Difference between revisions of "Vivitar"

From Camera-wiki.org
Jump to: navigation, search
m (→‎Vivitar Other Camera Lenses: linking 28mm mc)
m (→‎Vivitar Other Camera Lenses: added close focus 28mm + RL edition)
Line 281: Line 281:
 
* Vivitar Preset Wide 28mm f/2.8
 
* Vivitar Preset Wide 28mm f/2.8
 
* Vivitar Auto Wide Angle 28mm f/2.8
 
* Vivitar Auto Wide Angle 28mm f/2.8
 +
* Vivitar 28mm f/2.8 MC Close Focus Wide Angle, 49mm filter size (also in RL edition)
 
* [[Vivitar 28mm f/2.8 MC Wide Angle]], 49mm filter size
 
* [[Vivitar 28mm f/2.8 MC Wide Angle]], 49mm filter size
 
* Vivitar Auto Wide 28mm f/2.8 (at least 3 variants)
 
* Vivitar Auto Wide 28mm f/2.8 (at least 3 variants)

Revision as of 03:48, 7 September 2011

2286175142_fe81b5d7fa.jpg
Vivitar, perhaps best known as a lens brand
image by Chris Lilley (Image rights)


Vivitar is an American distributor of photographic equipment.

History


5583619084_6fb4b866b7.jpg
Ponder & Best ad, Jun 1946
scan courtesy Voxphoto (Image rights)


Originally founded as Ponder & Best, Inc., the company was established in Los Angeles in 1938 as a distributor of photographic products by the German immigrants Max Ponder (b. 18 Dec 1907, d. Jan 1969[1]) and John Best.[2] Ponder and Best fled to LA from Germany after Hitler rose to power.[3] The pair started out selling photographic equipment from the trunk of their car. Ponder acted as the saleman and Best wrote invoices from the back seat as Ponder retrieved the merchandise from the trunk.[4]

Initially, Ponder & Best pursued relationships with major camera equipment manufacturers, becoming the United States distributor for companies in Japan and Germany. But after losing Rollei and Olympus distribution rights, Ponder & Best decided to come up with their own brand and rebadge the equipment they sold.[5] They chose Vivitar as their brand name. The badging of Ponder & Best lenses evolved over time: their earliest lenses bear the label "P & B Vivitar". A small number of lenses were labelled "Vivitar Professional" and finally they settled on just "Vivitar" for the majority of their products.

From the late 1960s through 1970s, Vivitar's success was largely due to their strategy of providing high quality lenses for SLR cameras at prices lower than the major camera manufacturers.[6] By selling lenses in higher volumes, Vivitar believed they could match the quality of the camera maker's lenses at lower cost.

In the mid 1970s, Vivitar decided on a new strategy. Up until now, they had selected lenses designed and built by other manufacturers and rebadged them as Vivitar lenses. Now they set out to create designs for high-quality lenses to their own specifications. They would still outsource the manufacture of the lenses to other companies but the designs were commissioned by Vivitar. These new lenses were badged as Vivitar Series 1 lenses. Vivitar relied on the American company Opcon Associates of Standford, CT for the initial Series 1 lens designs. Founder and chief designer at Opcon was Ellis Betensky, who had previously worked for Perkin-Elmer on projects such as the Sky Lab Zoom Telescope. Due to Betensky's associations with Perkin-Elmer, Opcon was able to access the latest computer technology for use in the Series 1 design work, leading to highly complex optical designs unlike any previous zoom lenses. Betensky originated the idea of altering the air space between lens elements as the focus changed, resulting in close focusing capabilities that far exceed other lens designs of the era.[7]

The corporate name was changed to Vivitar Corp. in 1979 based on the success of its leading brand name.[2] Over the years, Vivitar became a multinational manufacturing and marketing company with subsidiaries in Japan, West Germany, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland.[2].

