Difference between revisions of "Semi Lyra"

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{{Japanese Semi}}
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{{Japanese Semi prewar
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The '''Semi Lyra''' are [[Japanese 4.5×6 folders]]. There are two distinct generations: one was made before and during the war by [[Fuji Kōgaku]], the other was made in the 1950s by [[Katsuma|Katsuma Kōgaku]].
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|image=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/31788419357/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4808/31788419357_a7e75684bf_m_d.jpg]<br>''Picture by Sharon Riehl. {{with permission}}''
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}}
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''For the postwar models, made in the 1950s by [[Fuji Kōgaku|Katsuma Kōgaku]], see [[Semi Lyra (postwar)]].''
  
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== Prewar models ==
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The '''Semi Lyra''' are [[Japanese 4.5×6 folders]]. There are two distinct generations: this page describes the models made before and during the war by [[Fuji Kōgaku]].
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The prewar and wartime model (セミライラ) was made by [[Fuji Kōgaku]]. It is a vertical folder, copy of the [[Ikonta]], with a folding optical finder. There is a key at the bottom right to advance the film, and two red windows in the back, protected by a horizontally sliding cover. The camera is simply embossed ''LYRA'' in the front leather, and the Fuji Kōgaku logo is embossed in the back leather.
 
  
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The '''original model''' (sometimes called "Semi Lyra I"), released in 1936, has no body release, and exists in four variants<REF> Advertisement for the Semi Lyra, [[Baby Lyra]] and [[Lyra Six]], originally published in the September 1937 issue of ''Asahi Camera'', reproduced in ''[[Sources:Japanese#Kokusan kamera no rekishi|Shōwa 10&ndash;40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi]]'' in two parts, items 291&ndash;2 and 295. </REF>:
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== General description ==
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* Pionar f:6.3 lens and Picco shutter (&yen;35 in 1937);
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The prewar and wartime Semi Lyra (セミライラ) is a vertical folder, copy of the [[Ikonta]]. It has a folding optical finder in the middle of the top plate (as seen by the photographer holding the camera horizontally). There is a button on the right, releasing both the folding bed and the folding finder, and an advance key at the bottom right to advance the film. The back is hinged to the left and contains two red windows.
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* Terionar f:4.5 lens and Noblo shutter (&yen;43);
 
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* Terionar f:3.5 lens and Noblo shutter (&yen;58);
 
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* Goldar<REF> Inferred from the ''katakana'' ゴールダー.</REF> f:3.5 lens and Noblo shutter (&yen;70).
 
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The Goldar lens probably has four elements: a Goldar 75/3.5 lens is advertised as such with the original [[Lyra Flex]]<REF> {{Showa10ad|Lyra Flex|299|March 1938|Ars Camera}} </REF>. The Picco shutter has T, B, 25, 50, 100 speeds and also equips the [[Baby Lyra]]. The Noblo shutter has T, B, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 speeds. Both are everset shutters. The aperture scale is at the bottom of the shutter plate. The latter is written ''NOBLO'' or ''Picco'' in handwritten style at the top, and on the right there is a logo with ''Fk'' in a circle (surely for <u>F</u>uji <u>K</u>ōgaku), meant to look like the ''FD'' logo of the [[Compur]] shutter.
 
  
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The original model is still mentioned in 1938 advertisements<REF> Advertisement for the Lyra range, published in the September 1938 issue of ''Asahi Camera''. </REF> as a cheaper alternative to the newer model, with f:4.5 lens (&yen;52) or f:3.5 lens (&yen;62). At least one example has been observed with the newer Fujikō B shutter.
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{| class="plainlinks" align="center" style="text-align: center;"
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/32861040488/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4893/32861040488_67c285b57b_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46685618162/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4892/46685618162_4aaa445017_m_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| ''Fuji Kōgaku logos.<br>Pictures by eBayer nanitescs. {{with permission}}''
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|}
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The camera is simply embossed ''LYRA'' in the front leather, a ''FUJI KŌGAKU'' logo is embossed in the back leather and ''FUJI KOGAKU'' logos are engraved in the folding struts.
  
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The '''New Semi Lyra''' (sometimes called "Semi Lyra II")<REF> This model is called "Semi Lyra II" by {{Kokusan}}, but the advertisement reproduced is only written 新型セミライラ, whose translation is "New Semi Lyra". </REF> is the same model with a body release, on the left of the top plate. Two new shutters are introduced, the Fujikō B (T, B, 5&ndash;250) and the Fujikō A (T, B, 1&ndash;300). The shutter plates are black, marked ''FUJIKō'' at the top and ''FUJIKŌGAKU'' at the bottom. The aperture scale is now above the shutter housing.
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The Semi Lyra is not uncommon, at least in Japan, and it is not renowned for its quality of construction, a hint of this being that many examples are found today with torn bellows.
  
