Difference between revisions of "Horizont"

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{{Flickr_image
 
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/16822508@N05/2184012180/in/pool-camerawiki
 
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|image= http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2048/2184012180_c625f0f542.jpg
 
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|image_align= right
 
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|image_text= Horizont with viewfinder
 
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|image_by= John Nuttall
 
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|image_rights= creative commons
 
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The '''Horizont''' is a lineage of swing-lens [[panorama camera|panoramic cameras]] similar in design to the [[Panon]] [[Widelux]] or the later KW [[Noblex]] and a departure from its predecessor, the [[KMZ]] [[FT-2]]. It was produced from 1967-1973 (Horizont, chrome) and again from 1991 onwards (Horizon-202 etc., black plastic).
 
The '''Horizont''' is a lineage of swing-lens [[panorama camera|panoramic cameras]] similar in design to the [[Panon]] [[Widelux]] or the later KW [[Noblex]] and a departure from its predecessor, the [[KMZ]] [[FT-2]]. It was produced from 1967-1973 (Horizont, chrome) and again from 1991 onwards (Horizon-202 etc., black plastic).
  
 
==Horizont (1967-1973)==
 
==Horizont (1967-1973)==
−
 
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" align= "right" style="margin: 0.5em 2em; border-collapse: collapse;"
 +
! colspan="3" | Depth of field table
 +
|-
 +
! | aperture || m || ft
 +
|-
 +
| f/2.8 || 5.5 m - inf. || 16.5 ft - inf.
 +
|-
 +
| f/4 || 3.9 m - inf. || 11.7 ft - inf.
 +
|-
 +
| f/5.6 || 2.9 m - inf. || 8.7 ft - inf.
 +
|-
 +
| f/8 || 2 m - inf. || 6 ft - inf.
 +
|-
 +
| f/11 || 1.5 m - inf. || 4.5 ft - inf.
 +
|-
 +
| f/16 || 1 m - inf. || 3 ft - inf.
 +
|}
 
The '''Horizont''', marked in cyrillic '''Горизонт''' for the home market, is a sturdy and well built Russian [[panorama camera|panoramic camera]], Some 49,849 were made by Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod ([[KMZ]]) from 1967-1973<ref name="Zenit_Production">[http://www.zenitcamera.com/catalog/cameraproduction.html KMZ R&amp;D Center site: Cameras production data]</ref>. The panning ОФ-28П (OF-28P)  28mm f2.8 lens makes 24×58mm frames on [[35mm]] film, giving a 120&deg; view.<ref>The lens serial numbers do not seem consecutive. Observed were for ex sn#5851 on body sn#6703209 (eBay Dec 2011) and [http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6086399613 sn# 3833] on body [http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6000580149  sn#7200984]</ref>
 
The '''Horizont''', marked in cyrillic '''Горизонт''' for the home market, is a sturdy and well built Russian [[panorama camera|panoramic camera]], Some 49,849 were made by Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod ([[KMZ]]) from 1967-1973<ref name="Zenit_Production">[http://www.zenitcamera.com/catalog/cameraproduction.html KMZ R&amp;D Center site: Cameras production data]</ref>. The panning ОФ-28П (OF-28P)  28mm f2.8 lens makes 24×58mm frames on [[35mm]] film, giving a 120&deg; view.<ref>The lens serial numbers do not seem consecutive. Observed were for ex sn#5851 on body sn#6703209 (eBay Dec 2011) and [http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6086399613 sn# 3833] on body [http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6000580149  sn#7200984]</ref>
−
By adjusting the slit width exposure times of 1/30s, 1/60s and 1/125s can be set on the dial at the top plate. An un-calibrated and unmarked 1/250s is also available. In the center of the dial is a film speed reminder dial. A spirit level is located on the left corner of the top plate, which is covered when the detacheable viewfinder is fitted into a vertical shoe on the front. A mirror system allows the user to see the spirit level when looking through the viewfinder.<ref>[http://www.zenitcamera.com/mans/horizon/horizon.html User Manual]</ref>  
+
The camera is a fixed focus design, use depth of field to obtain optimum sharpness. By adjusting the slit width exposure times of 1/30s, 1/60s and 1/125s can be set on the dial at the top plate. An un-calibrated and unmarked 1/250s is also available. In the center of the dial is a film speed reminder dial. A spirit level is located on the left corner of the top plate, which is covered when the detacheable viewfinder is fitted into a vertical shoe on the front. A mirror system allows the user to see the spirit level when looking through the viewfinder.<ref>[http://www.zenitcamera.com/mans/horizon/horizon.html User Manual]</ref>  
 
As with most Soviet cameras of that era, the two first digits in the serial number at the back indicates year of manufacture.  
 
As with most Soviet cameras of that era, the two first digits in the serial number at the back indicates year of manufacture.  
  