In 1985, Vivitar was purchased by Australian company, Hanimex Group, a subsidiary of Australian real estate developer, Chase Group. The year before Hanimex took over, Vivitar lost five million US dollars. The year after the takeover Vivitar experienced a four million dollar profit. By 1988 Vivitar has reached 100 million US dollars in annual sales.[8]

In the late 1980s Vivitar introduced self-contained, battery-powered auto-focus lenses. These were fixed mount lenses designed for conventional, non-autofocus SLRs. Mounts available included Canon FD, Pentax K, Nikon AI-S, and others. There were both Vivitar and Vivitar Series 1 branded auto-focus units. The concept was later abandoned, making these lenses relatively rare.

A real estate slump in the late 1980s forced Chase Group to sell several of its business. Vivitar and Hanimex were sold to UK-Based Gestetner PLC (itself owned by Ricoh) in early 1990. In March of 1990, John Bourne was named president of Vivitar.[9] After Gestetner took over, Vivitar shifted it's focus from high-end lenses and flashes, to hand-held, point-and-shoot cameras.[10]

In 1993, Concord Camera Corp, a manufacturer of pocket cameras, attempted to buy Vivitar from Gestetner PLC but was unable to finalize the purchase when increasing financial losses prevented them from coming up with the required cash in time. Concord's President, Victor M. Chernick, was president of Vivitar from 1986 through 1989. At this time Vivitar had 120 employees.[11]

The 1994 Northridge earthquake[12] damaged Vivitar's primary facilities in the San Fernando Valley and caused the loss of product stock. This is said by some to be responsible for the final demise of the Vivitar Series 1 lenses, which were already suffering a decline in sales due to Gestetner's new focus on selling point-and-shoot cameras and Vivitar's decision not to pursue auto-focus technology.[13] Vivitar subsequently moved to Thousand Oak, CA.[14]

On September 30, 1996, Plaza Create Co Ltd of Japan, acquired Vivitar Inc. from Gestetner PLC. In January 1997, President and CEO of Vivitar, Alex Wijnen, announced the company would be split into two divisions: the Photographics and Optics Division, and the Electronics and Digital Imaging Division.[15]

On February 24, 1998 Douglas E. Howe was named president of Vivitar.[16]

The company was bought on November 21, 2006 by Syntax-Brillian Corp.[17] Two years later, on July 8, 2008, after Syntax-Brillian filed for bankruptcy. Sakar International acquired the Vivitar brand and intellectual property on August 21, 2008. The deal did not include Vivitar's equipment or facilities.[18] After the sale, Vivitar's assets and product stock were liquidated in a massive online auction that included more than 13,000 digital cameras, camcorders, and other photographic gear.[19] The online auction ended Vivitar's existence as a company after 70 years (1938-2008). The brand name lives on, however, and continues to be used for marketing photographic equipment.

See also: Vivitar serial numbers

Film Cameras

4721956066_e19c6c9931_m.jpg
Vivitar SLR manufactured by Cosina
image by Aldo Rafael Altamirano (Image rights)
3449786729_6219eaf873_m.jpg
Vivitar CV35
image by John Kratz (Image rights)
289814242_51c67cf347_m.jpg
Vivitar A35 Splash Proof
image by Steve Harwood (Image rights)
4885803126_66b328d31b_m.jpg
Vivitar 35EF
image by xjx1998 (Image rights)
3686122275_79244e8f98_m.jpg
Vivitar Point 'N Shoot
image by Kenneth Dwain Harrelson (Image rights)
5515741928_0601216e88_m.jpg
PN2011
image by Tony Kemplen (Image rights)

P&B Lenses

  • P&B Anastigmat 50mm f/3.5 enlarging lens
  • P&B Anastigmat 75mm f/3.5 enlarging lens
  • P&B Anastigmat 150mm f/4.5 enlarging lens

P&B Vivitar Lenses

  • P&B Vivitar 35mm f/2.8, T-Mount
  • P&B Tele Vivitar 135mm f/3.5, Exakta/Topcon mount
  • P&B Tele Vivitar 200mm f/3.5, 19 blade iris, Exakta/Topcon mount
  • P&B Vivitar 1.8x Tele Converter Model M-3, Nikon F mount
  • P&B Vivitar Auto 2x Tele Converter Model A-1
  • P&B Vivitar Auto 2x Tele Converter Model 2A-2, Exakta/Topcon mount
  • P&B Vivitar Auto 2x Tele Converter Model 2A-3, Nikon mount
  • P&B Vivitar Auto 3x Tele Converter Model 3A-1, M42 mount