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Various lens/shutter combinations are reported<REF> The 1937 prices come from an advertisement for the Semi Lyra, originally published in the December 1937 issue of ''Ars Camera'', reproduced in ''[[Sources: Japanese language#Kokusan kamera no rekishi|Shōwa 10&ndash;40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi]]'', item 293. &mdash; The 1938 prices come from an advertisement for the Lyra range, published in the September 1938 issue of ''Asahi Camera''. &mdash; The variants with no price indicated are simply mentioned in {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;342. </REF>:
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== Early model ==
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* Pionar f:6.3 lens and Picco shutter;
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The '''original Semi Lyra''' was introduced in mid-1936 and has no body release.<REF> The first advertisement mentioned by {{Kokusan}}, p.342, is dated June 1936. The same source says that the camera was featured in the new products column of the August 1936 issue of ''[[Asahi Camera]]''. </REF> It was sometimes called '''Semi Lyra I''' (セミライラⅠ型) after the introduction of the model II.<REF> Semi Lyra I: advertisement on the second cover of ''Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin'', December 15, 1939, reproduced on p.34 of ''Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku''. </REF> The early model has a leather handle over the back latch. The first examples have '''no red window cover''', and the back logo is embossed so as to be read with the camera held in a vertical position.
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* Terionar f:4.5 lens and Picco shutter;
 
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* Terionar f:4.5 lens and Fujikō B shutter (&yen;60 in 1937 and 1938);
 
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* Terionar f:3.5 lens and Fujikō B shutter (&yen;70 in 1937 and 1938);
 
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* Goldar f:4.5 lens and Fujikō B shutter;
 
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* Terionar f:4.5 lens and Fujikō A shutter (&yen;70 in 1938);
 
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* Terionar f:3.5 lens and Fujikō A shutter (&yen;80 in 1938).
 
  
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The '''Semi Lyra F''' (セミライラＦ型) is equipped with a new Fujikō F 1&ndash;200 shutter. The shutter plate is now yellowish with black markings. These markings are almost the same as on the previous shutters, except that ''FUJIKō'' at the top is written in two parts: ''FUJ'' and ''IKō'', with a black arrow between both. Two variants are offered<REF> The 1941 prices come from an advertisement for the Lyra range, originally published in the May 1941 issue of ''Shashin Bunka'', reproduced in ''[[Sources:Japanese#Kokusan kamera no rekishi|Shōwa 10&ndash;40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi]]'', item 294. &mdash; The 1942 prices come from an [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/syasinki28.jpg advertisement for the Lyra range], originally published in the July 29, 1942 issue of ''Asahi Graph'', reproduced in a [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/syasinki.htm page of prewar and wartime advertisements for Japanese cameras] at the [http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze website]. </REF>:
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In an advertisement dated December 1936 by the distributor [[Yamamoto Shashinki-ten]],<REF> Advertisement published in ''[[Sunday Mainichi]]'' (13 December 1936), formerly reproduced in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20100703164808/http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze (archived)] website. </REF> the camera was offered with f/6.3, f/4.5 or f/3.5 lens, respectively for {{yen|35|1936}}, {{yen|43|1936}} and {{yen|58|1936}}. No further detail is given.
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* Terionar f:4.5 lens (&yen;88 in 1941, &yen;101 in 1942);
 
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* Terionar f:3.5 lens (&yen;98 in 1941, &yen;112 in 1942).
 
  
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== Postwar models ==
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The September 1937 advertisement in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'' lists four versions, of which the first three were probably the same as previously mentioned:<REF> Advertisement reproduced in {{Kokusan}} in two parts, p.100. </REF>
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The postwar model (セミライラー) was made by [[Katsuma|Katsuma Kōgaku]]. It is still a vertical folder, but the design is different, with straight folding struts. It appears in Japanese advertisements dated 1955 and 1956.
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* Pionar f/6.3 lens, Picco shutter, {{yen|35|1937}};<REF> This version has not yet been observed. Tanaka, p.78 of {{KKS}} no.8, says that the f/6.3 lens is called Terionar but this is probably a mistake. </REF>
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* Terionar f/4.5 lens, Noblo shutter, {{yen|43|1937}};<REF> This version is pictured in ''Omoide no supuringu-kamera-ten'', p.15, and has been observed in online auctions. </REF>
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* Terionar f/3.5 lens, Noblo shutter, {{yen|58|1937}};<REF> This version is pictured in {{Sugiyama}}, item 1162, and has been observed in online auctions. </REF>
 +
* Goldar f/3.5 lens, Noblo shutter, {{yen|70|1937}}.<REF> This version has not yet been observed. </REF>
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The Goldar lens probably has four elements: a Goldar 75/3.5 lens was advertised as such with the original [[Lyra Flex]].<REF> Advertisement for the [[Lyra Flex]] in ''[[Ars Camera]]'' March 1938, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.101. </REF>
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{{br}}
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{| class="plainlinks" align="center" style="text-align: center;"
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/31788419357/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4808/31788419357_a7e75684bf_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46005338334/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4844/46005338334_5859be7dbe_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46729973031/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4885/46729973031_9a3c250bee_m_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| ''Original Semi Lyra, Fuji-kō Anastigmat Terionar 75mm f/3.5 lens no.44328, Noblo shutter, T, B, 5–200 speeds.''<br>''Pictures by Sharon Riehl. {{with permission}}''
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|}
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Both the Picco and the Noblo shutters are everset. The Picco gives T, B, 25, 50, 100 speeds and also equips the [[Baby Lyra]]. The Noblo gives T, B, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 speeds. The aperture scale is at the bottom of the shutter plate. The shutter plate has the name ''NOBLO'' or ''Picco'' in cursive letters at the top, and a logo on the right reading ''Fk'' inside a circle (surely for <u>F</u>uji <u>K</u>ōgaku), meant to look like the ''FD'' logo of the [[Compur]] shutter.
  
