Difference between revisions of "Midget"
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''See also the [[Ensign Midget]].'' | ''See also the [[Ensign Midget]].'' | ||
| − | The '''Midget''' (ミゼット) is a Japanese [[subminiature]] camera, distributed by [[Misuzu Shōkai]] from 1937 to the early 1950s. | + | The '''Midget''' (ミゼット) is a Japanese [[subminiature]] camera, distributed by [[Misuzu Shōkai]] from 1937 to the early 1950s. It was initially manufactured by the company [[Jilona|Jilona Shōkai]], named after <u>Na</u>kamura <u>Jirō</u>. ''Jilona'' markings are displayed on most cameras, and this is why these models are often called "Midget Jilona". |
== General description == | == General description == | ||
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|| ''Original Midget, ''Jilona'' markings. Picture courtesy of [http://www.pacificrimcamera.com/ Pacific Rim Camera]. {{with permission}}'' | || ''Original Midget, ''Jilona'' markings. Picture courtesy of [http://www.pacificrimcamera.com/ Pacific Rim Camera]. {{with permission}}'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | The '''original Midget''' | + | The '''original Midget''' is often called "Midget Jilona 1" by today's collectors, but its official designation at the time was simply "Midget" (ミゼット). It has a spring-loaded folding finder at the top, containing a piece of plain transparent glass,<REF> Plain transparent glass: Awano, p.1 of {{CCN}} no.271, and [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> and a small nameplate at the top right. The red window on the back is uncovered and surrounded by a round metal frame. The back latch consists of a small sliding button. The lens has no marking and no diaphragm setting; its aperture is about f/8 or f/11.<REF> About f/8 or f/11: Awano, p.1 of {{CCN}} no.271. The article in {{ACA}} August 1937, reproduced in Awano, p.8 of {{CCN}} no.271, mentions two aperture settings at f/8 and f/11 (絞りはF8とF11位の二種となっていて), but no aperture control is visible on the camera. </REF> It has multiple elements, maybe consisting of a single convex element at the front and an achromat doublet at the rear.<REF> Multiple elements (復玉): article in {{ACA}} August 1937, reproduced in Awano, p.8 of {{CCN}} no.271. Lens scheme: Awano, p.1 of the same magazine. </REF> The shutter has two settings only <u>B</u>ulb and <u>I</u>nstant (about 1/25).<REF> About 1/25: article in {{ACA}} August 1937, reproduced in Awano, p.8 of {{CCN}} no.271. </REF> |
Variations are known in the camera markings. Most cameras have ''Jilona'' under the lens and ''Jilona MIDGET No.1233'' on the nameplate at the top; the same fake serial number 1233 appears on all the examples. Some cameras have a patent number instead: ''PAT. No. 253654'' under the lens and ''PAT'ED MIDGET 253654'' above. It seems that yet other cameras have no inscription at all under the lens.<REF> No inscription under the lens: see picture in [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> There are variations in the advance knob too: most cameras have an arrow engraved, but some have an additional ''Made in Japan'' marking and others have no arrow at all.<REF> Variations pictured in [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> Finally, the body covering exists in various colours; the most common are black and red, but blue and grey models have been observed and a brown version is reported.<REF> Blue and grey: see [http://www.submin.com/17.5mm/collection/midget/midget_jilona_1blue.htm this page] and [http://www.submin.com/17.5mm/collection/midget/midget_jilona_grey.htm this page] at submin.com. Brown: reported in [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> | Variations are known in the camera markings. Most cameras have ''Jilona'' under the lens and ''Jilona MIDGET No.1233'' on the nameplate at the top; the same fake serial number 1233 appears on all the examples. Some cameras have a patent number instead: ''PAT. No. 253654'' under the lens and ''PAT'ED MIDGET 253654'' above. It seems that yet other cameras have no inscription at all under the lens.<REF> No inscription under the lens: see picture in [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> There are variations in the advance knob too: most cameras have an arrow engraved, but some have an additional ''Made in Japan'' marking and others have no arrow at all.<REF> Variations pictured in [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> Finally, the body covering exists in various colours; the most common are black and red, but blue and grey models have been observed and a brown version is reported.<REF> Blue and grey: see [http://www.submin.com/17.5mm/collection/midget/midget_jilona_1blue.htm this page] and [http://www.submin.com/17.5mm/collection/midget/midget_jilona_grey.htm this page] at submin.com. Brown: reported in [http://mycro.jp/midget/jp/original.html this page at Mycro.jp]. </REF> | ||