−
A complete set also includes a sloping bakelite hand grip to be fitted to the left side if the camera base, and a black leather outfit case. Later variants were supplied with a cyclindrical hand grip and a brown leather case.
+
A complete set also includes a sloping bakelite hand grip to be fitted to the left side of the camera base, and a black leather outfit case. Later variants were supplied with a cyclindrical hand grip and a brown leather case.
  
 
====Variations====
 
====Variations====
 
A number of variants of the Horizont are known, which differ mainly in the badging
 
A number of variants of the Horizont are known, which differ mainly in the badging
 +
{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/hexenmeister2011/52086902331/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52086902331_5ac9304d06_w_d.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_text= Horizont Revue
 +
|image_by=Oğuz Ofluoğlu
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|image_rights=
 +
}}
 
*'''Горизонт''' for the domestic and Eastern Bloc export market. Name plate silver and black
 
*'''Горизонт''' for the domestic and Eastern Bloc export market. Name plate silver and black
 
**Early version with 1/250th shutter speed market. Name plate silver and black. <ref>Some variants are known where the detachable finder also carries a KMZ logo and the serial number; for ex sn# 6704301 (online auction, eBay December 2011)</ref>
 
**Early version with 1/250th shutter speed market. Name plate silver and black. <ref>Some variants are known where the detachable finder also carries a KMZ logo and the serial number; for ex sn# 6704301 (online auction, eBay December 2011)</ref>
 
***Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' engraving on the back.<ref>sn# 6801942; online auction, eBay December 2011</ref>
 
***Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' engraving on the back.<ref>sn# 6801942; online auction, eBay December 2011</ref>
−
***Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' engraving on the bottom.<ref name="SovietCams_H1">[http://www.sovietcams.com/index.php?-2017518783 SovietCams]</ref>
+
***Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' engraving on the bottom.<ref name="SovietCams_H1">[http://www.sovietcams.com/index21fd.html?tmpl_into=middle&tmpl_id=283&_m_e_id=22&_menu_i_id=298 SovietCams]</ref>
−
***Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' and 'Author Certificate' engraving on the bottom.<ref name="SovietCams_H1">[http://www.sovietcams.com/index.php?-2017518783 SovietCams]</ref>
+
***Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' and 'Author Certificate' engraving on the bottom.<ref name="SovietCams_H1"/>
 
**Standard version lacking the 1/250th speed indicator<ref>But the speed could still be obtained, within tolerances.—sn# 6807659; online auction, eBay December 2011</ref>with semi-circular recess for the rewind release button.<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
 
**Standard version lacking the 1/250th speed indicator<ref>But the speed could still be obtained, within tolerances.—sn# 6807659; online auction, eBay December 2011</ref>with semi-circular recess for the rewind release button.<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
 
**Standard version as above, but with circular recess for the rewind release button.<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
 
**Standard version as above, but with circular recess for the rewind release button.<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
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*'''Horizont Revue''', distributed by the German department store [[Foto-Quelle]]) in 1969<ref> [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/gestion_catalogue/images/1299951602.jpg Catalogue Foto-Quelle 1969, p.13] (Sylvain Halgand's site.—The camera is no longer listed in the [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/gestion_catalogue/html/affichage_un_catalogue.php?nom=Foto-Quelle&annee=1972 1972 catalogue]</ref><ref>Observed serial numbers also show 1969 production:  
 
*'''Horizont Revue''', distributed by the German department store [[Foto-Quelle]]) in 1969<ref> [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/gestion_catalogue/images/1299951602.jpg Catalogue Foto-Quelle 1969, p.13] (Sylvain Halgand's site.—The camera is no longer listed in the [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/gestion_catalogue/html/affichage_un_catalogue.php?nom=Foto-Quelle&annee=1972 1972 catalogue]</ref><ref>Observed serial numbers also show 1969 production:  
 
6903353  (eBay 300643842789 Jan 2012);
 
6903353  (eBay 300643842789 Jan 2012);
−
6903500 ([http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=3792196 Christies] 24 November 1994  Auction 6680  Lot 10;  
+
6903500 ([https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-3792196/?intObjectID=3792196 Christies] 24 November 1994  Auction 6680  Lot 10;  
 
6903951 (eBay 370568784949 Dec 2011);
 
6903951 (eBay 370568784949 Dec 2011);
 
.—See also [http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/889028 Auction Breker] 30 April 2005 Lot 732
 
.—See also [http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/889028 Auction Breker] 30 April 2005 Lot 732
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**Variant, just ''REVUE'' on the name plate<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
 
**Variant, just ''REVUE'' on the name plate<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
 
*'''Kalimar Wide-X''', distributed by the the U.S. importer [[Kalimar]]<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
 