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The '''Semi Lyra A''' (セミライラーＡ型) is the viewfinder version. In some advertisements it is called simply '''Semi Lyra''' (or even "Semi Lira" with a typographical mistake). The viewfinder is enclosed in a top housing, with an accessory shoe. The advance knob is on the left, together with the shutter release, while the folding bed opening button is on the right, together with a decorative knob. The camera has a ''Semi Lyra'' marking on the top housing and a ''LYRA'' marking embossed in the front leather. It is offered in 1955<REF> {{Showa10ad|Semi Lyra and Semi Lyra SR|980|December 1955|Sankei Camera}} </REF> with a Terionar 75/3.5 lens and a Lyra U shutter (B, 1&ndash;200), synchonized and equipped with a selftimer, for &yen;6,800.
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== Added body release, Fujikō shutters ==
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{| class="plainlinks" align="center" style="text-align: center;"
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/39764999923/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4898/39764999923_b222f30499_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46011172714/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7847/46011172714_021734cd45_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/39770848223/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7875/39770848223_d82ee66d36_m_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46011229404/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4818/46011229404_aeb16de5bc_t_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/39770891653/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7835/39770891653_c6e3a178c8_t_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46011266234/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7925/46011266234_068f86ea2f_t_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46011285164/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4871/46011285164_be3711e5e7_t_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46011307694/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7902/46011307694_c5c12b4ec9_t_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46736126031/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7878/46736126031_ca4259524c_t_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| ''New Semi Lyra, Fujikō B shutter (T, B, 5–250), Terionar f/4.5 lens no.61008.<br>Pictures by eBayer nanitescs. {{with permission}}''
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|}
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The '''New Semi Lyra''' (新型セミライラ) or '''Semi Lyra II''' (セミライラⅡ型) was released at the end of 1937.<REF> The first advertisement mentioned by {{Kokusan}}, p.342, is dated November 1937. The same source says that the camera was featured in the new products column of the December 1937 issue of {{ACA}}. </REF> It has a body release added to the left of the viewfinder. At the same time, a horizontally sliding cover was added for the red windows, and the back logo was rotated so as to be read with the camera held in the horizontal position.
  
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The '''Semi Lyra SR''' (セミライラーＳＲ型) is the uncoupled rangefinder version. It has a different top housing with a squarer shape. The viewfinder window is rectangular and the rangefinder window is round. The advance knob has moved to the right end of the top plate. The camera has ''Lyra'' markings, in handwritten style, both on the top housing and embossed in the front leather. It is offered in 1955<REF> {{Showa10ad|Semi Lyra A and Semi Lyra SR|981|June 1955|Sankei Camera}} </REF> with a Terionar 75/3.2 lens (note the different aperture) and a Lyra SU shutter, for &yen;9,500. The Lyra SU shutter has the same features as the Lyra U mounted on the viewfinder model, and the advertisement's picture shows a ''LYRA-U'' marking on the shutter rim of the Semi Lyra SR. The "SU" name is possibly a mistake.
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Two new shutter types were introduced, the Fujikō B (T, B, 5–250) and the Fujikō A (T, B, 1–300), both with a setting lever. The shutter plates are black, marked ''FUJIKŌ'' at the top and ''FUJIKŌGAKU'' at the bottom. The aperture scale is placed above the shutter housing. The early examples have an additional release lever mounted on the front of the shutter housing.
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/29504544@N08/8545966018/in/pool-camerawiki/
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|image= http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8526/8545966018_9509ca6ca2_m_d.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_text= Anastigmat Terionar 1:3.5 75mm Lens<br>in Fujikō B Shutter
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|image_by= Hans Kerensky
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|image_rights= with permission
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}}
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The advertisement in {{AR}} December 1937 only lists the following two combinations:<REF> Advertisement reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.100.</REF>
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* Terionar f/4.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter ({{yen|60|1937}});
 +
* Terionar f/3.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter ({{yen|70|1937}}).
 +
The Goldar f/3.5 lens was reportedly advertised with the Fujikō B shutter in April 1938.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.342. The same source also mentions the Picco shutter for the Semi Lyra II, but this is certainly a mistake: the Picco shutter is everset, only has one release lever at the top and is not well suited to a body release. </REF>
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It seems that the Fujikō A was only introduced some months later. The September 1938 advertisement in {{ACA}} gives the same price for the versions with Fujikō B, and adds two versions with the Fujikō A:<REF> Advertisement in {{ACA}} September 1938, observed in an online auction. </REF>
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* Terionar f/4.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter ({{yen|70|1938}});
 +
* Terionar f/3.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter ({{yen|80|1938}}).
 +
The model with no body release was still available. It is called '''ordinary model''' (普通型) in the same September 1938 advertisement, with f/4.5 lens ({{yen|52|1938}}) or f/3.5 lens ({{yen|62|1938}}). At least one example of the Semi Lyra has been observed with a Fujikō B shutter with front-mounted release lever and no body release; that particular camera has the older type of back latch, and corresponds to the ordinary Semi Lyra sold after the introduction of the Fujikō shutters.<REF> Example observed in an online auction. </REF>
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== Newer back latch ==
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The back latch was replaced around 1939 by a newer part consisting of a long sliding bar with no handle. The front-mounted release lever of the Semi Lyra II certainly disappeared at the same time.<REF> Compare for example {{Sugiyama}} items 1163 and 1164. </REF>
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An advertisement dated December 1939 has four versions of the Semi Lyra I and four of the Semi Lyra II:<REF> Advertisement on the second cover of ''Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin'', December 15, 1939, reproduced on p.34 of ''Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku''. </REF>
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* Semi Lyra I, f/6.3 lens, Picco shutter, {{yen|44|1939}};
 +
* Semi Lyra I, f/4.5 lens, Picco shutter, {{yen|50|1939}};
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* Semi Lyra I, f/4.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, {{yen|58|1939}};
 +
* Semi Lyra I, f/3.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, {{yen|68|1939}};
 +
* Semi Lyra II, f/4.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, {{yen|67|1939}};
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* Semi Lyra II, f/3.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, {{yen|77|1939}};
 +
* Semi Lyra II, f/4.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter, {{yen|78|1939}};
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* Semi Lyra II, f/3.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter, {{yen|88|1939}}.
 +
 
 +
The list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941 mentions four versions of the Semi Lyra II, called "Semi Lyra II L" (¥74), "Semi Lyra II Y" (¥85), "Semi Lyra II R" (¥88) and "Semi Lyra II E" (¥98), and four versions of the Semi Lyra I, called the "Semi Lyra I L" (¥53), "Semi Lyra I Y" (¥62), "Semi Lyra I R" (¥74) and "Semi Lyra I E" (¥85).<REF> {{Kakaku0141_short}}, type 3, sections 2, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A. </REF> They certainly correspond to the eight combinations described above. The names form the word "L-Y-R-E" in ascending price order and this is certainly not casual.
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 +
The actual examples of the Semi Lyra II observed so far all have the Fujikō B shutter and Terionar lens, and no picture of the other versions has yet been found.
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== The Semi Lyra F and J ==
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The '''Semi Lyra F''' (セミライラＦ型) was released at the end of 1940.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.342, says that it was featured in the new products column of the October 1940 issue of ''[[Asahi Camera]].'' </REF> It has the new Fujikō F shutter giving T, B, 1–200 speeds and a Terionar lens. It always has the new type of back latch with no handle. The shutter plate is usually yellowish with black markings, but it perhaps also exists in black with white markings. These markings are almost the same as on the previous Fujikō shutters, except that ''FUJIKŌ'' at the top is written in two parts: ''FUJ'' and ''IKŌ'', with an arrow between both.
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 +
The Semi Lyra F was already mentioned in the January 1941 official price list cited above, in two versions called "Semi Lyra F L" (¥88) and "Semi Lyra F R" (¥98), certainly with f/4.5 and f/3.5 lens respectively.<REF> {{Kakaku0141_short}}, type 3, sections 6A and 7A. </REF> These two versions were offered in advertisements dated May 1941 and July 1942:<REF> May 1941: advertisement for the Lyra range published in ''[[Shashin Bunka]]'', reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.100. July 1942: advertisement published in ''[[Asahi Graph]]'' (29 July 1942), formerly reproduced in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20100703164808/http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze (archived)] website. </REF>
 +
* Terionar f/4.5 lens ({{yen|88|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|101|1942}} in 1942);
 +
* Terionar f/3.5 lens ({{yen|98|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|112|1942}} in 1942).
 +
The official price list dated November 1941 has a "Semi Lyra J L" and a "Semi Lyra J Y", along with the "Semi Lyra F L" and "Semi Lyra F R".<REF> {{Kakaku1141_short}}, type 3, sections 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B. </REF> These models certainly have the Fujikō J shutter, the same as the Fujikō F with an added self-timer, also mounted on the [[Lyra Six|Lyra Six J]] and [[Lyra Flex|Lyra Flex J]].
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 +
The Semi Lyra F and J are mentioned with the Terionar f/3.5 lens in the April 1943 government inquiry on Japanese camera production.<REF> {{Inquiry1943_short}}, items 48–9. In the available reproduction of the document, the Semi Lyra J is simply called "Semi Lyra", the Fujikō J shutter is called "Fujikō I" and its self-timer is not mentioned, certainly by mistake (shutter item 18-P-22). The Fujikō J shutter is confirmed to have a self-timer in an advertisement dated May 1941 reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.100. </REF> The camera was advertised in ''[[Shashin Bunka]]'' until June 1943.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.342. </REF> The Semi Lyra J is still listed in an advertisement by [[Banno|Banno Toyoji Shōten]] dated February 1944.<REF> Advertisement on the back cover of ''Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin'', February 15, 1944, reproduced on p.78 of ''Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku''. </REF>
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 +
Actual examples of the Semi Lyra F have only been observed with the f/3.5 lens so far.<REF> See for example {{Sugiyama}}, item 1165. This camera has also been observed in various online auctions. </REF> All have the yellowish shutter plate and the ''Fuji–kō Anastigmat Terionar'' lens engraving, with a lens number under 120000. On the [[Lyra Six|Lyra Six F]] and [[Lyra Flex|Lyra Flex F]], the lens engraving was changed to ''Fuji–kō Terionar'' between lens no.120000 and no.126000 and the yellowish shutter plate was replaced by a black one at the same time. This perhaps also applied to the Semi Lyra F.
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After the war, a different camera also called Semi Lyra was made by [[Fuji Kōgaku|Katsuma Kōgaku]], see [[Semi Lyra (postwar)]].
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== Aftermarket conversions ==
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Several aftermarket conversions were offered by Japanese workshops. The '''Sun film stop''' is an auto-stop device, advertised by [[Yamashita|Yamashita Yūjirō Shōten]] in January 1939, and described in the page about [[Yamashita]]. It was available for the Semi Lyra and other similar cameras, such as the [[Super Ikonta]], [[Ikonta]], [[Nettar]], [[Welta]] [[Perle]], [[Semi Prince]] and [[Semi Minolta (I) and II|Semi Minolta]]. In 1943, rangefinder conversions were offered by [[Hakkōdō]] for the Semi Lyra and various other copies of the [[Ikonta]] or [[Nettar]] (see [[Hakkōdō#rangefinder conversions|this page]]).
  
 
== Notes ==
 
== Notes ==
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
−
== Printed bibliography ==
+
== Bibliography ==
−
* {{Showa10}} Items 292&ndash;4 and 980&ndash;1.
+
* {{Showa10}} Items 292–4. (See also the advertisement for item 164.)
 +
* {{Kakaku1141}} Type 3, sections 6A, 6B, 7A and 7B.
 +
* {{Inquiry1943}} Items 48–9.
 +
* {{Kakaku0141}} Type 3, sections 2, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A.
 +
* {{McKeown12}} P.328 (pictures a Semi Lyra F).
 +
* ''Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin'' (日本写真興業通信). ''Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku'' (百号ごと十回の記録, Ten records, every hundred issues). Tokyo: Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin Sha (日本写真興業通信社), 1967. No ISBN number. Advertisements on p.34, corresponding to the second cover of the December 15, 1939 issue, and on p.78, corresponding to the back cover of the February 15, 1944 issue.
 +
* ''Omoide no supuringu-kamera-ten'' (思い出のスプリングカメラ展, Exhibition of beloved self-erecting cameras). Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 1992. (Exhibition catalogue, no ISBN number.) P.15.
 +
* {{Zukan}} Items 1162–5.
 +
* Tanaka Masao (田中政雄). "Sonota no nihon no supuringu-kamera" (その他の日本のスプリングカメラ, "Other Japanese folding cameras"). {{KKS008}} Pp.76–80.
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
−
In English:
+
=== General links ===
−
* [http://medfmt.8k.com/mf/fujilyra6.html Lyra Six and Semi Lyra] at [http://medfmt.8k.com/ medfmt]
 
 
In Japanese:
 
In Japanese:
−
* [http://www3.kiy.jp/%7Edaddy/semilyra.html Semi Lyra and other folders] at [http://www3.kiy.jp/%7Edaddy/dadtop.htm Puppy's Island]
+
* Pages of [http://ranzosha.web.fc2.com/d000shasinkizai.html Ranzōsha's camera site]:
−
* {{Gochamaze|Semi Lyra|28|July 29, 1942|Asahi Graph}}
+
** [http://ranzosha.web.fc2.com/d005semilyra.html Semi Lyra, original model] (Noblo, Terionar f/3.5)
−
* [http://www.ajcc.gr.jp/05FallExb/05Fall-18matsuura.htm A sample picture taken by a Semi Lyra] at the [http://www.ajcc.gr.jp/ AJCC website]
+
** [http://ranzosha.web.fc2.com/d023semilyra.html Semi Lyra II] (Fujikō B, Terionar f/4.5)
−
* [http://kochi-med.net/moto/camera/camera_repair/fujiko/index.html Restoration] of a Semi Lyra F and [http://kochi-med.net/moto/camera/camera_repair/fujiko/sample/index.htm sample pictures] at [http://kochi-med.net/moto/camera/ Shiroto shashinki sh&#363;ri k&#333;b&#333;]
+
** [http://ranzosha.web.fc2.com/d024semilyra.html Semi Lyra II] (Fujikō B, Terionar f/3.5)
 +
* Semi Lyra II and Semi Lyra F in the [http://www.jmcy.co.jp/goto/yamada/Y061021/P001_099.html first page] of the [http://www.jmcy.co.jp/goto/yamada/ Yamada Camera Museum]
 +
* [http://www.ajcc.gr.jp/05FallExb/05Fall-18matsuura.htm Sample picture taken by a Semi Lyra II] at the [http://www.ajcc.gr.jp/ AJCC website]
 +
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181107063036/http://www.geocities.jp/wwsada/camera/1b/1-lyra-01L Semi Lyra F] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20181106091410/http://www.geocities.jp/wwsada/sonota.html Itō Sadanobu's camera collection] (archived)
 +
 
 +
{{Fuji Kōgaku}}
  
−
[[Category: Japanese 4.5x6 viewfinder folding]]
+
[[Category: Japanese 4.5x6 viewfinder folding|Lyra, Semi]]
 +
[[Category: Fuji Kōgaku|Lyra, Semi]]
 
[[Category: S]]
 
[[Category: S]]
 
[[Category: L|Lyra, Semi]]
 
[[Category: L|Lyra, Semi]]
 +
[[Category: 1936]]

Latest revision as of 06:54, 24 May 2021

31788419357_a7e75684bf_m_d.jpg
Picture by Sharon Riehl. (Image rights)
Japanese Semi (4.5×6)
Prewar and wartime models (edit)
folding
Semi Ace | Semi Adler | Adler III | Adler A | Adler B | Adler C | Semi Ako | Ami | Bakyna | Semi Chrome | Semi Clover | Collex | Semi Condor | Semi Dymos | Semi Elega | Semi First | Auto Semi First | Baby Semi First | Gaica | Semi Gelto | Semi Germa | Hansa Semi Rollette | Heil | Hokoku | Hope | Kadera | Kankyu | Kelly | Kiko Semi | Semi Kinka | Semi Konter | Semi Kreis | Semi Kulax | Semi Lead | Semi Leotax | Semi Lester | Loyal | Semi Lucky | Semi Lyra | Semi Makinet | Semi Metax | Semi Minolta (I) and II | Auto Semi Minolta | Semi Miss | Mizuho | Semi Mulber | Semi National | New Gold | Okaco | Oko Semi | Semi Olympus | Semi Olympus II | Semi Osamo | Semi Pearl | Primo | Semi Prince | Semi Proud | Semi Prux | Roavic | Semi Rody | Rondex | Semi Rosen | Semi Rotte | Seica | Seves | Semi Shiks | Sintax | Semi Sixteenth | Semi Solon | Semi Sport | Star Semi | Semi-Tex | Tsubasa Kiko Three | Tsubasa Nettar | Tsubasa Super Semi | Ugein | Vester-Lette | Victor | Waltax | Wester | Zeitax
collapsible
Semi Kinsi | Lord | Lyrax | Nippon | New Olympic | Semi Olympic | Semi Renky | Auto Victor | Well Super
stereo
Sun Stereo
unknown
Semi Elka | Semi Keef | Napoleon
Postwar models ->
Japanese SLR, TLR, pseudo TLR and stereo ->
Japanese 3×4, 4×4, 4×5, 4×6.5, 6×6 and 6×9 ->

For the postwar models, made in the 1950s by Katsuma Kōgaku, see Semi Lyra (postwar).

The Semi Lyra are Japanese 4.5×6 folders. There are two distinct generations: this page describes the models made before and during the war by Fuji Kōgaku.

General description

The prewar and wartime Semi Lyra (セミライラ) is a vertical folder, copy of the Ikonta. It has a folding optical finder in the middle of the top plate (as seen by the photographer holding the camera horizontally). There is a button on the right, releasing both the folding bed and the folding finder, and an advance key at the bottom right to advance the film. The back is hinged to the left and contains two red windows.

32861040488_67c285b57b_m_d.jpg 46685618162_4aaa445017_m_d.jpg
Fuji Kōgaku logos.
Pictures by eBayer nanitescs. (Image rights)

The camera is simply embossed LYRA in the front leather, a FUJI KŌGAKU logo is embossed in the back leather and FUJI KOGAKU logos are engraved in the folding struts.

The Semi Lyra is not uncommon, at least in Japan, and it is not renowned for its quality of construction, a hint of this being that many examples are found today with torn bellows.

Early model

The original Semi Lyra was introduced in mid-1936 and has no body release.[1] It was sometimes called Semi Lyra I (セミライラⅠ型) after the introduction of the model II.[2] The early model has a leather handle over the back latch. The first examples have no red window cover, and the back logo is embossed so as to be read with the camera held in a vertical position.

In an advertisement dated December 1936 by the distributor Yamamoto Shashinki-ten,[3] the camera was offered with f/6.3, f/4.5 or f/3.5 lens, respectively for ¥35, ¥43 and ¥58. No further detail is given.

The September 1937 advertisement in Asahi Camera lists four versions, of which the first three were probably the same as previously mentioned:[4]

  • Pionar f/6.3 lens, Picco shutter, ¥35;[5]
  • Terionar f/4.5 lens, Noblo shutter, ¥43;[6]
  • Terionar f/3.5 lens, Noblo shutter, ¥58;[7]
  • Goldar f/3.5 lens, Noblo shutter, ¥70.[8]

The Goldar lens probably has four elements: a Goldar 75/3.5 lens was advertised as such with the original Lyra Flex.[9]

31788419357_a7e75684bf_m_d.jpg 46005338334_5859be7dbe_m_d.jpg 46729973031_9a3c250bee_m_d.jpg
Original Semi Lyra, Fuji-kō Anastigmat Terionar 75mm f/3.5 lens no.44328, Noblo shutter, T, B, 5–200 speeds.
Pictures by Sharon Riehl. (Image rights)

Both the Picco and the Noblo shutters are everset. The Picco gives T, B, 25, 50, 100 speeds and also equips the Baby Lyra. The Noblo gives T, B, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 speeds. The aperture scale is at the bottom of the shutter plate. The shutter plate has the name NOBLO or Picco in cursive letters at the top, and a logo on the right reading Fk inside a circle (surely for Fuji Kōgaku), meant to look like the FD logo of the Compur shutter.

Added body release, Fujikō shutters

39764999923_b222f30499_m_d.jpg 46011172714_021734cd45_m_d.jpg 39770848223_d82ee66d36_m_d.jpg
46011229404_aeb16de5bc_t_d.jpg 39770891653_c6e3a178c8_t_d.jpg 46011266234_068f86ea2f_t_d.jpg 46011285164_be3711e5e7_t_d.jpg 46011307694_c5c12b4ec9_t_d.jpg 46736126031_ca4259524c_t_d.jpg
New Semi Lyra, Fujikō B shutter (T, B, 5–250), Terionar f/4.5 lens no.61008.
Pictures by eBayer nanitescs. (Image rights)

The New Semi Lyra (新型セミライラ) or Semi Lyra II (セミライラⅡ型) was released at the end of 1937.[10] It has a body release added to the left of the viewfinder. At the same time, a horizontally sliding cover was added for the red windows, and the back logo was rotated so as to be read with the camera held in the horizontal position.

Two new shutter types were introduced, the Fujikō B (T, B, 5–250) and the Fujikō A (T, B, 1–300), both with a setting lever. The shutter plates are black, marked FUJIKŌ at the top and FUJIKŌGAKU at the bottom. The aperture scale is placed above the shutter housing. The early examples have an additional release lever mounted on the front of the shutter housing.

8545966018_9509ca6ca2_m_d.jpg
Anastigmat Terionar 1:3.5 75mm Lens
in Fujikō B Shutter
image by Hans Kerensky (Image rights)

The advertisement in Ars Camera December 1937 only lists the following two combinations:[11]

  • Terionar f/4.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter (¥60);
  • Terionar f/3.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter (¥70).

The Goldar f/3.5 lens was reportedly advertised with the Fujikō B shutter in April 1938.[12]

It seems that the Fujikō A was only introduced some months later. The September 1938 advertisement in Asahi Camera gives the same price for the versions with Fujikō B, and adds two versions with the Fujikō A:[13]

  • Terionar f/4.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter (¥70);
  • Terionar f/3.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter (¥80).

The model with no body release was still available. It is called ordinary model (普通型) in the same September 1938 advertisement, with f/4.5 lens (¥52) or f/3.5 lens (¥62). At least one example of the Semi Lyra has been observed with a Fujikō B shutter with front-mounted release lever and no body release; that particular camera has the older type of back latch, and corresponds to the ordinary Semi Lyra sold after the introduction of the Fujikō shutters.[14]

Newer back latch

The back latch was replaced around 1939 by a newer part consisting of a long sliding bar with no handle. The front-mounted release lever of the Semi Lyra II certainly disappeared at the same time.[15]

An advertisement dated December 1939 has four versions of the Semi Lyra I and four of the Semi Lyra II:[16]

  • Semi Lyra I, f/6.3 lens, Picco shutter, ¥44;
  • Semi Lyra I, f/4.5 lens, Picco shutter, ¥50;
  • Semi Lyra I, f/4.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, ¥58;
  • Semi Lyra I, f/3.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, ¥68;
  • Semi Lyra II, f/4.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, ¥67;
  • Semi Lyra II, f/3.5 lens, Fujikō B shutter, ¥77;
  • Semi Lyra II, f/4.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter, ¥78;
  • Semi Lyra II, f/3.5 lens, Fujikō A shutter, ¥88.

The list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941 mentions four versions of the Semi Lyra II, called "Semi Lyra II L" (¥74), "Semi Lyra II Y" (¥85), "Semi Lyra II R" (¥88) and "Semi Lyra II E" (¥98), and four versions of the Semi Lyra I, called the "Semi Lyra I L" (¥53), "Semi Lyra I Y" (¥62), "Semi Lyra I R" (¥74) and "Semi Lyra I E" (¥85).[17] They certainly correspond to the eight combinations described above. The names form the word "L-Y-R-E" in ascending price order and this is certainly not casual.

The actual examples of the Semi Lyra II observed so far all have the Fujikō B shutter and Terionar lens, and no picture of the other versions has yet been found.

The Semi Lyra F and J

The Semi Lyra F (セミライラＦ型) was released at the end of 1940.[18] It has the new Fujikō F shutter giving T, B, 1–200 speeds and a Terionar lens. It always has the new type of back latch with no handle. The shutter plate is usually yellowish with black markings, but it perhaps also exists in black with white markings. These markings are almost the same as on the previous Fujikō shutters, except that FUJIKŌ at the top is written in two parts: FUJ and IKŌ, with an arrow between both.

The Semi Lyra F was already mentioned in the January 1941 official price list cited above, in two versions called "Semi Lyra F L" (¥88) and "Semi Lyra F R" (¥98), certainly with f/4.5 and f/3.5 lens respectively.[19] These two versions were offered in advertisements dated May 1941 and July 1942:[20]

  • Terionar f/4.5 lens (¥88 in 1941, ¥101 in 1942);
  • Terionar f/3.5 lens (¥98 in 1941, ¥112 in 1942).

The official price list dated November 1941 has a "Semi Lyra J L" and a "Semi Lyra J Y", along with the "Semi Lyra F L" and "Semi Lyra F R".[21] These models certainly have the Fujikō J shutter, the same as the Fujikō F with an added self-timer, also mounted on the Lyra Six J and Lyra Flex J.

The Semi Lyra F and J are mentioned with the Terionar f/3.5 lens in the April 1943 government inquiry on Japanese camera production.[22] The camera was advertised in Shashin Bunka until June 1943.[23] The Semi Lyra J is still listed in an advertisement by Banno Toyoji Shōten dated February 1944.[24]

Actual examples of the Semi Lyra F have only been observed with the f/3.5 lens so far.[25] All have the yellowish shutter plate and the Fuji–kō Anastigmat Terionar lens engraving, with a lens number under 120000. On the Lyra Six F and Lyra Flex F, the lens engraving was changed to Fuji–kō Terionar between lens no.120000 and no.126000 and the yellowish shutter plate was replaced by a black one at the same time. This perhaps also applied to the Semi Lyra F.

After the war, a different camera also called Semi Lyra was made by Katsuma Kōgaku, see Semi Lyra (postwar).

Aftermarket conversions

Several aftermarket conversions were offered by Japanese workshops. The Sun film stop is an auto-stop device, advertised by Yamashita Yūjirō Shōten in January 1939, and described in the page about Yamashita. It was available for the Semi Lyra and other similar cameras, such as the Super Ikonta, Ikonta, Nettar, Welta Perle, Semi Prince and Semi Minolta. In 1943, rangefinder conversions were offered by Hakkōdō for the Semi Lyra and various other copies of the Ikonta or Nettar (see this page).

Notes

  1. ↑ The first advertisement mentioned by Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.342, is dated June 1936. The same source says that the camera was featured in the new products column of the August 1936 issue of Asahi Camera.
  2. ↑ Semi Lyra I: advertisement on the second cover of Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin, December 15, 1939, reproduced on p.34 of Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku.
  3. ↑ Advertisement published in Sunday Mainichi (13 December 1936), formerly reproduced in the Gochamaze (archived) website.
  4. ↑ Advertisement reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi in two parts, p.100.
  5. ↑ This version has not yet been observed. Tanaka, p.78 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no.8, says that the f/6.3 lens is called Terionar but this is probably a mistake.
  6. ↑ This version is pictured in Omoide no supuringu-kamera-ten, p.15, and has been observed in online auctions.
  7. ↑ This version is pictured in Sugiyama, item 1162, and has been observed in online auctions.
  8. ↑ This version has not yet been observed.
  9. ↑ Advertisement for the Lyra Flex in Ars Camera March 1938, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.101.
  10. ↑ The first advertisement mentioned by Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.342, is dated November 1937. The same source says that the camera was featured in the new products column of the December 1937 issue of Asahi Camera.
  11. ↑ Advertisement reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.100.
  12. ↑ Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.342. The same source also mentions the Picco shutter for the Semi Lyra II, but this is certainly a mistake: the Picco shutter is everset, only has one release lever at the top and is not well suited to a body release.
  13. ↑ Advertisement in Asahi Camera September 1938, observed in an online auction.
  14. ↑ Example observed in an online auction.
  15. ↑ Compare for example Sugiyama items 1163 and 1164.
  16. ↑ Advertisement on the second cover of Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin, December 15, 1939, reproduced on p.34 of Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku.
  17. ↑ "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku", type 3, sections 2, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A.
  18. ↑ Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.342, says that it was featured in the new products column of the October 1940 issue of Asahi Camera.
  19. ↑ "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku", type 3, sections 6A and 7A.
  20. ↑ May 1941: advertisement for the Lyra range published in Shashin Bunka, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.100. July 1942: advertisement published in Asahi Graph (29 July 1942), formerly reproduced in the Gochamaze (archived) website.
  21. ↑ "Kamera no kōtei kakaku kanpō happyō", November 1941, type 3, sections 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B.
  22. ↑ "Kokusan shashinki no genjōchōsa" ("Inquiry into Japanese cameras"), items 48–9. In the available reproduction of the document, the Semi Lyra J is simply called "Semi Lyra", the Fujikō J shutter is called "Fujikō I" and its self-timer is not mentioned, certainly by mistake (shutter item 18-P-22). The Fujikō J shutter is confirmed to have a self-timer in an advertisement dated May 1941 reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.100.
  23. ↑ Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.342.
  24. ↑ Advertisement on the back cover of Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin, February 15, 1944, reproduced on p.78 of Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku.
  25. ↑ See for example Sugiyama, item 1165. This camera has also been observed in various online auctions.

Bibliography

  • Asahi Camera (アサヒカメラ) editorial staff. Shōwa 10–40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10–40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935–1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Items 292–4. (See also the advertisement for item 164.)
  • "Kamera no kōtei kakaku kanpō happyō" (カメラの公定価格官報発表, Official announcement of the set prices of the cameras), November 1941. Extract of a table listing Japanese camera production and setting the retail prices, reproduced in "Bebī Semi Fāsuto 'Kore ha bebī wo nanotta semi-ki da'" (ベビーセミファースト"これはベビーを名乗ったセミ機だ", Baby Semi First, 'this is a Semi camera called Baby'), an article by Furukawa Yasuo (古川保男) in Camera Collectors' News no. 277 (July 2000). Nishinomiya: Camera Collectors News-sha. P. 27. Type 3, sections 6A, 6B, 7A and 7B.
  • "Kokusan shashinki no genjōchōsa" (国産写真機ノ現状調査, Inquiry into Japanese cameras), listing Japanese camera production as of April 1943. Reproduced in Supuringu kamera de ikou: Zen 69 kishu no shōkai to tsukaikata (スプリングカメラでいこう: 全69機種の紹介と使い方, Let's try spring cameras: Presentation and use of 69 machines). Tokyo: Shashinkogyo Syuppan-sha, 2004. ISBN 4-87956-072-3. Pp.180–7. Items 48–9.
  • "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku" (国産写真機の公定価格, Set prices of the Japanese cameras), listing Japanese camera production as of October 25, 1940 and setting the retail prices from December 10, 1940. Published in Asahi Camera January 1941 and reproduced in Shōwa 10—40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10〜40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935—1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Pp.108—9. Type 3, sections 2, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A.
  • McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). P.328 (pictures a Semi Lyra F).
  • Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin (日本写真興業通信). Hyaku-gō goto jūkai no kiroku (百号ごと十回の記録, Ten records, every hundred issues). Tokyo: Nihon Shashin Kōgyō Tsūshin Sha (日本写真興業通信社), 1967. No ISBN number. Advertisements on p.34, corresponding to the second cover of the December 15, 1939 issue, and on p.78, corresponding to the back cover of the February 15, 1944 issue.
  • Omoide no supuringu-kamera-ten (思い出のスプリングカメラ展, Exhibition of beloved self-erecting cameras). Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 1992. (Exhibition catalogue, no ISBN number.) P.15.
  • Sugiyama, Kōichi (杉山浩一); Naoi, Hiroaki (直井浩明); Bullock, John R. The Collector's Guide to Japanese Cameras. 国産カメラ図鑑 (Kokusan kamera zukan). Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1985. ISBN 4-257-03187-5. Items 1162–5.
  • Tanaka Masao (田中政雄). "Sonota no nihon no supuringu-kamera" (その他の日本のスプリングカメラ, "Other Japanese folding cameras"). Kamera Rebyū: Kurashikku Kamera Senka (カメラレビュー クラシックカメラ専科) / Camera Review: All about Historical Cameras no.8, September 1986. No ISBN number. Supuringu kamera (スプリングカメラ, special issue on spring cameras). Pp.76–80.

Links

General links

In Japanese:

Fuji Kōgaku cameras (edit)
prewar and wartime models postwar models
3×4 4×6.5 subminiature 4×4 subminiature
Baby Lyra | Baby Lyra Flex | Baby Balnet Dianette | Pionette Lyravit Balnet Four Comex
4.5×6 6×6 6×9 4.5×6 6×6
Bakyna | Semi Lyra | Lyrax Lyra Six | Lyra Flex Lyra (6×9) Semi Lyra | Pioneer Lyra Six | Lyraflex
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