Difference between revisions of "User:Heritagefutures/WorkSpace3"

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{{WIP}}
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==Helios 44 ==
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{|class=floatright
 
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{{Flickr_image
 
{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/wboisen/5034923691/in/pool-camerawiki/
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| image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20429889789/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4129/5034923691_9238980ab9.jpg
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|image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/689/20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_align = right
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|image_text= 9x12cm, Alpin with [[Kollinear]] III 6.8/132mm
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|image_text= Lens schematic of the Helios-44 f/2 58mm
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|image_by= willboy2010
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|image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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|image_rights= with permission
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|image_rights= with permission
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}}
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}}  
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|}
 
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The  '''Alpin'''<ref> Spelled 'Alpine' in U.S. advertisements</ref> are horizontal folding bed plate cameras made by [[Voigtländer]] (Braunschweig/Germany) from 1907 to 1928.<ref>Still listed in  Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch.</i> St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 124-125.—No longer included in the 1930 Voigtländer catalogue ('''Sein Stolz, eine Voigtländer''.'  Nr 2308/430. Braunschweig: Voigtländer & Sohn.</ref> The cameras had double and later triple extension bellows. A ''Teletubus'' with 2½× magnification could be mounted inside the unfolded camera. Tourists liked the camera because it was quite compact when folded; provided a horizontal format suitable for landscapes and group photographs'  and it was made of light metal. It was produced in two plate sizes (9x12 and 10x15, the latter for panorama and stereo imagery) and offered in a wide variety of lens combinations.
 
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The design of the [[Voigtländer]] Alpin influenced other camera manufacturers to create similar cameras. A close copy of the second version is [[Konica | Rokuoh Sha's]]'  [[Neat Lily| horizontal Lily ]]  which was offered from 1916 to 1930. Similar developments are the [[Ica]] Toska 9x12 and (10 x 15, panorama & stereo 1914), the [[Bentzin]] Rechteck Primar (10 x 15 stereo, ~1912),  and the [[Laack]] ¶¶ (9x12 and stereo).
 
−
check Neat Lily end date of offering in my Rokuoh Sha Catalogues.
 
−
 
−
see also this so far unidentified French horizontal folding bed camera (mine):
 
−
  possibly a German body (note the focussing wheel INSIDE the front plate
 
−
  has French-supplied Berthiot Special 105mm f/4.5 (sn # 502651) in  Gitzo 2R  shutter
 
−
  http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/5464782666/
 
−
 
−
==9x12 format==
 
−
The rectangular front standard of the camera has a flat upper and lower margin and allows for rise and fall. Lateral movements are no enabled.
 
−
 
−
The camera has two tripod sockets, one on the base and one on the left hand side of the camera.
 
−
 
−
DISCUSS spelling [[Kollinear]] vs [[Collinear]]
 
−
 
−
  Find these refs:
 
−
  BJA 1906, p. 1370B;
 
−
  BJA 1907, pp. 904, 1347;
 
−
  BJA 1909, p. 1119;
 
−
  BJA 1910, p. 1068;
 
−
  BJA 1912, p. 1076;
 
−
  BJA 1913, pp. 740, 1098;
 
−
  BJA 1925, p. 746.
 
−
 
−
  Müller, Klaus-D.  (XXXX) ''Voigtländer & Sohn  Optische Anstalt Braunschweig. Objektive und Apparate 1840 - 1939''. Photographica Bibliothek vol. 3, p. 186, 187, 249
 
−
  The Camera vol. 18, p. 753
 
−
 
−
===Version 1, 1905-07===
 
−
This model has a pop-up [[Viewfinder#Newton finder|Newton finder]] at the top left, which, when folded down, is fully inside the casing.  The finder frame is quadrangular with a thin cross-hair etched in. There appears to be no aiming device at the rear of the camera.
 
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Normal extension only ?
 
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−
comment that the inside of the folding bed is exposed metal and ornamented with a pattern
 
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−
  CHECK ACCURATE WHEN FOLDED DOWN< ASK
 
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The first version introduced in 1905  carried the name of the camera between (German-style) quotation marks („Alpin”) at the top left of the front standard, and the name and place of the manufacturer at the top right as a two-line inscription  (Voigtländer, | Braunschweig).
 