Vivitar Professional Lenses

Vivitar Lenses

Vivitar Enlarging Lenses

  • Vivitar 35mm f/3.5 Anastigmat enlarging lens (marked Made in Japan)
  • Vivitar 50mm f/3.5 Anastigmat enlarging lens (marked Made in Japan)
  • Vivitar 75mm f/3.5 Anastigmat enlarging lens (marked Made in Japan)
  • Vivitar-EL 50mm f/3.5 enlarging lens
  • Vivitar-LU 50mm f/3.5 enlarging lens
  • Vivitar VHE 50mm f/2.8 enlarging lens (made by Schneider)
  • Vivitar VHE 80mm f/5.6 enlarging lens (made by Schneider)
  • Vivitar VHE 100mm f/5.6 enlarging lens (made by Schneider)
  • Vivitar VHE 135mm f/5.6 enlarging lens (made by Schneider)
  • Vivitar VHE 150mm f/5.6 enlarging lens (made by Schneider)

Vivitar Chrome Nose Family of Camera Lenses

Marketed ca 1967. Serial numbers pre-date standardized system that indicates manufacturer but they are believed to have been made by Kino Precision.[20][21]

  • Auto Vivitar 28mm f/2.8 Chrome Nose
  • Auto Vivitar 35mm f/2.8 Chrome Nose
  • Auto Vivitar 135mm f/2.8 Chrome Nose
  • Auto Vivitar 200mm f/3.5 Chrome Nose
  • Auto Vivitar Tele Zoom 85-205mm f/3.8 Chrome Nose, 58mm filter size

Vivitar Bright Band Family of Camera Lenses

Marketed ca 1968. These are a slight cosmetic-only modification of the chrome nose family hardware. Serial numbers indicate this family of lenses was made by Kino Precision.

  • Vivitar Auto Wide 28mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar Auto 35mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar Auto 135mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar Auto 200mm f/3.5
  • Vivitar Tele Zoom 85-205mm f/3.8

Vivitar T-4 Mount Family of Camera Lenses

5262734069_b03b58e388_m.jpg
Vivitar T-4 family, 1969
image by nesster (Image rights)

Marketed ca 1969. T-4 mount adapters for most common camera mounting types were available. This family of lenses is claimed to have only slight cosmetic differences from the T-4 lenses marketed by Soligor around the same time, suggesting they may have been made by the same manufacturer.[22]

Vivitar TX Mount 1st Generation Family of Camera Lenses

5739704796_49d7a0c5c4_m.jpg
Vivitar TX family, 1976
image by nesster (Image rights)

Marketed ca 1976[23][24]

  • Vivitar TX 24mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar TX 28mm f/2.5
  • Vivitar TX 35mm f/2.5
  • Vivitar TX 135mm f/2.5
  • Vivitar TX 200mm f/3.5
  • Vivitar TX 300mm f/5.6
  • Vivitar TX 400mm f/5.6
  • Vivitar TX 75-260mm f/4.5 Zoom, 67mm filter size, stock# 35-3102
  • Vivitar TX 90-230mm f/4.5 Zoom

Vivitar TX Mount 2nd Generation Family of Camera Lenses

Marketed ca 1980 [25][26]

  • Vivitar TX 24mm f/2.8, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 28mm f/2.8 Auto Wide-Angle, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 35mm f/2.8, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 135mm f/2.8, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 200mm f/3.5, 58mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 300mm f/5.6, 58mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 400mm f/5.6, 72mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 35-105mm f/3.5 Close-Focusing Zoom, 72mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 70-150mm f/3.8 Close-Focusing Zoom, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 80-200mm f/4.0 Zoom, 55mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 90-230mm f/4.5 Close-Focusing Zoom, 62mm filter size
  • Vivitar TX 100-300mm f/5.0 Close-Focusing Zoom, 62mm filter size

Vivitar Other Camera Lenses

  • Vivitar MC Auto Wide 17mm f/3.5, 72mm filter size
  • Vivitar 17mm f/3.5, 67mm filter size
  • Vivitar 19mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar Auto Wide-Angle 20mm f/3.8
  • Vivitar 21mm f/3.8, 72mm filter size
  • Vivitar 21mm f/3.8, 67mm filter size
  • Vivitar 24mm f/2.0
  • Vivitar Auto 24mm f/2.8 (at least 3 variants)
  • Vivitar 28mm f/1.9
  • Vivitar 28mm f/2.0 Compact
  • Vivitar 28mm f/2.0 Close Focus
  • Vivitar Preset Wide 28mm f/2.5
  • Vivitar Auto Wide 28mm f/2.5, 67mm filter size
  • Vivitar Auto Wide-Angle 28mm f/2.5, 62mm filter size
  • Vivitar Preset Wide 28mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar Auto Wide Angle 28mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar 28mm f/2.8 MC Close Focus Wide Angle, 49mm filter size (also in RL edition)
  • Vivitar 28mm f/2.8 MC Wide Angle, 49mm filter size
  • Vivitar Auto Wide 28mm f/2.8 (at least 3 variants)
  • Vivitar Auto XV-Zoom 28-50mm f/3.5-4.5
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-70mm f/3.5-4
  • Vivitar 28-70mm f/3.5-4.8 Auto Focus Zoom, 52mm filter size, Pentax K mount
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-70mm f/3.5-5.6
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-70mm f/3.9-4.8
  • Vivitar 28-80mm f/3.5-4.5 Macro Focusing Zoom MC, 62mm filter size (also in RL Edition)
  • Vivitar MC Auto Variable Focusing 28-85mm f/2.8-3.8, 67mm filter size
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-85mm f/3.5-4.5
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-90mm f/2.8-3.5
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-200mm f/3.5-5.3
  • Vivitar Zoom 28-210mm f/3.5-5.3
  • Vivitar 28-210mm f/3.5-5.6 MC Macro Focusing Zoom
  • Vivitar Macro-Zoom 28-210mm f/3.5-5.6
  • Vivitar 35mm f/1.9 Auto Wide-Angle (built by Komine)
  • Vivitar Preset Wide 35mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar 35mm f/2.8 49mm filter size
  • Vivitar 35mm f/2.8 52mm filter size (built by Tokina)
  • Vivitar Preset Wide 35mm f/3.5
  • Vivitar 35-70mm f/2.8-3.8 MC Macro Focusing Zoom, 55mm filter size
  • Vivitar 35-70mm 1:3.5-4.8 Macro Focusing Zoom 52mm
  • Vivitar 35-70mm f/3.5 MC Zoom
  • Vivitar 35-105mm f/3.2-4 MC Macro Focusing Zoom
  • Vivitar 35-105mm f/3.5 Close Range zoom
  • Vivitar 50mm f/1.7
  • Vivitar 50mm f/1.9, 49mm filter size
  • Vivitar 50mm f/2.0, 49mm filter size
  • Vivitar 55mm f/1.2
  • Vivitar 55mm f/1.4
  • Vivitar 55mm f/2.8
  • Vivitar 70-150mm f/3.8 zoom
  • Vivitar 70-210mm f/4-5.6 zoom
  • Vivitar 70-210mm f/4.5 MC Macro Focusing Zoom, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar SMS 70-210mm f/4.5 MC Macro Focusing Zoom, 6 blade iris, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar SMS 70-210mm f/4.5 zoom, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar 75-205mm f/3.5-4.5 zoom (built by Tokina)
  • Vivitar 75-205mm f/3.8 Close Focusing Auto Zoom, 52mm filter size
  • Vivitar 75-205mm f/3.8 Close Focusing Auto Zoom, 58mm filter size (sn 226xxxxx)
  • Vivitar 75-200mm f/4.5 Auto Focus Zoom,
  • Vivitar 75-250mm f/3.8-4.5 zoom
  • Vivitar 75-260mm f4.5 Auto Zoom
  • Vivitar 80-200mm f/4.0 Macro Focusing Zoom MC, 55mm filter size (also in RL Edition)
  • Vivitar 80-200mm f/4.5 Macro Focusing Zoom MC, 55mm filter size (diagonal diamond pattern on focus ring)
  • Vivitar 85mm f/1.8
  • Vivitar 85-205mm f/3.8 zoom
  • Vivitar 85-205mm f/3.8 Close Focusing Auto Zoom, 58mm filter size
  • Vivitar 90mm f/2.5
  • Vivitar Auto 90mm f/2.5 Macro
  • Vivitar Auto 90mm f/2.8 Macro
  • Vivitar 100mm f/3.5 Macro
  • Vivitar Auto Telephoto 100mm f/2.8, 55mm filter size
  • Vivitar 100-300mm f/5.0 Close Focusing Auto Zoom
  • Vivitar 120-600mm f/5.6-8
  • Vivitar 135mm f/2.5
  • Vivitar 135mm f/2.8 Auto Telephoto (built by Komine)
  • Vivitar 135mm f/2.8, 55mm filter size
  • Vivitar 135mm f/2.8 close-focus 1:2 Macro (built by Komine)
  • Vivitar 135mm f/3.5 (built by Komine)
  • Vivitar 180mm f/3.5
  • Vivitar 200mm f/3
  • Vivitar 200mm f/3.5 (at least 4 variants)
  • Vivitar 200mm f/4
  • Vivitar 250mm f/4.5
  • Vivitar 300mm f/5.5
  • Vivitar 300mm f/5.6
  • Vivitar 400mm f/5.6
  • Vivitar 400mm f/6.3
  • Vivitar 500mm f/6.3
  • Vivitar 500mm f/8 Mirror lens Macro Focusing (marked "Made in Korea")
  • Vivitar 2x macro focusing tele converter MC
  • Vivitar Automatic Tele Converter 2x-3 Nikon
  • Vivitar Auto 2x Custom Tele Converter 2x-4 FL-FD
  • Vivitar Auto 2x Custom Tele Converter 2x-5
  • Vivitar Automatic Tele Converter 2x-7
  • Vivitar Automatic Tele Converter 2x-21 Olympus OM
  • Vivitar Auto 3x Custom Tele Converter 3x-7 Konica AR

Vivitar Series I Lenses

Vivitar Series I lenses represent the top-tier products in Vivitar history. Most of these were unusual, original designs subcontracted to a variety of lens manufacturers.

359205269_c16aa03cf9_m.jpg
Vivitar 600mm f8 Solid Catadioptric Lens
image by pointnshoot (Image rights)
  • 19-35mm f/3.5-4.5 (made by Cosina)
  • 24-48mm f/3.8 zoom
  • 28-90mm f/2.8 zoom
  • 28-105mm f/2.8 zoom
  • Vivitar Series 1 35-85mm f/2.8 VMC Auto Variable Focusing
  • 70-210mm f/3.5 zoom
  • 90-180mm f/4.5 Flat Field Macro Zoom
  • 28mm f/1.9
  • 90mm f/2.5 macro with 1:1 optical converter
  • 100-500mm f/5.6-8 Close Focusing Zoom, 67mm filter size
  • 105mm f/2.5 macro 1:1
  • 135mm f/2.3
  • 200mm f/3
  • Vivitar Series 1 200mm f/3.5 Auto Focus Telephoto, introduced 1988
  • 400mm f/4.5 mirror lens
  • 450mm f/4.5 mirror lens
  • 600mm f/8 Solid Cat mirror lens (Perkin-Elmer mfg.)
  • 800mm f/11 Solid Cat mirror lens (Perkin-Elmer mfg.)
  • Vivitar Series 1 Commemorative Lens Set (rare) - A special set of two lenses made to mark Vivitar's 50th anniversary (1938-1988). The set included special polished brash versions of the Series 1 28-105mm f/2.8 zoom and 70-210mm f/3.5 zoom. Each lens included a lens cap with the Vivitar Series 1 logo in gold. A wooden case was included. Only 50 commemorative sets were made. The lenses in each set are numbered. They were never sold to the public but given to Vivitar officials and select dealers.

