Difference between revisions of "Adler"
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|image=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/358453265/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://farm1.static.flickr.com/141/358453265_e31cdb693c_m_d.jpg]<br>''Picture courtesy of Dave Metcalfe. {{with permission}}'' | |image=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/358453265/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://farm1.static.flickr.com/141/358453265_e31cdb693c_m_d.jpg]<br>''Picture courtesy of Dave Metcalfe. {{with permission}}'' | ||
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| − | ''This page | + | ''This page mostly deals with the 4.5×6 models, except for one camera which might be 6×6. See also the [[Baby Rosen, Rosen Four and Adler Four|Adler Four]] (4×4 model), the [[Adler Six]] (6×6 model) and the [[Vest Alex and Vest Olympic|Vest Adler]], a possible name variant of the 4×6.5 Vest Olympic.'' |
The '''Adler'''<REF> The name "Adler" was clearly used to demonstrate Japan's alliance with Germany. During the war period, Riken often used such names (they also sold a [[Heil]] camera), or other "patriotic" names. </REF> (アドラー) are a series of folding cameras sold from 1938 by Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō (now [[Ricoh]]), or by its depending company<!-- May we say "subsidiary"? (Hoary) — I don't know the exact relationship between the two companies (Rebollo_fr) --> Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō. They were not made by Riken itself but bought to other manufacturers.<REF> Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14, and various pages of the Ricoh official website (listed below). </REF> A number of 4.5×6 models exist, all of them vertical folders. | The '''Adler'''<REF> The name "Adler" was clearly used to demonstrate Japan's alliance with Germany. During the war period, Riken often used such names (they also sold a [[Heil]] camera), or other "patriotic" names. </REF> (アドラー) are a series of folding cameras sold from 1938 by Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō (now [[Ricoh]]), or by its depending company<!-- May we say "subsidiary"? (Hoary) — I don't know the exact relationship between the two companies (Rebollo_fr) --> Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō. They were not made by Riken itself but bought to other manufacturers.<REF> Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14, and various pages of the Ricoh official website (listed below). </REF> A number of 4.5×6 models exist, all of them vertical folders. | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
* Adler A (¥90); | * Adler A (¥90); | ||
* Adler B (¥65); | * Adler B (¥65); | ||
| − | * Adler III (¥75). | + | * Adler III (¥75); |
| + | * [[Baby Rosen, Rosen Four and Adler Four|Adler IIII]] (¥65); | ||
| + | * [[Adler Six|Adler VI]] (f/4.5: ¥90, f/3.5: ¥100). | ||
It is said that the various Adler models listed in this document were sold by distance sale, with 10-month credit loans.<REF> Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF> | It is said that the various Adler models listed in this document were sold by distance sale, with 10-month credit loans.<REF> Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF> | ||
| Line 25: | Line 27: | ||
* Adler C (¥85). | * Adler C (¥85). | ||
| − | The Adler CII was offered in an advertisement dated January 1941, with a four-element 75/3.5 lens, T, B, 5–150 speeds and a body release which automatically retracts inside the body when the folding bed is closed.<REF> Advertisement published in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p. 65. </REF> The latter feature is typical of the [[Semi First and First Six|BB Semi First]], and perhaps of the [[Semi First and First Six|U Semi First]] as well. It is thus probable that the Adler CII is a rebadged variant of these cameras. | + | The Adler CII was offered in an advertisement by [[Ricoh|Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō]] dated January 1941, with a four-element 75/3.5 lens, T, B, 5–150 speeds and a body release which automatically retracts inside the body when the folding bed is closed.<REF> Advertisement published in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p. 65. </REF> The latter feature is typical of the [[Semi First and First Six|BB Semi First]], and perhaps of the [[Semi First and First Six|U Semi First]] as well. It is thus probable that the Adler CII is a rebadged variant of these cameras. |
The official price list dated November 1941 has an Adler B and an Adler CII.<REF> {{Kakaku1141_short}}, type 3, sections 4A and 5B. </REF> | The official price list dated November 1941 has an Adler B and an Adler CII.<REF> {{Kakaku1141_short}}, type 3, sections 4A and 5B. </REF> | ||
| Line 34: | Line 36: | ||