=== History and documents === | === History and documents === | ||
| − | The Midget was released in Spring 1937. The earliest known advertisement is in {{ACA}} April 1937, where the price is given as {{yen|10|1937}} (one roll of film cost ¥0.25).<REF> Advertisement reproduced in Awano, p.6 of {{CCN}} no.271. This is the earliest advertisement listed in {{Kokusan}}, p.341. </REF> The camera is featured in the August issue of the same magazine, which also has an advertisement showing the revised price of {{yen|11|1937}}, including a purse-shaped leather pooch (蟇口型皮ケース).<REF> Article and advertisement reproduced in Awano, pp.7–8 of {{CCN}} no.271. </REF> | + | The Midget was released in Spring 1937. The earliest known advertisement is in {{ACA}} April 1937, where the price is given as {{yen|10|1937}} (one roll of film cost ¥0.25).<REF> Advertisement reproduced in Awano, p.6 of {{CCN}} no.271. This is the earliest advertisement listed in {{Kokusan}}, p.341. </REF> The camera is featured in the August issue of the same magazine, which also has an advertisement showing the revised price of {{yen|11|1937}}, including a purse-shaped leather pooch (蟇口型皮ケース).<REF> Article and advertisement reproduced in Awano, pp.7–8 of {{CCN}} no.271. </REF> Advertisements in {{ACA}} dated June, August and September 1938 give the higher price of {{yen|13.50|1938}}, and list a growing number of accessories (see below).<REF> Advertisements reproduced in Awano, pp.8–9 of {{CCN}} no.272. </REF> |
| − | All the advertisements were placed by the distributor [[Misuzu Shōkai]], but the camera was actually manufactured by [[Jilona|Jilona Shōkai]].<REF name="Showa-ki 08/1938"> "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", August 1938. </REF> | + | All the advertisements were placed by the distributor [[Misuzu Shōkai]], but the camera was actually manufactured by [[Jilona|Jilona Shōkai]].<REF name="Showa-ki 08/1938"> "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", August 1938. </REF> This company was named after Nakamura Jirō (中村次郎), certainly the inventor of the Midget concept: "Jilo" is an alternative spelling for the first name Jirō, and "na" is for Nakamura. [[Jilona|Jilona Shōkai]] was not ruled by Nakamura but by Shibuya Takashige (渋谷高重), who fired Nakamura in August 1938 and announced that he would establish a contract with [[Ōmiya]], regardless of the agreement already tying the company to [[Misuzu Shōkai]].<REF name="Showa-ki 08/1938" /> As a result of these tensions, Jilona piled up a stock of 3,000 unsold cameras.<REF> "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", September 1938. </REF> (The advertisement in {{ACA}} October 1938 gives no price for the Midget camera, perhaps reflecting these events.)<REF> Advertisement reproduced in Awano, p.9 of {{CCN}} no.272. </REF> In October, Mr Imamoto of Kyoto bought Jilona's stocks; he later tried to sue [[Misuzu Shōkai]], presumably disputing the exclusivity on the distribution of the Midget, but the court persuaded him to reach an agreement with the company in March 1939.<REF> "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", October 1938 and March 1939. </REF> |
| − | After these troubles, [[Misuzu Shōkai]] became the camera's sole distributor again, and the eventual fate of | + | After these troubles, [[Misuzu Shōkai]] became the camera's sole distributor again, and the eventual fate of [[Jilona|Jilona Shōkai]] and his head officer Shibuya Takashige is unknown. ''Jilona'' markings continued to appear on the camera for some time, and Nakamura Jirō presumably continued to play a role in its development. |
| + | |||
| + | The advertisement in {{ACA}} March 1939 still shows the original Midget for {{yen|13.50|1939}}; this is the last occurrence of the original version.<REF> Advertisement reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.96. This is the last advertisement listed for the original Midget on p.341 of the same source. </REF> | ||
== New Midget == | == New Midget == | ||
Revision as of 13:05, 8 August 2008
|
| New Midget II. (Image rights) |
See also the Ensign Midget.