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&#8222;Alpin&#8221;  normal script and Voigtländer | Braunschweig normal script 
 
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.8 12cm    (sn 83546) in Koilos    lens date:1906  [http://www.flickr.com/photos/bergheil/5845605220/ Kazutaka Tsutsui on Flickr]; see also [http://www.h3.dion.ne.jp/~bergheil/ClassicCameras/alpin01.html Alpin]
 
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.8 12cm              in Koilos                    [http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/1715165 Breker March 2006, Lot 122]
 
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.3 12cm              in Compound                  http://camerascollection.blogspot.com.au/2011/03/voigtlander-alpin.html
 
−
    Voigtländer Cooke Linse    (sn 90101) in Koilos    lens date:1907  http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/888527 Breker April 2005 Lot 231 (red bellows)
 
 
   
 
   
 +
[[Helios]]-44 (Гелиос-44) is a series of standard lenses for SLR cameras, produced from 1949? until 1992 (2001?) in the Soviet Union by [[KMZ]], [[MMZ]], and by [[Valdai]]. The Helios-44 is it is considered to be one of most mass-produced lenses in the world. The lens is based on the [[Carl Zeiss]]  Biotar f/2 58mm design.<ref>At the beginning the lens was to be called "БТК" - "БиоТар Красногорский" (BioTar Krasnogorski).</ref> The Helios-44 f/2 58mm is a  6-element anastigmat, which over the duration of its production  was available in both single-coated and multi-coated versions. Helios-44 is has a strong aberration at the margins, resulting in a characteristic 'swirl' which is reminiscent of [[Petzval]] lenses.
  
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====Lens options====
+
The nomenclature of all bar the first (silver-cased) Helios lenses follows the formula 'Helios-44X-N', where X -is the index of lens mount (M for [[M42]] thread, K for [[K mount | Pentax K]] bayonet, Д for [[Zenit]]-D bayonet) and N is a optical resolution index 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (the higher number the higher is an optical resolution of lens).
−
The first version of the Alpin was offered with three focal lengths, 120mm, 135mm and 150mm, all set in either B&L Automat, [[Compound]] or [[Koilos]] shutters:
 
  
−
'''120mm'''
 
−
* [[Collinear]] f/6.3 120mm
 
−
* Dynar f/5.5 120mm
 
−
* Triple Anastigmat f/7 120mm
 
−
'''135mm'''
 
−
* [[Collinear]] f/6.3 135mm
 
−
* Dynar f/5.5 135mm
 
−
* Triple Anastigmat f/7 135mm
 
−
**in [[Koilos]] shutter<ref>Seen in a Polish on-line auction July 2009.</ref>
 
−
'''150mm'''
 
−
* Dynar f/5.5 150mm 
 
−
* Triple Anastigmat f/7 150mm
 
  
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{{WIP}}
 
  
−
===Version 2, 1908-28===
+
====Technical Specifications====
−
The camera has a fold-up [[Viewfinder#Newton finder|Newton finder]] at the top left, which, when folded down, is external, but flush with the casing. The top of the finder frame has a an apex, while the glass has  red cross-hairs etched in. The leather hand strap, with an embossed 'Voigtländer' name tag, is at the right hand side of the body. The fold-out cover for the focussing screen is embossed „Alpin”.  The catch for the front door is released by pressing a button on the top plate. The second extension is moved via a large focussing wheel at the right fore edge of the fold-down front door. This model was produced until 1928.<ref>No longer included in the 1930 catalogue ('''Sein Stolz, eine Voigtländer''.'  Nr 2308/430. Braunschweig: Voigtländer & Sohn.</ref>
 