Some Adler cameras are rebadged versions of the [[Collex]]. They have scissor struts inspired by the [[Zeh]] [[Goldi]] 3×4 camera, a tubular optical finder and two red windows in the back, protected by sliding covers, to control the film advance. | Some Adler cameras are rebadged versions of the [[Collex]]. They have scissor struts inspired by the [[Zeh]] [[Goldi]] 3×4 camera, a tubular optical finder and two red windows in the back, protected by sliding covers, to control the film advance. | ||
| − | At least one of these cameras is known with the name ''Adler A'' embossed in the front leather.<REF> Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF> It has a Peerless shutter | + | At least one of these cameras is known with the name ''Adler A'' embossed in the front leather.<REF> Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF> It has a Peerless shutter and the speeds are engraved on the rim in the order 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, B, T. The lens is reported as an Adler Anastigmat 7.5cm f/3.5. Another example is known with the same lens and an Automat shutter (5–150, B, T).<REF> Example pictured in {{Sugiyama}}, item 1028, called "Adler Semi". The leather covering is probably not original and has no inscription. </REF> A third example is known with the same lens and a [[Rulex]] shutter (5–200, B, T) by [[Neumann & Heilemann]].<REF> Example pictured in [http://rd2h-ari.hp.infoseek.co.jp/JA_ADLER_B_PIC.htm this page at Japan Family Camera], called "Adler B" for no apparent reason. </REF> |
According to {{Kokusan}}, probably based on the October 1938 article in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', the Adler A has a tubular finder, a Ukas 75/3.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–200).<REF name="Kokusan 334"> {{Kokusan}}, p. 334. [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adler.html This page] of the Ricoh official website disagrees on various points, but it does not seem very reliable on the Adler models. </REF> The lens name was probably switched at some time from Ukas (the same lens name as the [[Olympic]] cameras) to Adler. | According to {{Kokusan}}, probably based on the October 1938 article in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', the Adler A has a tubular finder, a Ukas 75/3.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–200).<REF name="Kokusan 334"> {{Kokusan}}, p. 334. [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adler.html This page] of the Ricoh official website disagrees on various points, but it does not seem very reliable on the Adler models. </REF> The lens name was probably switched at some time from Ukas (the same lens name as the [[Olympic]] cameras) to Adler. | ||
| Line 50: | Line 52: | ||
{{br}} | {{br}} | ||
== Baldax copies == | == Baldax copies == | ||
| + | A copy of the small [[Baldax]] model (for #00 size shutters) is pictured in {{Sugiyama}} as an "Adler III".<REF> {{Sugiyama}}, item 1030. </REF> It has a Ukas Anastigmat 75/4.5 lens and a Heil shutter (5–200, B, T). It does not seem to have any marking identifying it as an Adler, and it looks exactly the same as the original [[Heil]] camera, except for the shape of the standing leg. It might thus be a misidentified example of the Heil. | ||
| − | + | According to {{Kokusan}}, probably based on the October 1938 article in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', the Adler III has a body release, an Adler 75/4.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–200).<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p. 334. </REF> Tanaka says that the Adler III is a copy of the large [[Baldax]] model (for #0 size shutters), rebadged version of the [[Victor folders|Semi Victor]], with an Adler 75/4.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–150).<REF> Tanaka, p. 17 of {{KKS}} no. 14. [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerIII.html This page] of the Ricoh official website repeats the same information except for the shutter name Rulex, but it shows a picture of a Perle copy and is not very reliable. </REF> | |
| − | + | A copy of the large [[Baldax]] model was advertised in Britain as the '''Semi Adler''', together with various [[Olympic]] cameras.<REF> Advertisement for the Olympic and Semi Adler, published in the 1938 edition of the ''British Photography Journal Almanac'', probably published in late 1937, pp. 694–5. </REF> The advertisement was inserted in the 1938 issue of the ''British Photography Journal Almanac'' by Asahi Bussan, the distributor of the Olympic, and it does not mention Riken. The camera might be a rebadged version of the [[Victor folders|Semi Victor]]. It has a folding optical finder placed to the left (as seen by the photographer holding the camera vertically), opposite the film advance, and it has no body release. The name ''Adler'' is embossed in the front leather. The lens is a Ukas f/4.5 and the shutter, advertised as "Olympic System", gives T, B, 150, 100, 50, 25 speeds. The shutter plate is inscribed ''N<small>EW</small> O<small>LYMPIC</small>'' at the top and has the ''AB'' logo of Asahi Bussan at the right, the same as on some [[Olympic]] models. The same advertisement says that shutters with T, B, 1–250 speeds and f/3.5 lenses could be supplied on request. | |