The Midget (ミゼット) is a Japanese subminiature camera, distributed by Misuzu Shōkai from 1937 to the early 1950s. It was initially manufactured by the company Jilona Shōkai, named after Nakamura Jirō. Jilona markings are displayed on most cameras, and this is why these models are often called "Midget Jilona".
Contents
General description
The Midget takes ten 14×14mm exposures on unperforated 17.5mm film. It was perhaps the first still camera in the world to use this type of film,[1] certainly obtained by slicing 35mm film in two. The same format was soon adopted by the Mycro, another Japanese subminiature and Midget's main competitor; after World War II it was popularized by Tougodo's Hit and a host of similar "Hit-type" cameras.
All the Midget models have the same main body made of pressed metal. The lens and shutter assembly is mounted on a tube at the front, and the release lever is on the shutter casing itself. The lens is fixed-focus and has 25mm focal length. The film is advanced by a knob at the top left, as seen by the photographer. The back is hinged to the left and contains a single red window to control the advance. All the models are identified by the word MIDGET inscribed on the shutter plate, above the lens.
Original model
Description and variations
|
| Original Midget, Jilona markings. Picture courtesy of Pacific Rim Camera. (Image rights) |
The original Midget is often called "Midget Jilona 1" by today's collectors, but its official designation at the time was simply "Midget" (ミゼット). It has a spring-loaded folding finder at the top, containing a piece of plain transparent glass,[2] and a small nameplate at the top right. The red window on the back is uncovered and surrounded by a round metal frame. The back latch consists of a small sliding button. The lens has no marking and no diaphragm setting; its aperture is about f/8 or f/11.[3] It has multiple elements, maybe consisting of a single convex element at the front and an achromat doublet at the rear.[4] The shutter has two settings only Bulb and Instant (about 1/25).[5]
Variations are known in the camera markings. Most cameras have Jilona under the lens and Jilona MIDGET No.1233 on the nameplate at the top; the same fake serial number 1233 appears on all the examples. Some cameras have a patent number instead: PAT. No. 253654 under the lens and PAT'ED MIDGET 253654 above. It seems that yet other cameras have no inscription at all under the lens.[6] There are variations in the advance knob too: most cameras have an arrow engraved, but some have an additional Made in Japan marking and others have no arrow at all.[7] Finally, the body covering exists in various colours; the most common are black and red, but blue and grey models have been observed and a brown version is reported.[8]
History and documents
The Midget was released in Spring 1937. The earliest known advertisement is in Asahi Camera April 1937, where the price is given as ¥10 (one roll of film cost ¥0.25).[9] The camera is featured in the August issue of the same magazine, which also has an advertisement showing the revised price of ¥11, including a purse-shaped leather pooch (蟇口型皮ケース).[10] Advertisements in Asahi Camera dated June, August and September 1938 give the higher price of ¥13.50, and list a growing number of accessories (see below).[11]
All the advertisements were placed by the distributor Misuzu Shōkai, but the camera was actually manufactured by Jilona Shōkai.[12] This company was named after Nakamura Jirō (中村次郎), certainly the inventor of the Midget concept: "Jilo" is an alternative spelling for the first name Jirō, and "na" is for Nakamura. Jilona Shōkai was not ruled by Nakamura but by Shibuya Takashige (渋谷高重), who fired Nakamura in August 1938 and announced that he would establish a contract with Ōmiya, regardless of the agreement already tying the company to Misuzu Shōkai.[12] As a result of these tensions, Jilona piled up a stock of 3,000 unsold cameras.[13] (The advertisement in Asahi Camera October 1938 gives no price for the Midget camera, perhaps reflecting these events.)[14] In October, Mr Imamoto of Kyoto bought Jilona's stocks; he later tried to sue Misuzu Shōkai, presumably disputing the exclusivity on the distribution of the Midget, but the court persuaded him to reach an agreement with the company in March 1939.[15]
After these troubles, Misuzu Shōkai became the camera's sole distributor again, and the eventual fate of Jilona Shōkai and his head officer Shibuya Takashige is unknown. Jilona markings continued to appear on the camera for some time, and Nakamura Jirō presumably continued to play a role in its development.