  
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====Sales History====
 
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Based on available catalogues and advertisements in journals and newspapers, the ''Alpin''  was formally distributed in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the USA, and ¶¶.The distribution structure is not fully clear, but it would appear that from 1911 to about 1926 Voigtländer handled its own distribution of the ''Alpin'' rather than relying of major local distributors. Indeed, the situation in France was sich that Voigtländer was apparently not stocked by the main French camera houses until 1927/28 <ref>The only exception are the irregular listings of the [[Voigtländer]] Stereoflektoscop.</ref>. Thus there are no listings for the ''Alpin'' in the catalogues of any of the major Paris retailers such as Omnium-Photo, Photo-Hall, Photo-Plait, Photo-Sport or Tiranty. The only French listings of the ''Alpin'' that could be found occurred pre World War I, contained in the catalogue of the  mail order house ''Manufacture Français d'Armes et Cycles de Saint-Ètienne''<ref>''Manufacture Français d'Armes et Cycles de Saint-Ètienne'' 1908, p. 587; 1909, p. 475; 1910, p. 526.</ref>
 
  
−
 
−
PRICES (for endnotes)
 
−
 
−
GERMANY
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 12cm in Koilos:'''
 
−
      1912–RMk 230 (1912 Advertisement);
 
−
  '''Dynar f/5.5 135mm in Koilos:'''
 
−
      1912–RMk 205 (1912 Advertisement);
 
−
 
−
UNITED KINGDOM
 
−
  '''Dynar f/5.5 4&frac34;inch [=12cm] in [[Compound]]:'''
 
−
          1910–£10/5
 
−
          1914–£10/5
 
−
  '''Dynar f/5.5 5 3/8inch [=13.5cm] in [[Compound]]:'''
 
−
          1910–£10/15
 
−
          1914–£10/15
 
−
  '''Dynar f/5.5 15cm  in [[Compound]]:'''
 
−
          1910–£11/5
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 4&frac34;inch [=12cm] in [[Compound]]:'''
 
−
          1910–£11/14
 
−
          1914–£11/10
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 12cm in [[Koilos]]:'''
 
−
          1910–£11/14 (
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 5&frac14;inch [=13.5cm] in [[Compound]]:'''
 
−
          1910–£12/4
 
−
          1914–£12
 
−
    Sources: 1910–''Photographic Cameras, Lenses and Accessories'' [Catalogue] 1910 Voigtländer & Sohn AG [Printed by Curis & Beanish, Coventry], p. 85; 1914–''British Journal Almanac'' 1914, p. 1119;
 
−
 
−
USA
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 in [[Koilos]]:'''
 
−
      1908–US$ 60 ([http://www.flickr.com/photos/captainspaulding/4349802504  ''Burr McIntosh Monthly'' (New York), vol. 18 nº 69, December 1908]).—
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 in [[Compur]]:'''
 
−
      19xx—US$ 75 ([http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/8089263932 Advertisement Motion Picture Apparatus Co, New York])
 
−
  '''[[Heliar]] f/4.5 135mm in [[Compur]]:'''
 
−
      19xx—US$ 80  ([http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/8089263932 Advertisement Motion Picture Apparatus Co, New York])
 
−
 
−
FRANCE
 
−
    '''[[Collinear]] f/6.3 in [[Koilos]]:'''
 
−
        1908 & 1909–FFrancs 263; 1910–FFrancs 300
 
−
    '''Dynar f/5.5 135mm in [[Koilos]]:'''
 
−
        1908 & 1909–FFrancs  220; 1910–FFrancs  258
 
−
    Sources 1908-1910: ''Catalogue Manufacture Français d'Armes et Cycles de Saint-Ètienne'' 1908, p. 587; 1909, p. 475; 1910, p. 526.—
 
−
 
−
SWITZERLAND
 
−
  '''[[Kollinear]] III f/6.8 132mm in [[Compur]]:'''
 
−
      1927–CHF 276
 
−
  '''Dynar f/5.5 135mm in [[Compur]]:'''
 
−
        1927–CHF 264
 
−
  '''[[Heliar]] f/4.5 135mm in [[Compur]]:'''
 
−
        1927–CHF 294
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] Satzanastigmat with 6 different focal lengths f/7 to f/12.5:'''
 
−
        1927–CHF 366
 
−
  Sources: 1927–Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch.</i> St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 124
 