| − | + | A copy of the large [[Baldax]] model has been observed with the name ''ADLER C'' embossed in the front leather.<REF> Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of {{KKS}} no. 14. The same picture is reproduced in small size in [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerCII.html this page] of the Ricoh official website, where the camera is called "Adler CII" for no apparent reason. </REF> Its body release and folding optical finder are placed to the right (as seen by the photographer holding the camera vertically), on the same side as the advance knob. This arrangement is the reverse of the Baldax and most Japanese copies, but is the same as on the [[Semi Rody]], of which the Adler C is perhaps a rebadged variant. On the observed example, the lens is a Solar 7.5cm f/3.5, engraved ''Solar 1:3.5 f=7.5cm Riken Kogaku Oozi N°26953'', probably because it was made in the Ōji (王子) plant of [[Ricoh|Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō]]. The shutter is a Peerless and the speeds are engraved on the rim in the order T, B, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200. | |
| − | + | The example described in [http://www.photoethnography.com/ClassicCameras/index-frameset.html?RikenAdlerC.html~mainFrame this page at Photoethnography] reportedly has the same lens and shutter equipment, and is probably identical. | |
| − | + | == Perle copy == | |
| + | At least one Adler camera is known with a body copied on the [[Welta]] [[Perle]], certainly provided by [[Petri|Kuribayashi]], the same as on the [[Semi First and First Six]].<REF> Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of {{KKS}} no. 14. A small version of the same picture is reproduced in [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerIII.html this page] of the Ricoh official website, but it does not fit with the text of the page. </REF> It has round body edges and no body release, as the early Semi First and First Six. The name ''Adler'' is embossed in the front leather, the lens is an Adler Anastigmat 75/4.5 and the shutter is a Peerless, giving 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, B, T speeds engraved in that order. | ||
| − | + | This example oddly has the square-format viewfinder of the First Six. Its internal picture format is not known for sure, but it is probably 6×6. This camera might correspond to the Adler VI listed in the 1938 document cited above. | |
| − | + | As said above, a January 1941 advertisement for the Adler CII mentions a retractible body release, a feature which probably corresponds to the [[Semi First and First Six|U Semi First]] by [[Petri|Kuribayashi]]. | |
| − | + | == Conclusion == | |
| − | + | From the documents and surviving examples presented above, a conjectural chronological sequence can be drawn. It seems that the earliest Adler model was the Semi Adler, a rebadged [[Victor folders|Semi Victor]] already assembled by Asahi Bussan in late 1937. The next models would be the Adler A (a rebadged [[Collex]]), Adler B (a rebadged [[Semi Lucky]]), Adler III (an unknown model), [[Baby Rosen, Rosen Four and Adler Four|Adler IIII]] (a rebadged [[Baby Rosen, Rosen Four and Adler Four|Rosen Four]]) and Adler VI (a rebadged [[Semi First and First Six|First Six]]), all released in 1938. The Ukas lenses of the early examples would be gradually replaced by Adler lenses. The Adler C (a rebadged [[Semi Rody]]) would be added later. The Adler A and C would disappear in 1941, replaced by the Adler CII (a rebadged [[Semi First and First Six|U Semi First]]). A completely different [[Adler Six]] (perhaps a rebadged [[Pilot Six]]) would appear somewhere between 1940 and 1942. | |
| − | A | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
Revision as of 22:54, 6 July 2007
This page mostly deals with the 4.5×6 models, except for one camera which might be 6×6. See also the Adler Four (4×4 model), the Adler Six (6×6 model) and the Vest Adler, a possible name variant of the 4×6.5 Vest Olympic.
The Adler[1] (アドラー) are a series of folding cameras sold from 1938 by Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō (now Ricoh), or by its depending company Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō. They were not made by Riken itself but bought to other manufacturers.[2] A number of 4.5×6 models exist, all of them vertical folders.