Flash Units

367782630_7870bda4eb_m.jpg
Vivitar 283 Flash
image by Martin Taylor (Image rights)
  • Vivitar 102 Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 151 Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 152 Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 181 Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 192 Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 200 Auto Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 202 Auto Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 215 Auto Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 225 Auto Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 252 Auto Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 253 Auto Electronic Flash
  • Vivitar 265 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 271 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 272 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 273 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 281 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 283 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 285 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 285HV Auto Zoom Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 292 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 365 Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 530 FD Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 550 FD N Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 550 FD C/R Auto Thyristor Flash
  • Vivitar 626AF Ni Auto Focus Illuminator Flash
  • Vivitar 728 Auto Focus Flashgun


Digital Cameras

  • Vivitar DSC 350
  • Vivitar ViviCam 10
  • Vivitar ViviCam 10b
  • Vivitar ViviCam 20
  • Vivitar ViviCam 2655
  • Vivitar ViviCam 2775
  • Vivitar ViviCam 2795
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3200
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3305
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3315
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3330
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3340
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3345
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3350
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3355
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3500
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3540
  • Vivitar ViviCam 355
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3550
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3555T
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3610
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3615
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3620
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3625
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3630
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3632
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3635
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3640
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3655
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3665
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3675
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3695
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3705
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3715
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3725
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3730
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3735
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3740
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3745
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3746
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3750
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3755
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3765
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3815
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3825
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3826 (aka Vivitar V3826)
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3915
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3930
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3935
  • Vivitar ViviCam 3945s
  • Vivitar ViviCam 40
  • Vivitar ViviCam 4000
  • Vivitar ViviCam 4100
  • Vivitar ViviCam 5
  • Vivitar ViviCam 50
  • Vivitar ViviCam 55
  • Vivitar ViviCam 60
  • Vivitar Mini Digital Keychain Camera

References

  1. ↑ US Social Security Death Index
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Company outline of the Vivitar UK website (Web Archive version, 31 May 2007).
  3. ↑ Yet Another Buyer Sets its Sights on Vivitar
  4. ↑ Vivitar Clicking Away at 50
  5. ↑ International Marketing: Strategy and Theory, by Sak Onkvisit and John J. Shaw, Page 386
  6. ↑ Vivitar Clicking Away at 50
  7. ↑ Cult Lenses
  8. ↑ Yet Another Buyer Sets its Sights on Vivitar
  9. ↑ [1]
  10. ↑ Yet Another Buyer Sets its Sights on Vivitar
  11. ↑ Yet Another Buyer Sets its Sights on Vivitar
  12. ↑ Wikipedia: 1994 Northridge Earthquake
  13. ↑ MFlenses: Previous Vivitar Techs
  14. ↑ LA Times: The Road to Recovery: Brick by Brick
  15. ↑ Vivitar Splits into 2
  16. ↑ Douglas E. Howe Named President of Vivitar Corp
  17. ↑ Company history of the Syntax-Brillian website (Web Archive version, 22 August 2007).
  18. ↑ News release at the Vivitar website.
  19. ↑ Camera Maker Vivitar in Massive Kit Sell-Off
  20. ↑ Vivitar magazine ad, February 1967
  21. ↑ The Vivitar Chrome Nose Family
  22. ↑ Tested: Vivitar Auto T-4 Lenses, Camera 35, Feb/Mar 1969
  23. ↑ Vivitar Ad, Popular Science magazine, May 1976, Page 43
  24. ↑ Vivitar TX Lens System Ad
  25. ↑ Wolf, John C. The Vivitar Guide ISBN 9780871650658
  26. ↑ Vivitar TX Series lenses: MFLenses

Bibliography

  • Wolf, John C. The Vivitar Guide. ISBN 9780871650658.

Links

In English:

In French:

Retrieved from "http://camera-wiki.org/index.php?title=Vivitar&oldid=115536"