*'''Kalimar Wide-X''', distributed by the the U.S. importer [[Kalimar]]<ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
−
*'''Global-H''', distributed  for the Australian Market<ref>[http://www.fotoua.com/1camera.php?usl=2&usl1=6&st=7&rd=4&seek2=0&seek1=0 image] on Futua</ref><ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
+
*'''Global-H''', distributed  for the Australian Market<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141625/http://www.fotoua.com/1camera.php?usl=2&usl1=6&st=7&rd=4&seek2=0&seek1=0 image] on Futua (archived)</ref><ref name="SovietCams_H1" />
  
  
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==Horizon 202  / Horizon Kompakt==
 
==Horizon 202  / Horizon Kompakt==
−
The Horizont / Horizon 202 (Горизонт-202)(1991-2005)  is an updated version with an plastic outer body shell designed by V. Shablevitch<ref name="Klomp">[http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/horizon202/ Alfred Klomp's site]</ref>. The plastic used is an early version of ABS<ref name="ABS" /> which proved to be less scratch-resistant than expected. The camera has a  built-in viewfinder, which is centred on the top-plate. A spirit level is mounted centrally on the view finder and can be seen externally, as well as in the viewfinder itself.
+
The Horizont / Horizon 202 (Горизонт-202)(1991-2005)  is an updated version with an plastic outer body shell designed by V. Shablevitch<ref name="Klomp">[http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/horizon202/ Alfred Klomp's site]</ref>. The plastic used is an early version of ABS<ref name="ABS" /> which proved to be less scratch-resistant than expected. The camera has a  built-in viewfinder, which is centred on the top-plate. A spirit level is mounted centrally on the view finder and can be seen externally, as well as in the viewfinder itself. The film transport uses a advance crank that also cocks the shutter in a single stroke. The shutter and aperture switch levers are based on a click stop design. Shutter speed and aperture should be set only when the shutter is cocked. The film exposure counter is upwards counting and automatically resets when the back is open. The back has a handy slit used to hold a film reminder box tab. The left shoulder of the camera features a film rewind knob that sits atop the shutter speed selection lever. Lift the knob upwards to unlock the film chamber back. When the shutter speed selection lever is pointed towards the white dot the speeds will be fast, if the yellow dot is chosen slower speeds will be used. The tripod screw mount has now been relocated to the centre of the base.
 
A total of 23329 units were produced<ref name="Zenit_Production" />
 
A total of 23329 units were produced<ref name="Zenit_Production" />
  
 
====202 Variants====
 
====202 Variants====
−
*'''Горизонт 202''' Early versions fitted with the ОФ-28П f2.8/28mm, later versions with the coated MC Arsat f2.8/28mm<ref name="SovCams202">[http://www.sovietcams.com/index.php?490655746 Soviet Cams]</ref><ref>[http://kievcamera.net/product.php?id_product=12 Kiev Camera]</ref>
+
*'''Горизонт 202''' Early versions fitted with the ОФ-28П f2.8/28mm, later versions with the coated MC Arsat f2.8/28mm<ref name="SovCams202">[http://www.sovietcams.com/indexcc7e.html?tmpl_into=middle&tmpl_id=356&_m_e_id=22&_menu_i_id=309 Soviet Cams]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114081114/http://kievcamera.net/product.php?id_product=12 Kiev Camera] (archived)</ref>
 
*'''Horizont 202'''. Early versions fitted with the ОФ-28П f2.8/28mm, later versions with the coated MC Arsat f2.8/28mm. Export markings "[Zenit Logo] USSR" on the bottom plate  <ref name="SovCams202" />
 
*'''Horizont 202'''. Early versions fitted with the ОФ-28П f2.8/28mm, later versions with the coated MC Arsat f2.8/28mm. Export markings "[Zenit Logo] USSR" on the bottom plate  <ref name="SovCams202" />
 
*'''Horizon 202'''. Export markings "MADE IN RUSSIA" on the bottom plate  <ref name="SovCams202" />  
 
*'''Horizon 202'''. Export markings "MADE IN RUSSIA" on the bottom plate  <ref name="SovCams202" />  
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====Horizon Kompakt ====
 
====Horizon Kompakt ====
−
The '''Horizon Kompakt'''  (Горизонт-kompakt; Lomo model 950) (2005–?2009) is similar to the Horizon 202, but commonly finished in cream, with a knob advance, while the 202 has lever advance.  
+
The '''Horizon Kompakt'''  (Горизонт-kompakt; Lomo model 950) (2005–?2009) is similar to the Horizon 202, but commonly finished in cream, with a knob advance, while the 202 has lever advance. Other simplifications include the removal of the tripod mounting point, the film tension release rewind button and the hand grip cannot be attached. A cable release cannot be screwed into the shutter release button and there is no spirit level.
 
* Cream model with coloured face logos attached to the turret (known in green ¶¶).  
 
* Cream model with coloured face logos attached to the turret (known in green ¶¶).  
−
* Black model with  Russian text (in green)  'Industar MC 8/2.8"  or with a green face on the turret.<ref>[http://microsites.lomography.com/horizon/kompakt Lomo Site]</ref>
+
* Black model with  Russian text (in green)  'Industar MC 8/2.8"  or with a green face on the turret.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130510083331/http://microsites.lomography.com/horizon/kompakt Lomo Site] (archived)</ref>
  
  
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  |image_rights= with permission
 
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  {{Flickr_image
 
  {{Flickr_image
 
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6086400801/in/pool-camerawiki
 
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6086400801/in/pool-camerawiki
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  |image_rights= with permission
 
  |image_rights= with permission
 
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  {{Flickr_image
 
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  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/3607/3309064306_b92e764b6f_m.jpg
 
  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/3607/3309064306_b92e764b6f_m.jpg
 
  |image_align= center
 
  |image_align= center
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  |image_text= [[KMZ | Zenit]] Horizon Kompakt
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  |image_text= [[KMZ | Zenit]] Horizon Kompakt in Cream
 
  |image_by= Chris Mettraux
 
  |image_by= Chris Mettraux
 
  |image_rights= with permission
 
  |image_rights= with permission
 
  }}
 
  }}
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/axle81401/24999201372/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image=https://live.staticflickr.com/1489/24999201372_52c05cf4a6_m.jpg
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|image_align= center
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|image_text= Horizon Kompakt in black
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|image_by= Alex Luyckx
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|image_rights= nc
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}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Horizon S3==
 
==Horizon S3==
−
The Horizon S3 was developed from the Horizon 202 (and initially called the Horizon 203), by reshaping the exterior, giving a more rounded appearance. The external shell was now made from  ABS plastic which improved resistance to shock and minor damage.<ref name="ABS">[http://microsites.lomography.com/horizon/perfekt Lomo Site].—Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a common thermoplastic. '''Collectors note''' that ABS plastic is damaged by sunlight!</ref> The mechanics were overhauled with the aim of reducing the noise emitted by the gears and the turning turret.<ref>[http://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/horizon/index.html Zenit site]</ref>
+
The Horizon S3 was developed from the Horizon 202 (and initially called the Horizon 203), by reshaping the exterior, giving a more rounded appearance. The external shell was now made from  ABS plastic which improved resistance to shock and minor damage.<ref name="ABS">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130402195811/http://microsites.lomography.com/horizon/perfekt Lomo Site] (archived).—Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a common thermoplastic. '''Collectors note''' that ABS plastic is damaged by sunlight!</ref> The mechanics were overhauled with the aim of reducing the noise emitted by the gears and the turning turret.<ref>[http://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/horizon/index.html Zenit site]</ref>  
 +
 
 +
Special precautions should be observed if using a cable release. Locking the release while advancing the film may cause misalignment of the advance and the turret.
  
 
====Horizon S3 Pro / (2003–)====
 
====Horizon S3 Pro / (2003–)====
−
The Horizon S3 Pro is still in production (as of June 2012) by Roxsen|Roxsen Digital Company, a Chinese manufacturer. Their website lists the camera as the '''Zenit Horizon 203 S3 Pro''' and lists their manufacturing capactity at up to 500 units per week.<ref>[http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/510838004/for_Zenit_Horizon_203_S3_Pro.html Alibaba Global Trade: Roxsen Zenit Horizon 203 S3 Pro Panoramic 35mm Film Camera]</ref>
+
The Horizon S3 Pro is still in production (as of June 2012) by Roxsen|Roxsen Digital Company, a Chinese manufacturer. Their website lists the camera as the '''Zenit Horizon 203 S3 Pro''' and lists their manufacturing capactity at up to 500 units per week.
  
 
====Horizon S3-500 (2005–)====
 
====Horizon S3-500 (2005–)====
−
A further development of the Horizon S3 with the addition of a 1/500th shutter speed.  
+
A further development of the Horizon S3 with the addition of a 1/500th shutter speed but removal of 1 sec and 1/30.  
 
Горизонт-S3-500
 
Горизонт-S3-500
 
<REF>Examples from  
 
<REF>Examples from  
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====Horizon Perfekt (2005–)====
 
====Horizon Perfekt (2005–)====
−
The '''Horizon Perfekt'''  (Lomo model 951) is similar to the Horizon S3.<REF>Example from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/pochedunfou/2459296579/in/pool-camerawiki Megan Kline] on Flickr.</REF>.  It is made from ABS plastic<ref name="ABS" />. The name is sometimes spelled Horizon Perfect.
+
The '''Horizon Perfekt'''  (Lomo model 951) is similar to the Horizon S3-500.<REF>Example from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/pochedunfou/2459296579/in/pool-camerawiki Megan Kline] on Flickr.</REF>.  It is made from ABS plastic<ref name="ABS" />. The name is sometimes spelled Horizon Perfect.
 
Coloured face logos are attached to the turret (known in yellow, red  ¶¶
 
Coloured face logos are attached to the turret (known in yellow, red  ¶¶
−
<ref>[http://microsites.lomography.com/horizon/perfekt/ Lomo site]</ref>
+
<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130402195811/http://microsites.lomography.com/horizon/perfekt Lomo site] (archived)</ref>
  
  
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  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/3253/3061103122_9b654a5193_m.jpg
 
  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/3253/3061103122_9b654a5193_m.jpg
 
  |image_align= center
 
  |image_align= center
−
  |image_text=  Horizon S3Pro front
+
  |image_text=  Horizon S3 Pro front
 
  |image_by=
 
  |image_by=
 
  |image_rights=
 
  |image_rights=
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  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/3235/3060266947_124800fc0c_m.jpg
 
  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/3235/3060266947_124800fc0c_m.jpg
 
  |image_align= center
 
  |image_align= center
−
  |image_text= Horizon S3Pro top
+
  |image_text= Horizon S3 Pro film chamber
 
  |image_by=  
 
  |image_by=  
 
  |image_rights=  
 
  |image_rights=  
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/please/267888517/
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|image= https://live.staticflickr.com/101/267888517_cbba25455a_m.jpg
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|image_align= center
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|image_text=  Horizon S3 U-500
 +
|image_by= Yuankuei Cheng
 +
|image_rights= nc
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}}
 
{|class=plainlinks align=center
 
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+
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" stye="text-align:center;" border-collapse: collapse;"
 +
|-  align="center"
 +
! scope="col" width="150" | Models
 +
! shutter speed
 +
! aperture
 +
! lens
 +
! spirit level
 +
! tripod socket
 +
! left grip
 +
! cable release
 +
|-
 +
| Horizont
 +
| 30, 60, 125, 250*
 +
| rowspan="4" | f/16, f/11, f/8, f/5.6, f/4, f/2.8
 +
| rowspan="2" |28mm f/2.8 ОФ-28П (OF-28P)
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| 202 (old)
 +
| Low: 2, 4, 8, 15 <br>High: 60, 125, 250
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| 202
 +
| Low: 2, 4, 8 <br>High: 30, 60, 125, 250
 +
| 28mm f/2.8 MC Arsat
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| 202S
 +
| Low: 2, 4, 8, 15 <br>High: 60, 125, 250, 500
 +
| 28mm f/2.8
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| Kompakt
 +
| Low: 2 <br>High: 60
 +
| f/8
 +
| MC Industar 8/28
 +
| X
 +
| X
 +
| X
 +
| X
 +
|-
 +
| S3 Pro
 +
| Low: 1, 2, 4, 8 <br>High: 30, 60, 125, 250
 +
| rowspan="4" | f/16, f/11, f/8, f/5.6, f/4, f/2.8
 +
| rowspan="3" | 28mm f/2.8 MC
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| S3 U-500
 +
| Low: 2, 4, 8 <br>High: 60, 125, 250, 500
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| S3 Sport
 +
| 60, 125, 250, 500
 +
| O
 +
|
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|-
 +
| Perfekt
 +
| Low: 2, 4, 8, 15 <br>High: 60, 125, 250, 500
 +
| 28mm Industar MC 2.8
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
| O
 +
|}
 +
* 1/250 speed is not always marked O = Yes : X = No
 
{{br}}
 
{{br}}
  
−
== Reference ==
+
==Notes==
 
* {{McKeown}}, p.550
 
* {{McKeown}}, p.550
−
<references />
+
<references/>
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
 
'''Horizont (1967-1973)'''
 
'''Horizont (1967-1973)'''
−
* [http://www.fotoua.com/1.php?usl=2&usl1=6&rd=4&st=7 Horizont on Fotoua]
+
*[https://www.butkus.org/chinon/horizon_camera/horizont/horizont.htm Horizont user manual] at [https://www.butkus.org/chinon/ Butkus.org]
−
* [http://www.rus-camera.com/camera.php?page=other&camera=horizont Horizont on Antique Russian Camera]
+
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141625/http://www.fotoua.com/1camera.php?usl=2&usl1=6&st=7&rd=4&seek2=0&seek1=0 Horizont on Fotoua] (archived)
−
* [http://www.sovietcams.com/index.php?-325928154 Horizont on Sovietcams.Com]
+
* [http://www.sovietcams.com/index21fd.html?tmpl_into=middle&tmpl_id=283&_m_e_id=22&_menu_i_id=298 Horizont] on [http://www.sovietcams.com Sovietcams.Com]
 
* [http://internoinbakelite.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/kmz-horizont-e-la-fotografia-panoramica-analogica/ Horizont] on [http://internoinbakelite.wordpress.com Interno in bakelite]
 
* [http://internoinbakelite.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/kmz-horizont-e-la-fotografia-panoramica-analogica/ Horizont] on [http://internoinbakelite.wordpress.com Interno in bakelite]
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/horizon/index.html KMZ R&amp;D Center cite: Horizons archives] (in Russian)
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/horizon/index.html KMZ R&amp;D Center cite: Horizons archives] (in Russian)
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/mans/horizon/horizon.html Manual for Horizont] (in Russian)
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/mans/horizon/horizon.html Manual for Horizont] (in Russian)
 +
* [https://www.myview-photo.ch/2023/10/horizont-panoramakamera-so-beseitigst-du-light-leaks/ Horizont Panoramakamera: So beseitigst du Light Leaks!] (How to replace light seals / in German)
  
 
'''Horizont 202'''
 
'''Horizont 202'''
Line 323: Line 439:
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/mans/horizon-202/horizon-202-eng.html Manual for Horizon 202] (in English)
 
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/mans/horizon-202/horizon-202-eng.html Manual for Horizon 202] (in English)
 
'''Horizont Kompact'''
 
'''Horizont Kompact'''
−
* [http://shop.lomography.com/horizon/kompakt/ Horizon Kompakt] in the Lomography shop
+
* [https://shop.lomography.com/en/horizon-kompakt Horizon Kompakt] in the Lomography shop
  
 
[[Category: Panorama]]
 
[[Category: Panorama]]
 
[[Category: 35mm panorama]]
 
[[Category: 35mm panorama]]
 
[[Category:Soviet cameras]]
 
[[Category:Soviet cameras]]
−
[[Category: KMZ]]
+
[[Category: KMZ|Horizont]]
 
[[Category: H]]
 
[[Category: H]]
 
[[Category:Film cameras still in production]]
 
[[Category:Film cameras still in production]]
 +
[[Category:1967]]

Latest revision as of 18:02, 30 January 2024

The Horizont is a lineage of swing-lens panoramic cameras similar in design to the Panon Widelux or the later KW Noblex and a departure from its predecessor, the KMZ FT-2. It was produced from 1967-1973 (Horizont, chrome) and again from 1991 onwards (Horizon-202 etc., black plastic).

Horizont (1967-1973)

Depth of field table
aperture m ft
f/2.8 5.5 m - inf. 16.5 ft - inf.
f/4 3.9 m - inf. 11.7 ft - inf.
f/5.6 2.9 m - inf. 8.7 ft - inf.
f/8 2 m - inf. 6 ft - inf.
f/11 1.5 m - inf. 4.5 ft - inf.
f/16 1 m - inf. 3 ft - inf.

The Horizont, marked in cyrillic Горизонт for the home market, is a sturdy and well built Russian panoramic camera, Some 49,849 were made by Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod (KMZ) from 1967-1973[1]. The panning ОФ-28П (OF-28P) 28mm f2.8 lens makes 24×58mm frames on 35mm film, giving a 120° view.[2] The camera is a fixed focus design, use depth of field to obtain optimum sharpness. By adjusting the slit width exposure times of 1/30s, 1/60s and 1/125s can be set on the dial at the top plate. An un-calibrated and unmarked 1/250s is also available. In the center of the dial is a film speed reminder dial. A spirit level is located on the left corner of the top plate, which is covered when the detacheable viewfinder is fitted into a vertical shoe on the front. A mirror system allows the user to see the spirit level when looking through the viewfinder.[3] As with most Soviet cameras of that era, the two first digits in the serial number at the back indicates year of manufacture.

A complete set also includes a sloping bakelite hand grip to be fitted to the left side of the camera base, and a black leather outfit case. Later variants were supplied with a cyclindrical hand grip and a brown leather case.

Variations

A number of variants of the Horizont are known, which differ mainly in the badging

52086902331_5ac9304d06_w_d.jpg
Horizont Revue
image by Oğuz Ofluoğlu
  • Горизонт for the domestic and Eastern Bloc export market. Name plate silver and black
    • Early version with 1/250th shutter speed market. Name plate silver and black. [4]
      • Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' engraving on the back.[5]
      • Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' engraving on the bottom.[6]
      • Some export models have a 'Made in USSR' and 'Author Certificate' engraving on the bottom.[6]
    • Standard version lacking the 1/250th speed indicator[7]with semi-circular recess for the rewind release button.[6]
    • Standard version as above, but with circular recess for the rewind release button.[6]
    • Late version (1972-73), with silver and red name plate.[6][8]
  • Horizont for the Western export market. (-1972)[9]
  • Horizont Revue, distributed by the German department store Foto-Quelle) in 1969[10][11]
    • Variant, just REVUE on the name plate[6]
  • Kalimar Wide-X, distributed by the the U.S. importer Kalimar[6]
  • Global-H, distributed for the Australian Market[12][6]