  
−
The new Alpin was first advertised in the German press in 1909.
+
Focal Distance: 58mm (may vary in reality).<br>
 +
Aperture Range: ƒ/2 - ƒ/16 (ƒ/22)<br>
 +
Optical Formula: 6 elements in 4 groups.<br>
 +
Angle of View: 40°28<br>
 +
Geometric Vignetting: 58%
  
−
====Variants====
 
−
Three lettering variations of the front standard have been observed:<ref>The dating of the three lettering variants is based primarily on an analysis of the observed [[Voigtländer serial numbers | serial numbers of the lenses]].</ref><br>
 
−
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Lettering Type A:''' normal script: &#8222;Alpin&#8221;  at left  and Voigtländer  (with 'Braunschweig' below) at right (1907-1909)<br>
 
−
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Lettering Type B:''' running script horizontal: &#8222;Alpin&#8221;  at left and Voigtländer (with top swirl from the 'r' ) at right  (1906–1914)<br>
 
−
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Lettering Type C:''' running script set at 30&deg; inclination: &#8222;Alpin&#8221;  at left and Voigtländer (with top swirl from the 'r' ) at right (1914–1930)
 
  
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Lettering types A and B seem to run concurrent, at least in the early part, with the lens serial numbers intermingled. It is possible that these lettering types represent cameras marketed for German-speaking countries (type A)  and the rest of the world (type B).<ref>The rational for this assumption is that Type A also carries the town name 'Braunschweig' which is the spelling in German-speaking countries (i.e. Germany, Austria and part of Switzerland) while it is spelled 'Brunswick' in both French and English.</ref> It can be surmised that the special lettering was dropped in favour of a universal labelling.
 
  
 +
{{br}}
  
 +
The arrangement of the focussing helicoid as well as the aperture selector ring differs between models. In the table below, the arrow &#8592; indicates the direction the aperture control ring needs to be turned to increase the ƒ-stops.
  
−
&#8222;Alpin&#8221; normal script and Voigtländer | Braunschweig normal script 
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" style="margin: 0.5em 2em; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse;" |
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.3 132mm  (sn  99071) in Compound  lens date:1908  eBay 320965243662 (August 2012)
+
! <br><br>Model || <br><br>Maker || Lens <br> Mount || <br><br>Weight || Number of <br>Aperture <br>Blades || Minimum <br>Focusing <br>Distance || <br>Maximum <br>Aperture ||<br> Filter <br>Diameter || Resolution <br> center/edge <br> lines/mm || <br>Trans-<br>mittance || <br>Color <br>Formula || <br>Sequence<br> (from lens face) || <br><br>References
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.3 132mm  (sn 101698) in Compur    lens date:1909  eBay 120953995217 (July 2012)
+
|-
−
    Dynar f/6  12cm            (sn  88592) in Koilos    lens date:1907  [http://voigtlander.pagesperso-orange.fr/anglais/alpinA.htm Pierre Dalger]
+
| Helios-44 (Start) || [[KMZ]] || [[Start (SLR) | Start]] || 230g || 13 || 0.7m || ƒ/16 || M40.5x0.5|| 35/14 || .81 || 10-0-1.5|| focus, ƒ&#8592; ||
−
+
|-
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&#8222;Alpin&#8221;  running script horizontal, and Voigtländer running script horizontal
+
| Helios-44 || [[KMZ]] || [[ LTM]] || 230g || 13 || 0.5m || ƒ/22 <br> ƒ/16 || M49.5x0.75 || 35/14 || || || ƒ&#8594; , DoF, focus||<ref> For photo series see discussion thread [https://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/19959251503/ for this image]</ref>
−
    '''C'''ollinear IIInº2 f/6.8 4&frac34;inch  (sn  84424) in Koilos      lens date:1906  eBay 200800224776 (August 2012) with US Patent nº
+
|-
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.8 12cm      (sn 101422) in Koilos      lens date:1908  eBay 350485857317 (September 2011)
+
| || [[KMZ]] || [[ Arri PL]] || 230g || 13 || 0.5m || ƒ/22 <br> ƒ/16 || M49.5x0.75 || || || ||ƒ&#8594; , DoF, focus ||
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.8 4&frac34;inch    (sn 105058) in Compound    lens date:1909  [http://www.flickr.com/photos/bergheil/5845614600/ Kazutaka Tsutsui via Flickr]
+
|-
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.8 132mm      (sn  98496) in Compound    lens date:1908  [http://www.auction2000.se/auk/w.Object?inC=FHR&inA=12052007&inO=424 Photo Rahn Photographica Auction 5 Lot 424]
+
| || [[KMZ]] || [[ LTM]] || 230g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/22 <br> ƒ/16 || M49.5x0.75 || || || ||ƒ&#8594; , DoF, focus ||
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.8 132mm      (sn 103198) in Compound    lens date:1909  [http://www.flickr.com/photos/wboisen/5034923691/ W Boisen via Flickr]
+
|-
−
    Dynar f/5.5 12cm              (sn  84815) in B&L Automat lens date:1906  http://www.earlyphotography.co.uk/site/entry_C301.html
+
| || [[MMZ]] || [[LTM]] || ¶g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || M49x0.75|| || || ||ƒ&#8594; , focus ||<ref>Seen on eBay sn/6012651, English labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'.</ref>
−
 
