Difference between revisions of "Film advance"
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{{glossary}} | {{glossary}} | ||
'''Film advance''' is a mechanism for moving film from one spool to another incrementally one frame at a time. | '''Film advance''' is a mechanism for moving film from one spool to another incrementally one frame at a time. | ||
| − | Advance may be a manual process, and may be called ''winding'', ''advance'', ''wind-on'' and various other terms, and may use, for example, a ''knob'', ''key'', ''lever'', ''slider'' or ''thumbwheel''. For this method there must be some way of stopping winding when the next frame is reached | + | Advance may be a manual process, and may be called ''winding'', ''advance'', ''wind-on'' and various other terms, and may use, for example, a ''knob'', ''key'', ''lever'', ''slider'' or ''thumbwheel''. For this method there must be some way of stopping winding when the next frame is reached. Older cameras mostly use a [[red window]], through which the user must watch for numbers printed on the film backing paper. Later cameras may have some more positive 'auto-stop' method where the camera has a roller or sprockets measuring the film to lock the winding at the correct point - or the film has a single hole locating the frame, as in [[110 film|110]] and [[126 film|126 cartridge films]]. |
| − | Some cameras | + | |
| − | [[Vitessa|Voigtländer Vitessa]] and [[Penti|Welta Penti]] - equipped with plungers. | + | Some cameras use more eccentric methods, such as the [[Werra]], which has a ring around the lens for winding and the [[Voskhod]] and [[Agimatic & Agima|Agimatic]] - which have levers rotating around the lens, or the [[Unimatic II|Bencini Unimatic]], where the shutter release button is pushed sideways to wind, and the |
| + | [[Vitessa|Voigtländer Vitessa]] and [[Penti|Welta Penti]] - equipped with plungers. The [[Calypso]] uses the wind-on lever for releasing the shutter as well. | ||
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| + | In many cameras, the film advance process also cocks the [[shutter]], and, frequently, releasing the shutter unlocks the film advance - providing double-exposure protection. | ||
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| + | {{Flickr_image | ||
| + | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/uwe_kulick/1468985611/in/pool-camerawiki | ||
| + | |image= http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1029/1468985611_1864f2774e_m.jpg | ||
| + | |image_align= right | ||
| + | |image_text= falling plate mechanism<br>of the [[Conley Quick Shot]] | ||
| + | |image_rights=pd | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | ===Falling Plate=== | ||
| + | A few plate cameras - ''[[magazine camera]]s'' - (e.g. the [[Klito|Houghton Klito No.1]]) adopted a "falling plate" arrangement, where a number of plates were kept in a sprung magazine, usually behind the focal plane. After exposure, the exposed plate fell forward and down into a well, allowing the next one to move forward for use. | ||
| − | A | + | A related system had a magazine of plates, but a sliding mechanism to move them to the [[Focal_plane#Focal_Plane|focal plane]] and back. This was eventually evolved into the [[Polaroid]] system of keeping a stack of film, exposing the top and then ejecting it. |
| + | ===Motor Drive=== | ||
| + | Many cameras - particularly later ones - have some form of automated wind-on, triggered by the [[shutter release]]. These use a clockwork mechanism (e.g. the [[Robot]] cameras or the [[Kodak Instamatic X-45]]; see [[:Category:Spring motor]]), or an electric motor. On a number of [[SLR]] systems produced between the 1960s and 1990s, add-on motor film-advance devices were available (''winders'' usually capable of around two frames/second, and ''motor drives'' capable of around ten frames/second). | ||
| + | {| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |{{Flickr_image | ||
| + | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/timmythesuk/195934668/in/pool-camerawiki/ | ||
| + | |image= http://farm1.static.flickr.com/74/195934668_b762306c63_m.jpg | ||
| + | |image_align= right | ||
| + | |image_text= Olympus OM Winder 2 | ||
| + | |image_by=Tim Williams | ||
| + | |image_rights= creative commons | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |{{Flickr_image | ||
| + | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/timmythesuk/198740138/in/pool-camerawiki/ | ||
| + | |image= http://farm1.static.flickr.com/58/198740138_e062b4c04b_m.jpg | ||
| + | |image_align= right | ||
| + | |image_text= [[Olympus OM-10/20/30/40|OM-30]] with winder 2 fitted | ||
| + | |image_by=Tim Williams | ||
| + | |image_rights=nc | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |{{Flickr_image | ||
| + | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrizzle/3475193188/in/pool-camerawiki | ||
| + | |image= http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3349/3475193188_2019fd4ce5_m.jpg | ||
| + | |image_align= right | ||
| + | |image_text= [[Canon A-1]] with Winder | ||
| + | |image_by=Christopher Robin Roberts | ||
| + | |image_rights=wp | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | [[category: Camera parts]] | |
Latest revision as of 12:06, 26 August 2023
Film advance is a mechanism for moving film from one spool to another incrementally one frame at a time.
Advance may be a manual process, and may be called winding, advance, wind-on and various other terms, and may use, for example, a knob, key, lever, slider or thumbwheel. For this method there must be some way of stopping winding when the next frame is reached. Older cameras mostly use a red window, through which the user must watch for numbers printed on the film backing paper. Later cameras may have some more positive 'auto-stop' method where the camera has a roller or sprockets measuring the film to lock the winding at the correct point - or the film has a single hole locating the frame, as in 110 and 126 cartridge films.
Some cameras use more eccentric methods, such as the Werra, which has a ring around the lens for winding and the Voskhod and Agimatic - which have levers rotating around the lens, or the Bencini Unimatic, where the shutter release button is pushed sideways to wind, and the Voigtländer Vitessa and Welta Penti - equipped with plungers. The Calypso uses the wind-on lever for releasing the shutter as well.
In many cameras, the film advance process also cocks the shutter, and, frequently, releasing the shutter unlocks the film advance - providing double-exposure protection.
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| falling plate mechanism of the Conley Quick Shot (Image rights) |
Falling Plate
A few plate cameras - magazine cameras - (e.g. the Houghton Klito No.1) adopted a "falling plate" arrangement, where a number of plates were kept in a sprung magazine, usually behind the focal plane. After exposure, the exposed plate fell forward and down into a well, allowing the next one to move forward for use.
A related system had a magazine of plates, but a sliding mechanism to move them to the focal plane and back. This was eventually evolved into the Polaroid system of keeping a stack of film, exposing the top and then ejecting it.
Motor Drive
Many cameras - particularly later ones - have some form of automated wind-on, triggered by the shutter release. These use a clockwork mechanism (e.g. the Robot cameras or the Kodak Instamatic X-45; see Category:Spring motor), or an electric motor. On a number of SLR systems produced between the 1960s and 1990s, add-on motor film-advance devices were available (winders usually capable of around two frames/second, and motor drives capable of around ten frames/second).
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