The advertisement in Asahi Camera March 1939 still shows the original Midget for ¥13.50; this is the last occurrence of the original version.[16]
New Midget
|
| New Midget II in a leaflet by Kankyū Hyakkaten. Click on the image for a translation. (Image rights) |
Notes
- ↑ Awano, p.3 of Camera Collectors' News no.271.
- ↑ Plain transparent glass: Awano, p.1 of Camera Collectors' News no.271, and this page at Mycro.jp.
- ↑ About f/8 or f/11: Awano, p.1 of Camera Collectors' News no.271. The article in Asahi Camera August 1937, reproduced in Awano, p.8 of Camera Collectors' News no.271, mentions two aperture settings at f/8 and f/11 (絞りはF8とF11位の二種となっていて), but no aperture control is visible on the camera.
- ↑ Multiple elements (復玉): article in Asahi Camera August 1937, reproduced in Awano, p.8 of Camera Collectors' News no.271. Lens scheme: Awano, p.1 of the same magazine.
- ↑ About 1/25: article in Asahi Camera August 1937, reproduced in Awano, p.8 of Camera Collectors' News no.271.
- ↑ No inscription under the lens: see picture in this page at Mycro.jp.
- ↑ Variations pictured in this page at Mycro.jp.
- ↑ Blue and grey: see this page and this page at submin.com. Brown: reported in this page at Mycro.jp.
- ↑ Advertisement reproduced in Awano, p.6 of Camera Collectors' News no.271. This is the earliest advertisement listed in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.341.
- ↑ Article and advertisement reproduced in Awano, pp.7–8 of Camera Collectors' News no.271.
- ↑ Advertisements reproduced in Awano, pp.8–9 of Camera Collectors' News no.272.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", August 1938.
- ↑ "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", September 1938.
- ↑ Advertisement reproduced in Awano, p.9 of Camera Collectors' News no.272.
- ↑ "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai", October 1938 and March 1939.
- ↑ Advertisement reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.96. This is the last advertisement listed for the original Midget on p.341 of the same source.
Bibliography
- Asahi Camera (アサヒカメラ) editorial staff. Shōwa 10–40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10–40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935–1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Items 264–6 and 900–2. (See also the picture on p.12.)
- Awano Mikio (粟野幹男). "Mizetto" (ミゼット, Midget). In Camera Collectors' News no.271 (January 2000). Nishinomiya: Camera Collectors News-sha.
- Awano Mikio (粟野幹男). "Nyū Mizetto II-gata to Mizetto no akusesarī" (ニューミゼットⅡ型とミゼットのアクセサリー, New Midget II and Midget accessories). In Camera Collectors' News no.272 (February 2000). Nishinomiya: Camera Collectors News-sha.
- Kankyū Hyakkaten. Leaflet for the New Midget II, Romax, Semi Leotax and Well. Date not indicated. Document reproduced in this Flickr album by Rebollo_fr.
- Lewis, Gordon, ed. The History of the Japanese Camera. Rochester, N.Y.: George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography & Film, 1991. ISBN 0-935398-17-1 (paper), 0-935398-16-3 (hard). P.54.
- McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). P.692.
- "Shōwa-ki no shashin gyōkai" (昭和期の写真業界, Photography business world of the Showa era.) Extract of an article in Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin, reproduced in Awano, p.6 of Camera Collectors' News no.271.
- Sugiyama, Kōichi (杉山浩一); Naoi, Hiroaki (直井浩明); Bullock, John R. The Collector's Guide to Japanese Cameras. 国産カメラ図鑑 (Kokusan kamera zukan). Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1985. ISBN 4-257-03187-5. Items 5003–4 and 5065–6.
Links
In English:
- Midget at Submin.com
- Midget at Subclub.org
- Midget (original) in the PBase camera database
- Midget, lot no.595 of auction no.10 (18 November 2006) by Westlicht Photographica Auction
In Japanese:
