SL System
SL System (where SL stands for Schnell Lade in German or Speed Loading in English) was an eastern block derivative of the Agfa Rapid system. The SL System was created for wide masses of amateur photographers, who'd like take pictures quickly and easily, without entering into technical aspects of operating a camera.
The system was built around a new SL cassette, patterned after the Agfa original. The SL cassette was made of plastic, did not have a spool and was loaded with some 56-60 cm[1] of a standard 35 mm perforated film, what was enough for 12 pictures of the 24x36 mm size, 18 pictures 24x24 mm or 24 pictures 18x24 mm. This quantity was considered sufficient for daily use of an average amateur, what allowed frequent film changing, hence quick developing of taken pictures and possibility of switching between different film types more often. The SL system used two cassettes - the film was transported from original factory cassette into a second, empty one, in which it was taken out from the camera, with no need for rewinding. Due to spoolless cassettes, SL system cameras were easier to load than usual 35 mm cameras of that time as there was no need to fix the film at the take-up spool; one just needed to put beginning of the film into the receiving cassette slot. Some SL cameras however, as the Certo SL 110, used one cassette only and the film needed to be rewound.
SL system films were made by the ORWO company in Wolfen, GDR. The production range included e.g. NP 15 and NP 20 black and white panchromatic films (the numbers refer to film speed in DIN units), NP 27 black and white superpanchromatic film, UT 18 and UT 20 color slides for daylight, UK 17 color slide for tungsten light, as well as NC 19 color negative. SL cameras could also be loaded with original Agfa Rapid cassettes.[2]
Cameras offered in the SL system were designed as maximally easy and intuitive to use viewfinder compact cameras. The most simple and the cheapest cameras - as the Certo SL 100 - were intended for beginners and children, thus did not have practically any control of exposure parameters. More advanced models, e.g. Certo SL 110, Beirette SL 200 as well as the Soviet Smena SL, offered more or less control over the camera, while suggestive symbols placed on their shutter speed, aperture and distance scales helped in estimating settings appropriate for given shooting conditions - e.g. drawings of sun, light clouds or heavy clouds for exsposure and a portrait, a group of people or a building for distance etc. The most advanced SL models offered semiautomatic (Penti II, Beirette Electric SL 400) or fully automatic (e.g. Pentacon electra) exposure control.
Prices of SL cameras in the DDR in early 1970 varied from 20 to 200 Mark, depending of model and so anyone could buy a camera appropriate for one's financial possibilities or photographic skills. The SL-System did not become very popular though and died slowly somewhere in the 1980s, giving field to modern automatized compact cameras.
Cameras of the SL System:
- Beirette SL 100
- Beirette SL 100N
- Beirette SL 200
- Beirette SL 300
- Beirette electric SL 400
- Certo SL 100
- Certo SL 101 color
- Certo SL 110
- LOMO Smena SL
- Pentacon electra
- Pentacon electra 2
- Penti
- Penti II
- Pouva Start SL 100 later renamed as Beirette SL 100
Notes
Sources
- Büttner G.: SL-System; VEB Fotokinoverlag, Leipzig, 1975.
- Wurst W.: Fotobuch für Alle; VEB Fotokinoverlag, Leipzig, 1979.
