remote sensing applications, and analytical devices.<ref name=KMZShvabe>[http://www.shvabe.com/en/about/history_more/ About the company], in the KMZ pages at [http://www.shvabe.com/en/ Shvabe].</ref> The plant's website includes camera manufacture in its stated activities, but with no details, and it is not clear that cameras are currently made there. The site ''does'' state that production of lenses recommenced in 2012 (the MC Mir-20M 20mm f/3.5, Helios 40-2 85mm f/1.5 and MC APO Telezenitar 135mm f/2.8 are specifically mentioned).<ref name=KMZShvabe/> During this time the logo has changed from a trapeza, to a trapeze with a reflecting ray of light and an open arrow, then a closed arrow, and finally a thick ray of light. | ||
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== 35mm cameras == | == 35mm cameras == | ||
{{Flickr_image | {{Flickr_image | ||
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* [[Start (SLR)|Start]] | * [[Start (SLR)|Start]] | ||
* [[Zenit]] | * [[Zenit]] | ||
− | + | {{brr}}{{Flickr_image | |
+ | |image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/anteriorechiuso/33294234904/in/pool-camerawiki | ||
+ | |image= http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2830/33294234904_c2ba11b6e3_m_d.jpg | ||
+ | |image_align= right | ||
+ | |image_text= | ||
+ | |image_by= Diego Santi | ||
+ | |image_rights= (c) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | ==== reconnaissance camera ==== | ||
+ | *[[Zenit Photosniper]] | ||
+ | {{brr}} | ||
=== Rangefinder === | === Rangefinder === | ||
{{Flickr_image | {{Flickr_image | ||
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=== Panoramic === | === Panoramic === | ||
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* [[FT-2]] | * [[FT-2]] | ||
* [[Horizont]] | * [[Horizont]] | ||
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|image_rights= with permission | |image_rights= with permission | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | === | + | === Folding === |
* the [[Moskva]] series | * the [[Moskva]] series | ||
* the [[Iskra]] series | * the [[Iskra]] series | ||
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* Saljut<ref name="hpr345" /> | * Saljut<ref name="hpr345" /> | ||
− | ==Panoramic== | + | ===Panoramic=== |
− | *[[Horizont-205PC]] | + | *[[Horizont-205PC]] |
− | === Screw- | + | === Screw-out Lens === |
* Yunkor (Юнкор) | * Yunkor (Юнкор) | ||
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|image_rights= with permission | |image_rights= with permission | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | * Jupiter<ref name="hpr346" /> | + | * [[Jupiter (lenses)|Jupiter]]<ref name="hpr346" /> |
* Lanthanum | * Lanthanum | ||
* Leningrad | * Leningrad | ||
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* Sputnik | * Sputnik | ||
* Tahir | * Tahir | ||
− | * Tair | + | * [[Tair-3|Tair]] |
* Telemar | * Telemar | ||
* Teletair | * Teletair | ||
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* ZM | * ZM | ||
* Zodiac | * Zodiac | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Accesories== | ||
+ | {{Flickr_image | ||
+ | |image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/89853469@N00/51194398145/in/pool-camerawiki | ||
+ | |image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51194398145_155b20103d_q.jpg | ||
+ | |image_align= right | ||
+ | |image_text= KMZ Universal Viewfinder | ||
+ | |image_by= Pablo Coronel | ||
+ | |image_rights= with permission | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | * Universal turret finder (28,35,50,85 and 135mm) | ||
+ | * Filters | ||
+ | * Lens hoods | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{br}} | ||
== Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
− | * Princelle | + | * {{Princelle USSR}} |
− | == | + | == Notes== |
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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* [http://www.zenit-foto.ru/ KMZ company website] (in Russian) | * [http://www.zenit-foto.ru/ KMZ company website] (in Russian) | ||
* [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/kmzintro/ Introduction to KMZ] at [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/ Alfred's Camera Page] | * [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/kmzintro/ Introduction to KMZ] at [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/ Alfred's Camera Page] | ||
− | * [http:// | + | * [http://www.collectiongeven.com/piwigo/index.php?/category/478 KMZ page] at [http://www.collectiongeven.com/piwigo/ Collection G. Even's site] (in French) |
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/index-eng.html KMZ R&D Center] | * [http://www.zenitcamera.com/index-eng.html KMZ R&D Center] | ||
− | * [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeK_imagettes.php#Krasno KMZ cameras and User manuals] at www.collection-appareils.fr | + | * [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeK_imagettes.php#Krasno KMZ cameras and User manuals] at www.collection-appareils.fr (in French) |
