Difference between revisions of "Tessar"
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The design consists of four elements in three groups; the front element is positive, bi-convex (with the rear almost flat), the central a negative bi-concave and, following an aperture, at the rear is a cemented doublet of plano-concave and a bi-convex elements. Though often referred to as a "modified [[Cooke]] triplet", the Tessar is actually a development of Rudolph's 1899 Unar (4 element in 4 groups) lens, itself a development of Rudolph's 1890 Zeiss Anastigmat (4 elements in 2 groups) lens. | The design consists of four elements in three groups; the front element is positive, bi-convex (with the rear almost flat), the central a negative bi-concave and, following an aperture, at the rear is a cemented doublet of plano-concave and a bi-convex elements. Though often referred to as a "modified [[Cooke]] triplet", the Tessar is actually a development of Rudolph's 1899 Unar (4 element in 4 groups) lens, itself a development of Rudolph's 1890 Zeiss Anastigmat (4 elements in 2 groups) lens. | ||
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The original design had a maximum aperture of f/6.3, but the developments in design allowed f/2.8 by 1930. | The original design had a maximum aperture of f/6.3, but the developments in design allowed f/2.8 by 1930. | ||
Revision as of 02:05, 13 September 2008
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| Cross-section of a 50mm f2.8 Tessar (for 35mm, M42 fitting) |
The Tessar is a camera lens designed by Dr. Paul Rudolph, working for the Carl Zeiss Jena company, in 1902. It is normally used as a standard lens, and has been fitted to many millions of cameras.
The design consists of four elements in three groups; the front element is positive, bi-convex (with the rear almost flat), the central a negative bi-concave and, following an aperture, at the rear is a cemented doublet of plano-concave and a bi-convex elements. Though often referred to as a "modified Cooke triplet", the Tessar is actually a development of Rudolph's 1899 Unar (4 element in 4 groups) lens, itself a development of Rudolph's 1890 Zeiss Anastigmat (4 elements in 2 groups) lens.
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| Cut-away diagram of a Tessar |
The original design had a maximum aperture of f/6.3, but the developments in design allowed f/2.8 by 1930.
In addition to production by Carl Zeiss, the Tessar name and design (under license) was used in the production of numerous lenses by Bausch & Lomb (Rochester), Ross (London) and Krauss (Paris).
The Tessar design has been widely copied by nearly all major optics companies.
A very partial list includes:
Agfa Solinar
Asahi/Pentax Macro-Takumar 50mm f/4
Bausch & Lomb Tessar (under license)
Canon 38mm FLP, 50mm f/2.8 and f/3.5 RF lenses, 50mm FL f/3.5
Dallmeyer Dalmac, Perfac, Serrac
Ernemann Ernon
FED/KMZ Industar
Ilex Paragon
Kodak Ektar
Konica Macro-Hexanon AR 55 mm f/3.5
Krauss-Zeiss Tessar (under license)
Leitz Elmar
Mamiya Press lenses - 100mm f/3.5, 127mm f/4.7, 150mm f/5.6
Meyer Primotar
Minolta Rokkor TLR
Minox Minoxar
Nikon 45mm GN Nikkor, El-Nikkor 50mm f/4
Plaubel Anticomar
Rodenstock Ysar, Rogonar
Ross Xtralux
Ross Tessar (under license)
Schneider Xenar, Comparon
Taylor & Hobson Apotal, Ental
Voigtlander Heliostigmat, Skopar
Wollensak Raptar
Yashica Yashinon TLR
Sources
- Rudolf Kingslake, A History of the Photographic Lens, Academic Press, 1989
