Ramera

The Ramera (ラメラ) is a fancy combination of a transistor radio and a 16mm camera, made by Kowa in 1959–60. It was also distributed by Bell International Corp. under the name Bell Kamra. The camera part was sold alone in limited quantities as the Bell 16.

Both the Ramera and Bell Kamra are alternatively named "Model KTC-62", where "KTC" certainly stands for Kowa Transistor Camera. This name is in line with the "KT" model names used for other Kowa transistor radios.

Context

The idea of combining a radio and a camera was made possible by the emergence of pocket transistor radios in the 1950s. It was first done in 1959 by Kowa, both a radio maker and a camera maker. (This was four years after the release of the first Japanese transistor radio by Tōkyō Tsūshin Kōgyō, predecessor of Sony.) Kowa had no previous experience of subminiature cameras and decided to use the Minolta 16 cassette system for the camera part, which was disproportionately smaller than the transistor radio. In 1963, Minolta revived the idea with the Sonocon 16, based on the Minolta 16 and integrating a miniaturized radio component in a much smaller package.

Description of the camera alone

The Bell 16 is the camera part of the Ramera. It is rarely found alone, and the only example observed so far is pictured in Sugiyama.

The camera takes twenty 10×14mm pictures on 16mm film in Minolta 16 cassettes. When sold alone, it has the shape of a matchbox, with the lens on the larger side and satin metal finish overall. The viewfinder is at the bottom right, as seen by the photographer holding the camera horizontally.

The film is advanced and the shutter is cocked by pulling a bar on the right, next to the shutter release. The exposure counter is visible in a small window next to the viewfinder eyepiece — it displays a red dot when the shutter is cocked, and the number of exposures after a picture has been taken. There are two dials at the top, near the front edge, controlling the aperture on the left (from 3.5 to 11) and the shutter speed on the right (B, 50, 100, 200). The rest of the top plate is hinged to the left for film loading, and is opened by a button next to the shutter release. The camera is synchronized for flash, via a PC connection on the front plate.

The lens is a fixed-focus Prominar 25mm f/3.5, made of three elements. On the Bell 16, it is surrounded by a round plate inscribed 1:3.5 f=25mm and 16 Bell.

Combined radio and camera

The Ramera and Bell Kamra contain the camera described above, stripped of its metal casing, combined with a transistor radio inside in a plastic shell. The camera part is inserted at the right end of the item, and is oriented vertically, with the release button at the bottom right and the film loading door at the right end, as seen from the rear. The lens is surrounded by a rectangular metal plate inscribed ramera KOWA or BELL kamra in red and white, and Prominar 1:3.5 f=23mm.

The radio part was made by Kowa itself, which was offering a range of transistor radios at the time. There is a large round loudspeaker on the front face, a tune dial, a volume dial and an earphone socket on the left face, and a tripod thread on the underside.

The rear part of the plastic shell is removable, giving access to the radio internals to change the 9V battery, and revealing part of the camera's mechanism. The radio's specifications are reported on a sticker inside: 6 TRANSISTOR / FREQ. RANGE 535–1605KC / OUTPUT 70mW / BATTERY 006P. The electrical scheme is sometimes displayed on another sticker. One of the electrical components is sometimes inscribed KOWA, and sometimes has a sticker with the radio's serial number.

The Ramera and Bell Kamra exist in four different colours: red, blue, ivory and black. The front and rear half of the plastic casing is usually of a different colour. The following patterns are confirmed:

front	rear	names
black	white	Bell Kamra / Ramera
blue	white	Bell Kamra / Ramera
red	white	Bell Kamra / Ramera
white	black	Bell Kamra / Ramera
white	red	Bell Kamra / Ramera

The device was normally sold in a red cardboard box, inscribed ramera KOWA and MODEL KTC-62, or BELL kamra and MODEL KTC-62 MADE IN JAPAN. It contains the radio camera, an ever-ready case, an earphone and its own pouch, a strap, a transparent plastic lens cap, and the user manual. The colour of the main case, strap and earphone case matches that of the front casing.

Commercial life

The Ramera was announced in Camera Mainichi in April 1959, and was featured in other Japanese magazines from July onwards. It was advertised in Japan for a brief period, from November 1959 to March 1950, at the price of ¥12,800. It seems that the bulk of the production was directed to the export market. The Bell Kamra and Bell 16 were certainly distributed by Bell International in the US only.

Bibliography

• Asahi Camera (アサヒカメラ) editorial staff. Shōwa 10–40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10–40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935–1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Item 1750.
• Lewis, Gordon, ed. The History of the Japanese Camera. Rochester, N.Y.: George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography & Film, 1991. ISBN 0-935398-17-1 (paper), 0-935398-16-3 (hard). P.103.
• McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). Pp.123 and 548.
• Pritchard, Michael and St. Denny, Douglas. Spy Cameras — A century of detective and subminiature cameras. London: Classic Collection Publications, 1993. ISBN 1-874485-00-3. P.119.
• Sugiyama, Kōichi (杉山浩一); Naoi, Hiroaki (直井浩明); Bullock, John R. The Collector's Guide to Japanese Cameras. 国産カメラ図鑑 (Kokusan kamera zukan). Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1985. ISBN 4-257-03187-5. Items 5015–6 and 5119.
• Tanimura Yoshihiko (谷村吉彦). "Kōwa kamera no subete: 16mm kamera oyobi besuto-firumu kamera" (コーワカメラのすべて・16mmおよびベストフィルムカメラ, All of Kowa cameras: 16mm and Vest film cameras). Kamera Rebyū: Kurashikku Kamera Senka (カメラレビュー クラシックカメラ専科) / Camera Review: All about Historical Cameras no.40, December 1996. Kōwa no subete (特集：R型ライカのすべて, All of Kowa) and Roshia kamera korekushon (ロシアカメラコレクション, Russian camera collection). P.29.

Links

In English:

• Ramera and Bell Kamra at Submin.com; also has English instruction manuals
• Ramera at Fifties Radio (click on the arrows to navigate)
• Ramera at Cameras Downunder
• Ramera, lot no.658 of auction no.11 (26 May 2007) by Westlicht Photographica Auction
• Ramera in Moshe Bar-El's camera collection
• Bell Kamra in the Western Photographic Historical Society website
• Ramera and Bell Kamra among 16mm film cameras at Subclub.org

In Spanish:

• Ramera at DSLR Magazine

In Japanese:

• Ramera and Bell Kamra at Chokkura Pinboke