6535722887_ae635e520f_m.jpg
Frontal view
6535730271_c28dbed516_m.jpg
Rear View
6535736695_82463fff82_m.jpg
Top view with viewfinder attached
6535746279_7cefc93b2b_m.jpg
Top view with viewfinder removed
6535737851_59dda151a9_m.jpg
Bottom view
6000580149_a8b041d3b6_m.jpg
KMZ Horizont (1972) with Grip
6086399613_b2b8661000_m.jpg
Horizont Lens OF-28P 2.8/28
6086395191_09f3c6524b_m.jpg
Viewfinder of the Horizont with spirit level

KMZ Horizont, late version (1972-1973)
images by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)

Horizon 202 / Horizon Kompakt

The Horizont / Horizon 202 (Горизонт-202)(1991-2005) is an updated version with an plastic outer body shell designed by V. Shablevitch[13]. The plastic used is an early version of ABS[14] which proved to be less scratch-resistant than expected. The camera has a built-in viewfinder, which is centred on the top-plate. A spirit level is mounted centrally on the view finder and can be seen externally, as well as in the viewfinder itself. The film transport uses a advance crank that also cocks the shutter in a single stroke. The shutter and aperture switch levers are based on a click stop design. Shutter speed and aperture should be set only when the shutter is cocked. The film exposure counter is upwards counting and automatically resets when the back is open. The back has a handy slit used to hold a film reminder box tab. The left shoulder of the camera features a film rewind knob that sits atop the shutter speed selection lever. Lift the knob upwards to unlock the film chamber back. When the shutter speed selection lever is pointed towards the white dot the speeds will be fast, if the yellow dot is chosen slower speeds will be used. The tripod screw mount has now been relocated to the centre of the base. A total of 23329 units were produced[1]

202 Variants

  • Горизонт 202 Early versions fitted with the ОФ-28П f2.8/28mm, later versions with the coated MC Arsat f2.8/28mm[15][16]
  • Horizont 202. Early versions fitted with the ОФ-28П f2.8/28mm, later versions with the coated MC Arsat f2.8/28mm. Export markings "[Zenit Logo] USSR" on the bottom plate [15]
  • Horizon 202. Export markings "MADE IN RUSSIA" on the bottom plate [15]
    • Units without serial number (early)
    • Units with serial number on body (late)
  • Horizont 202s Limited production version with additional 1/15 and 1/500 speed settings[13][17]
  • Technopan-202 Rebadged versions of the Horizont 202[18].
  • PAN-35SL Rebadged versions of the Horizont 202 sold in France by ¶¶ and in Italy by Silvestri[19].

Horizon Kompakt

The Horizon Kompakt (Горизонт-kompakt; Lomo model 950) (2005–?2009) is similar to the Horizon 202, but commonly finished in cream, with a knob advance, while the 202 has lever advance. Other simplifications include the removal of the tripod mounting point, the film tension release rewind button and the hand grip cannot be attached. A cable release cannot be screwed into the shutter release button and there is no spirit level.

  • Cream model with coloured face logos attached to the turret (known in green ¶¶).
  • Black model with Russian text (in green) 'Industar MC 8/2.8" or with a green face on the turret.[20]


5830399356_7ddc6f3a28_m.jpg
5829854809_e39511b698_m.jpg
5830403708_755026d9f1_m.jpg

Zenit Horizon 202
images by Raúl Sá Dantas (Image rights)


6086400801_c4e542ab68_m.jpg
Zenit Horizon 202 viewfinder
with spirit level
image by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)
2100997913_b59cbc4b2a_m.jpg
Zenit Horizon Kompakt full package
image by Mauricio Giraldo (Image rights)
3309064306_b92e764b6f_m.jpg
Zenit Horizon Kompakt in Cream
image by Chris Mettraux (Image rights)
24999201372_52c05cf4a6_m.jpg
Horizon Kompakt in black
image by Alex Luyckx (Image rights)

Horizon S3

The Horizon S3 was developed from the Horizon 202 (and initially called the Horizon 203), by reshaping the exterior, giving a more rounded appearance. The external shell was now made from ABS plastic which improved resistance to shock and minor damage.[14] The mechanics were overhauled with the aim of reducing the noise emitted by the gears and the turning turret.[21]

Special precautions should be observed if using a cable release. Locking the release while advancing the film may cause misalignment of the advance and the turret.

Horizon S3 Pro / (2003–)

The Horizon S3 Pro is still in production (as of June 2012) by Roxsen|Roxsen Digital Company, a Chinese manufacturer. Their website lists the camera as the Zenit Horizon 203 S3 Pro and lists their manufacturing capactity at up to 500 units per week.

Horizon S3-500 (2005–)

A further development of the Horizon S3 with the addition of a 1/500th shutter speed but removal of 1 sec and 1/30. Горизонт-S3-500 [22]

Horizon S3-Sport (2005–)

A further development of the Horizon S3-500 but with the removal of all shutter speeds below 1/60th.[23]

Horizon Perfekt (2005–)

The Horizon Perfekt (Lomo model 951) is similar to the Horizon S3-500.[24]. It is made from ABS plastic[14]. The name is sometimes spelled Horizon Perfect. Coloured face logos are attached to the turret (known in yellow, red ¶¶ [25]


3061103122_9b654a5193_m.jpg
Horizon S3 Pro front
3060266947_124800fc0c_m.jpg
Horizon S3 Pro film chamber

Zenit Horizon S3Pro
images by Lachlan Doig (Image rights)

267888517_cbba25455a_m.jpg
Horizon S3 U-500
image by Yuankuei Cheng (Image rights)
5521214071_b3b8b86f32_m.jpg
Horizon Perfekt
image by samflux (Image rights)
265564764_bf1c595011_m.jpg
Horizon Perfekt
image by MaxChu (Image rights)
2267780551_a661c96e84_m.jpg
Horizon Perfekt top
image by Daniel Y. Go (Image rights)

Zenit Horizon Perfekt


Models shutter speed aperture lens spirit level tripod socket left grip cable release
Horizont 30, 60, 125, 250* f/16, f/11, f/8, f/5.6, f/4, f/2.8 28mm f/2.8 ОФ-28П (OF-28P) O O O O
202 (old) Low: 2, 4, 8, 15
High: 60, 125, 250 		O O O O
202 Low: 2, 4, 8
High: 30, 60, 125, 250 		28mm f/2.8 MC Arsat O O O O
202S Low: 2, 4, 8, 15
High: 60, 125, 250, 500 		28mm f/2.8 O O O O
Kompakt Low: 2
High: 60 		f/8 MC Industar 8/28 X X X X
S3 Pro Low: 1, 2, 4, 8
High: 30, 60, 125, 250 		f/16, f/11, f/8, f/5.6, f/4, f/2.8 28mm f/2.8 MC O O O O
S3 U-500 Low: 2, 4, 8
High: 60, 125, 250, 500 		O O O O
S3 Sport 60, 125, 250, 500 O O O
Perfekt Low: 2, 4, 8, 15
High: 60, 125, 250, 500 		28mm Industar MC 2.8 O O O O
  • 1/250 speed is not always marked O = Yes : X = No


Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 KMZ R&D Center site: Cameras production data
  2. ↑ The lens serial numbers do not seem consecutive. Observed were for ex sn#5851 on body sn#6703209 (eBay Dec 2011) and sn# 3833 on body sn#7200984
  3. ↑ User Manual
  4. ↑ Some variants are known where the detachable finder also carries a KMZ logo and the serial number; for ex sn# 6704301 (online auction, eBay December 2011)
  5. ↑ sn# 6801942; online auction, eBay December 2011
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 SovietCams
  7. ↑ But the speed could still be obtained, within tolerances.—sn# 6807659; online auction, eBay December 2011
  8. ↑ The symbol underneath Горизонт is the Soviet logo for Export Quality
  9. ↑ Some variants are known where the detachaable finder also carries a KMZ logo and the serial number
  10. ↑ Catalogue Foto-Quelle 1969, p.13 (Sylvain Halgand's site.—The camera is no longer listed in the 1972 catalogue
  11. ↑ Observed serial numbers also show 1969 production: 6903353 (eBay 300643842789 Jan 2012); 6903500 (Christies 24 November 1994 Auction 6680 Lot 10; 6903951 (eBay 370568784949 Dec 2011); .—See also Auction Breker 30 April 2005 Lot 732
  12. ↑ image on Futua (archived)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Alfred Klomp's site
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lomo Site (archived).—Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a common thermoplastic. Collectors note that ABS plastic is damaged by sunlight!
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Soviet Cams
  16. ↑ Kiev Camera (archived)
  17. ↑ Zenit site
  18. ↑ KMZ R&D Center cite: Cameras names and trademarks
  19. ↑ KMZ R&D Center cite: Cameras names and trademarks
  20. ↑ Lomo Site (archived)
  21. ↑ Zenit site
  22. ↑ Examples from star_1+6, and Yuankuei Cheng on Flickr.
  23. ↑ RUGIFT site
  24. ↑ Example from Megan Kline on Flickr.
  25. ↑ Lomo site (archived)

Links

Horizont (1967-1973)

Horizont 202

Horizont Kompact

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