+
|-
−
&#8222;Alpin&#8221;  running script 30&deg; inclination, and Voigtländer with top swirl from the 'r' running script 30&deg; inclination
+
| Helios-44-2 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 230g || 13 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || M49x0.75 || 38/20 || 0.82 || 10-0-1.5 || ƒ&#8594; , focus|| <ref> Manufactured from 1971 by [[KMZ]] and [[MMZ]], in 1974 production moved to Jupiter Optics [[Valdai]], in 1982/83 production moved back to to [[MMZ]]</ref>
−
    Heliar f/4.5 13.5cm        (sn 169120) in Compur  lens date: 1921  http://www.cinci.de/einzel/59.html
+
|-
−
    Heliar f/4.5 13.5cm        (sn 176778) in Compur  lens date: 1922  ebay  Feb 2012
+
| Helios-44-7 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 350g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || M49x0.75 || 36/17 || 0.80 || 10-0-1.5 || ||
−
    Heliar f/4.5 13.5cm        (sn 189992) in Compur  lens date: 1922  [http://www.flickr.com/photos/bergheil/5845612450/  Kazutaka Tsutsui via Flickr]
+
|-
−
    Heliar f/4.5 13.5cm                    in Compur                  http://retronom.hu/node/22412
+
| Helios-44-M || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || ¶g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || || || || focus, ƒ&#8594; ||
−
    '''K'''ollinear II.2 f/5.4 4&frac34;inch (sn 127131) in Compur  lens date: 1914  eBay 350589311980 (August 2012)
+
|-
−
    '''C'''ollinear III f/6.3 12cm                in Compur                  http://camerascollection.blogspot.com.au/2011/03/voigtlander-alpin.html
+
| Helios-44M-3 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 300g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || 38/19 || 0.80 || 10-0-1.5 || ƒ&#8594; , focus||
−
    '''K'''ollinear III f/6.8 132mm  (sn 134783) in Compur  lens date: 1915  [http://www.auction2000.se/auk/w.Object?inC=LP&inA=07-04-22&inO=191 Fotoauktioner Auktion 26, October, 2012, Lot 191]
+
|-
−
    '''K'''ollinear III f/6.8 132mm  (sn 138148) in Compur  lens date: 1916  http://www.cinci.de/einzel/101.html
+
| Helios-44M-4 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 300g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || 38/19 || 0.80 || 10-0-1.5 || focus, ƒ&#8594; ||
−
    '''K'''ollinear III f/6.8 132mm  (sn 140305) in Compur  lens date: 1917  http://www.cinci.de/einzel/101.html
+
|-
−
    '''K'''ollinear III f/6.8 132mm  (sn 161564) in Compur  lens date: 1921  ebay 180864519313 (April 2012)
+
| Helios-44-N || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || ¶g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || || || || ||
−
    [[Collinear]] III f/6.8 132mm              in Compur                  eBay 270910952019 (February 2012)
+
|-
−
    Voigtar f/6.3 10.5cm <ref>Seen in an on-line auction, Yahoo Japan, October 2012</ref>
+
| Helios-44X-N || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || ¶g || 6 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || M52x0.75 || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| MC Helios-44K-4 ||[[KMZ]] || [[K-mount | Pentax K]] || 300g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || 42/21 || 0.85 || 11-0-0 || focus, ƒ&#8594; ||
 +
|-
 +
| MC Helios-44M-3 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 300g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || || 0.85 || 11-0-0 || ƒ&#8594; , focus||
 +
|-
 +
| MC Helios-44M-4 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 300g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || 41/20 || 0.85 || 11-0-0 || ||
 +
|-
 +
| MC Helios-44M-5 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 270g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || 41/20 || 0.85 || 11-0-0 || focus, ƒ&#8594; ||
 +
|-
 +
| MC Helios-44M-6 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 270g || 8 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || || 45/25 || 0.90 || 11-0-0 || focus, ƒ&#8594; ||
 +
|-
 +
| MC Helios-44M-7 || [[KMZ]] || [[M42]] || 270g || 6 || 0.5m || ƒ/16 || M52x0.75 || 50/30 || 0.90 || 11-0-0 || focus, ƒ&#8594; ||
 +
|}
  