Contents
Original documents
A 1938 document by Riken lists the following Adler cameras:[3]
- Semi Adler (¥60);
- Adler A (¥90);
- Adler B (¥65);
- Adler III (¥75);
- Adler IIII (¥65);
- Adler VI (f/4.5: ¥90, f/3.5: ¥100).
It is said that the various Adler models listed in this document were sold by distance sale, with 10-month credit loans.[4]
The Adler A, Adler B and Adler III were also featured in the new products column of the October 1938 issue of Asahi Camera, where they were perhaps attributed to Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō.[5]
The Adler cameras were mentioned in an advertisement dated February 1939 for ¥60 and more.[6]
The official list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941 has many models:[7]
- Semi Adler (¥62);
- Adler A (¥85);
- Adler AII at two places (¥85 and ¥98);
- Adler B (¥74);
- Adler C (¥85).
The Adler CII was offered in an advertisement by Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō dated January 1941, with a four-element 75/3.5 lens, T, B, 5–150 speeds and a body release which automatically retracts inside the body when the folding bed is closed.[8] The latter feature is typical of the BB Semi First, and perhaps of the U Semi First as well. It is thus probable that the Adler CII is a rebadged variant of these cameras.
The official price list dated November 1941 has an Adler B and an Adler CII.[9]
It seems that none of these documents shows a picture of the Adler models. The descriptions below are based on the observed surviving examples. It would be logical that the various names correspond to the different bodies, but nothing is clearly known. It might be that the model names and prices were dictated by the lens and shutter equipment, mounted on whichever body was available.
Rebadged Collex
Some Adler cameras are rebadged versions of the Collex. They have scissor struts inspired by the Zeh Goldi 3×4 camera, a tubular optical finder and two red windows in the back, protected by sliding covers, to control the film advance.
At least one of these cameras is known with the name Adler A embossed in the front leather.[10] It has a Peerless shutter and the speeds are engraved on the rim in the order 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, B, T. The lens is reported as an Adler Anastigmat 7.5cm f/3.5. Another example is known with the same lens and an Automat shutter (5–150, B, T).[11] A third example is known with the same lens and a Rulex shutter (5–200, B, T) by Neumann & Heilemann.[12]
According to Kokusan kamera no rekishi, probably based on the October 1938 article in Asahi Camera, the Adler A has a tubular finder, a Ukas 75/3.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–200).[13] The lens name was probably switched at some time from Ukas (the same lens name as the Olympic cameras) to Adler.
Ikonta copy
Picture courtesy of Dave Metcalfe. (Image rights)
Some Adler cameras are Ikonta copies. They have a folding optical finder, a body release and an advance key. They might be rebadged Semi Lucky, supplied by Fujimoto.[14]
Three examples have been observed, all of them having a Perfekt shutter (5–250, B, T) by Neumann & Heilemann and an Adler Anastigmat f/4.5 lens.[15] One of them, pictured in this page, has the name Adler B embossed in the front leather.
According to Kokusan kamera no rekishi, probably based on the October 1938 article in Asahi Camera, the Adler B has a body release, a Ukas 75/4.5 lens and a Fiskus shutter (T, B, 25–150).[13]
Baldax copies
A copy of the small Baldax model (for #00 size shutters) is pictured in Sugiyama as an "Adler III".[16] It has a Ukas Anastigmat 75/4.5 lens and a Heil shutter (5–200, B, T). It does not seem to have any marking identifying it as an Adler, and it looks exactly the same as the original Heil camera, except for the shape of the standing leg. It might thus be a misidentified example of the Heil.
According to Kokusan kamera no rekishi, probably based on the October 1938 article in Asahi Camera, the Adler III has a body release, an Adler 75/4.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–200).[17] Tanaka says that the Adler III is a copy of the large Baldax model (for #0 size shutters), rebadged version of the Semi Victor, with an Adler 75/4.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–150).[18]
A copy of the large Baldax model was advertised in Britain as the Semi Adler, together with various Olympic cameras.[19] The advertisement was inserted in the 1938 issue of the British Photography Journal Almanac by Asahi Bussan, the distributor of the Olympic, and it does not mention Riken. The camera might be a rebadged version of the Semi Victor. It has a folding optical finder placed to the left (as seen by the photographer holding the camera vertically), opposite the film advance, and it has no body release. The name Adler is embossed in the front leather. The lens is a Ukas f/4.5 and the shutter, advertised as "Olympic System", gives T, B, 150, 100, 50, 25 speeds. The shutter plate is inscribed NEW OLYMPIC at the top and has the AB logo of Asahi Bussan at the right, the same as on some Olympic models. The same advertisement says that shutters with T, B, 1–250 speeds and f/3.5 lenses could be supplied on request.
A copy of the large Baldax model has been observed with the name ADLER C embossed in the front leather.[20] Its body release and folding optical finder are placed to the right (as seen by the photographer holding the camera vertically), on the same side as the advance knob. This arrangement is the reverse of the Baldax and most Japanese copies, but is the same as on the Semi Rody, of which the Adler C is perhaps a rebadged variant. On the observed example, the lens is a Solar 7.5cm f/3.5, engraved Solar 1:3.5 f=7.5cm Riken Kogaku Oozi N°26953, probably because it was made in the Ōji (王子) plant of Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō. The shutter is a Peerless and the speeds are engraved on the rim in the order T, B, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200.
The example described in this page at Photoethnography reportedly has the same lens and shutter equipment, and is probably identical.
Perle copy
At least one Adler camera is known with a body copied on the Welta Perle, certainly provided by Kuribayashi, the same as on the Semi First and First Six.[21] It has round body edges and no body release, as the early Semi First and First Six. The name Adler is embossed in the front leather, the lens is an Adler Anastigmat 75/4.5 and the shutter is a Peerless, giving 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, B, T speeds engraved in that order.
This example oddly has the square-format viewfinder of the First Six. Its internal picture format is not known for sure, but it is probably 6×6. This camera might correspond to the Adler VI listed in the 1938 document cited above.
As said above, a January 1941 advertisement for the Adler CII mentions a retractible body release, a feature which probably corresponds to the U Semi First by Kuribayashi.
Conclusion
From the documents and surviving examples presented above, a conjectural chronological sequence can be drawn. It seems that the earliest Adler model was the Semi Adler, a rebadged Semi Victor already assembled by Asahi Bussan in late 1937. The next models would be the Adler A (a rebadged Collex), Adler B (a rebadged Semi Lucky), Adler III (an unknown model), Adler IIII (a rebadged Rosen Four) and Adler VI (a rebadged First Six), all released in 1938. The Ukas lenses of the early examples would be gradually replaced by Adler lenses. The Adler C (a rebadged Semi Rody) would be added later. The Adler A and C would disappear in 1941, replaced by the Adler CII (a rebadged U Semi First). A completely different Adler Six (perhaps a rebadged Pilot Six) would appear somewhere between 1940 and 1942.
Notes
- ↑ The name "Adler" was clearly used to demonstrate Japan's alliance with Germany. During the war period, Riken often used such names (they also sold a Heil camera), or other "patriotic" names.
- ↑ Tanaka, p. 16 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14, and various pages of the Ricoh official website (listed below).
- ↑ "Riken kontserun geppō" (理研コンツエルン月報), quoted in Tanaka, p. 16 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14.
- ↑ Tanaka, p. 16 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14.
- ↑ Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p. 334, attributes the Adler A, B and III to Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō, apparently after the October 1938 article.
- ↑ Advertisement published in Sunday Mainichi (26 February 1939), reproduced in the Gochamaze website.
- ↑ Template:Kakaku1940 short, type 3, sections 3A, 4A, 5A, 7A.
- ↑ Advertisement published in Asahi Camera, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p. 65.
- ↑ "Kamera no kōtei kakaku kanpō happyō", November 1941, type 3, sections 4A and 5B.
- ↑ Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14.
- ↑ Example pictured in Sugiyama, item 1028, called "Adler Semi". The leather covering is probably not original and has no inscription.
- ↑ Example pictured in this page at Japan Family Camera, called "Adler B" for no apparent reason.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p. 334. This page of the Ricoh official website disagrees on various points, but it does not seem very reliable on the Adler models.