* [http://www.ussrphoto.com/Wiki/default.asp?WikiCatID=35&ParentID=4&ContentID=200&Item=KMZ USSRPhoto.com] KMZ wiki page at USSRPhoto.com | * [http://www.ussrphoto.com/Wiki/default.asp?WikiCatID=35&ParentID=4&ContentID=200&Item=KMZ USSRPhoto.com] KMZ wiki page at USSRPhoto.com | ||
Latest revision as of 12:00, 4 November 2023
The predecessor of Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or KMZ – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.[1] It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.[1] In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.[1]
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Contents
In 1945 KMZ began manufacturing photographic lenses based on specifications obtained from the Carl Zeiss factory in Jena when it was captured by the Red Army. In 1946 the factory began making cameras, starting with the Moskva folding camera.[1] In 1948 it began assembling FED cameras[1] to offset slow production from the FED factory. A little later it produced cameras termed "FED–Zorki" by later collectors: cameras engraved both with the name FED and with the KMZ emblem.[1] By 1949 it made some design changes, and thus production of the Zorki began.[1] In 1952, KMZ created an SLR based on the Zorki, and thus the Zenit was born.[2]
During the following decades KMZ focused on the mass production of existing designs while also expanding into military optoelectronics and other military production. In 1993 it was privatized and became the Krasnogorsky Zavod, SA Zverev (Krasnogorsky Plant, JSC stock company). In 2005 KMZ closed its camera division but continued production of the Horizon panoramic cameras, which were based on military artillery optics. A digital model, the Horizon D-L3, developed jointly with Silvestri, was shown at Photokina in 2010, but does not appear to have been sold. Since 2008, the KMZ plant (as much of the former-Soviet optical industry) is part of the Shvabe holding company, itself owned by Rostec, a state-owned multi-industry corporation. Krasnagorsk's recent activities include development of electro-optical devices for military, aviation, space and remote sensing applications, and analytical devices.[3] The plant's website includes camera manufacture in its stated activities, but with no details, and it is not clear that cameras are currently made there. The site does state that production of lenses recommenced in 2012 (the MC Mir-20M 20mm f/3.5, Helios 40-2 85mm f/1.5 and MC APO Telezenitar 135mm f/2.8 are specifically mentioned).[3] During this time the logo has changed from a trapeza, to a trapeze with a reflecting ray of light and an open arrow, then a closed arrow, and finally a thick ray of light.
35mm cameras
Zenit 3M image by Marc Vanstraelen (Image rights) |
SLR
image by Diego Santi (Image rights) |
reconnaissance camera
Rangefinder
Zorki 2C image by bottledog (Image rights) |
Compact
- 510, 520, 610, 620
Panoramic
Stereo
- Astra
120 film cameras
Moskva 5 image by Dries van den Elzen (Image rights) |
Folding
SLR
- Saljut[1]
Panoramic
Screw-out Lens
- Yunkor (Юнкор)
Subminiature
Instant
Lenses
KMZ manufactured lenses under a bewildering variety of model names. Because of the way Soviet industry was organised, some of these lenses were also made by other factories at times.[4]
Helios 44M-4 58mm f2 image by Brian Eager (Image rights) |
Jupiter 3 50mm f1.5 image by Siim Vahur (Image rights) |
Tair 11-a 135mm f2.8 image by Purple Puppy (Image rights) |
- OF-28P (ОФ-28П) f2.8/28mm Panorama
- Orion
- Pentar
- Rubin
- Roussarie
- Signal
- Sputnik
- Tahir
- Tair
- Telemar
- Teletair
Zenitar 16mm f2.8 fisheye image by mr. Wood (Image rights) |
- Telezenitar
- Uran
- Uranium
- Variogoir
- Variozenitar
- Vega
- Zenitar
- ZM
- Zodiac
Accesories
KMZ Universal Viewfinder image by Pablo Coronel (Image rights) |
- Universal turret finder (28,35,50,85 and 135mm)
- Filters
- Lens hoods
Bibliography
- Princelle, Jean Loup (2004), The Authentic Guide to Russian and Soviet Cameras ('Made in USSR'), Le Reve Edition. ISBN 2952252106; or the earlier edition: Hove Foto Books, 2nd edition, 1995. 200 pages. ISBN 1874031630. Paperback.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 HPR. Leica Copies. London: Classic Collection Publications, 1994. ISBN 1-874485-05-4. P.345.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 HPR. Leica Copies. London: Classic Collection Publications, 1994. ISBN 1-874485-05-4. P.346.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 About the company, in the KMZ pages at Shvabe.
- ↑ See Alfred Klomp's Camera Pages.
Links
- KMZ company website (in Russian)
- Introduction to KMZ at Alfred's Camera Page
- KMZ page at Collection G. Even's site (in French)
- KMZ R&D Center
- KMZ cameras and User manuals at www.collection-appareils.fr (in French)
- USSRPhoto.com KMZ wiki page at USSRPhoto.com