−
  Goerz (Berlin) Dagor 130 mm lens ebay 370341407741 April 2010
+
====Typology of the silver-barrelled Helios-44 lenses (early versions)====
 +
{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20622183195
 +
|image= http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5631/20622183195_3fca4835a3_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= right
 +
  |image_text= Lens schematic of the Helios-44 f/2 58mm
 +
|image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
 +
|image_rights= with permission
 +
}}
  
−
{{WIP}}
+
The early Helios lenses are housed in aluminium barrels. Reputedly, the serial numbers of the early Helios lenses are structured according to the following pattern:<ref>[http://forum.mflenses.com/a-word-about-russian-serial-numbers-t3332.html | A Word about Russian Serial Numbers]</ref><br>
 +
000xxxx factory test (study) models, prototypes etc..<br>
 +
00xxxxx models reserved for members of the communist party and other "VIPs" .<br>
 +
0xxxxxx reserved for factory syndicat leaders.
 +
All lenses with a '0', '00' and '000' prefix reputedly underwent higher quality control.
  
−
====Lens options====
+
Additional variations exist in the representation of the serial number prefixes. Observed have been <b>N</b> and <b>N&#186;</b>, whereby the 'N" appears on some of the earlier models.
−
This version of the ''Alpin'' was offered in various focal ranges, broadly speaking 120mm, 135mm and 150mm, all set in [[Compound]],  [[Koilos]] or [[Compur]] shutters:
+
=====Helios 44 (Start)=====
 +
Mechanically, the Helios lens for the [[Start]] SLR differs from all other Helios-44 lenses inasmuch as the focussing ring is up front and the aperture selector at the rear. Moreover, the lens for the Start lacks the preset function of the other early models. Aperture selection with f-stops increasing in clockwise motion.
 +
*<b>Type 1</b>— f-stops to f/22; bezel text that spells out '1:2 F=5,8cm' with a Cyrillic P (<font color="red">Π</font>) in red, silver front bezel ring. Released 1958.<ref>Seen on eBay: sn/
 +
0005085 (with Start body #5904339); 
 +
0005292 (with Start body #6317417); 
 +
0014131; 
 +
0014167 (with Start body #6100790);  
 +
0016442 </ref>
  
−
'''120mm'''
+
*<b>Type 2</b>— f-stops to f/16; bezel text "2/58"  and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by [[KMZ]] <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/
−
* [[Collinear]] f/6.3 120mm
+
0043802 (with Start body #6388722);
−
* Dynar f/5.5 120mm
+
0051838
−
** in [[Bausch & Lomb]] [[Automat]] shutter
+
0052784 (with Start body #6120968);
−
* Dynar f/6 120mm
+
0057844 (with Start body #6112545); 
−
**in [[Koilos]] shutter<ref>[http://voigtlander.pagesperso-orange.fr/anglais/alpinA.htm Pierre Dalger]</ref>
+
0063978 (with Start body #6114645); 
−
* Triple Anastigmat f/7 120mm
+
0060810 (with Start body #6114785);
 +
0069922;
 +
0075924 (with Start body #6119536); 
 +
0101830 (with Start body #6315633);
 +
0121214 (with Start body #6226892);
 +
</ref>
  