- ↑ This is suggested in Tanaka, p. 16 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14.
- ↑ Example pictured in Sugiyama, item 1029, example pictured in McKeown, p. 828, and example pictured in this page.
- ↑ Sugiyama, item 1030.
- ↑ Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p. 334.
- ↑ Tanaka, p. 17 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14. This page of the Ricoh official website repeats the same information except for the shutter name Rulex, but it shows a picture of a Perle copy and is not very reliable.
- ↑ Advertisement for the Olympic and Semi Adler, published in the 1938 edition of the British Photography Journal Almanac, probably published in late 1937, pp. 694–5.
- ↑ Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14. The same picture is reproduced in small size in this page of the Ricoh official website, where the camera is called "Adler CII" for no apparent reason.
- ↑ Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of Kurashikku Kamera Senka no. 14. A small version of the same picture is reproduced in this page of the Ricoh official website, but it does not fit with the text of the page.
Bibliography
- Asahi Camera (アサヒカメラ) editorial staff. Shōwa 10–40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10–40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935–1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Items 4–7. (See also the advertisement for item 53.)
- "Kamera no kōtei kakaku kanpō happyō" (カメラの公定価格官報発表, Official announcement of the set prices of the cameras), November 1941. Extract of a table listing Japanese camera production and setting the retail prices, reproduced in "Bebī Semi Fāsuto 'Kore ha bebī wo nanotta semi-ki da'" (ベビーセミファースト"これはベビーを名乗ったセミ機だ", Baby Semi First, 'this is a Semi camera called Baby'), an article by Furukawa Yasuo (古川保男) in Camera Collectors' News no. 277 (July 2000). Nishinomiya: Camera Collectors News-sha. P. 27. Type 3, sections 4A and 5B.
- Template:Kakaku1940 Type 3, sections 3A, 4A, 5A and 7A.
- McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). P. 828.
- Sugiyama, Kōichi (杉山浩一); Naoi, Hiroaki (直井浩明); Bullock, John R. The Collector's Guide to Japanese Cameras. 国産カメラ図鑑 (Kokusan kamera zukan). Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1985. ISBN 4-257-03187-5. Items 1028–30.
- Tanaka Masao (田中政雄). "Rikō kamera no nagare" (リコーカメラの流れ, Evolution of the Ricoh cameras). Kamera Rebyū: Kurashikku Kamera Senka (カメラレビュー クラシックカメラ専科) / Camera Review: All about Historical Cameras no.14, October 1989. No ISBN number. Rikō kamera no subete (リコーカメラのすべて, special issue on Ricoh). Pp. 8–11.
- Tanaka Masao (田中政雄). "Senzen no kamera 2: Supuringu kamera" (戦前のカメラ2・スプリングカメラ, Prewar cameras 2: folding cameras). Kamera Rebyū: Kurashikku Kamera Senka (カメラレビュー クラシックカメラ専科) / Camera Review: All about Historical Cameras no.14, October 1989. No ISBN number. Rikō kamera no subete (リコーカメラのすべて, special issue on Ricoh). Pp. 16–9.
- The British Journal Photographic Almanac 1938, edited by Arthur J. Dalladay, published by Henri Greenwood & Co., Ltd., London. Advertisement on pp. 694–5.
Links
In English:
In Japanese:
- Ricoh camera list at the Ricoh official website, with:
- Adler B page and repair notes at Japan Family Camera
- Advertisement for the Riken camera range (on the left) published in the 26 February 1939 issue of Sunday Mainichi, reproduced in the camera company page of the Gochamaze website
| Asahi Bussan and Riken prewar and wartime cameras () | ||
|---|---|---|
| rigid or collapsible | ||
| Vest Adler | Gokoku | Semi Kinsi | Letix | Olympic | New Olympic | Regal Olympic | Semi Olympic | Super Olympic | Vest Olympic | Riken No.1 | Ricohl | Roico | Seica | Zessan | ||
| folders | pseudo TLR | TLR |
| Semi Adler | Adler III | Adler A | Adler B | Adler C | Adler Four | Adler Six | Gaica | Heil | Kinsi | Chukon Ref | Ricohflex | Ricohflex B |