−
'''4&frac34;inch''' (120.5 mm)
+
=====Helios-44  ([[LTM]])=====
−
*[[Kollinear]] II.2 f/5.4 4&frac34;inch
+
Pre-set prime lens. The fixed lens stops have with audible clicks, while the stop-down ring (to check the depth of field) allows for a smooth contraction of the diaphragm. Aperture selection with f-stops increasing in counter-clockwise motion (differs from the Helios version used on the Start)..
 +
*<b>Type 1</b>—pre-set lens with f-stops to f/22; bezel text that spells out '1:2 F=5,8cm' with a Cyrillic P (<font color="red">Π</font>) in red, silver front bezel ring, sn 000xxxx–0017xxx. Initially used for the [[KMZ]][[Kristall_(KMZ) | Kristall]] released in 1961 and the [[KMZ]] [[Zenit 3M]].
 +
*<b>Type 2</b>— pre-set lens with f-stops to f/16
 +
:''Type 2a''—bezel text that spells out '1:2 F=5,8cm' with a Cyrillic P (<font color="red">Π</font>) in red, and a silver front bezel ring, sn 0016xxx <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/0016709; 0018687, 0023907</ref>
  
−
'''132mm'''
+
:''Type 2b''—bezel text "2/58"  and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by [[KMZ]]  
−
*[[Kollinear]] III f/6.8 132mm
+
::Type 2bi— Cyrillic labelling, ring, sn 0073xxx– <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/0068221; 0059418; 0158550; 0275085 </ref>
−
**in [[Koilos]] shutter<ref>''Catalogue Manufacture Français d'Armes et Cycles de Saint-Ètienne'' 1908, p. 587; 1909, p. 475; 1910, p. 526 (catalogue page depicted in the catalogue section of  the [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=21124 Alpin entry] at Sylvain Halgand's site).</ref>
+
::Type 2bii—Latin labelling
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. St. Gallen</i> (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 124.</ref>.
+
::Type 2biii—Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/0120173 </ref>
  
−
'''135mm'''
+
:''Type 2c''—bezel text "2/58"  and  'black' front bezel ring, 13-blade diaphragm produced by [[KMZ]] until the late 1950s, sn –0225xxx
−
* Dynar f/5.5 135mm
+
::Type 2ci— Cyrillic labelling<ref>Seen on eBay: sn/0030453, 0127713</ref>
−
**in [[Koilos]] shutter<ref>''Catalogue Manufacture Français d'Armes et Cycles de Saint-Ètienne'' 1908, p. 587; 1909, p. 475; 1910, p. 526 (catalogue page depicted in the catalogue section of  the [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=21124 Alpin entry] at Sylvain Halgand's site).</ref>
+
::Type 2cii—Latin labelling <ref>Photographica Collection Dirk HR Spennemann sn/0085902; 0205436</ref>
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch.</i> St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 124.</ref>.
+
::Type 2ciii—Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. <ref > Seen on eBay: sn/0120173 </ref>
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 135mm
 
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch.</i> St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 124.</ref>.
 
−
* Triple Anastigmat f/7 135mm
 
  
−
'''150mm'''
+
:''Type 2d''—bezel text "2/58"  and 'black' front bezel ring,  8-blade diaphragm, produced by [[KMZ]] until the late 1950s, sn 024447x–
−
* Dynar f/5.5 150mm  
+
::Type 2di—Cyrillc labelling, <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/02887790 </ref>
−
* Triple Anastigmat f/7 150mm
+
::Type 2di—Cyrillc labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/0275083</ref>
−
'''Varied'''
+
::Type 2diIi—Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/0254198, 0275083</ref>
−
* [[Collinear]] Satzanastigmat with 6 different focal lengths f/7 to f/12.5<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch.</i> St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 124.</ref>.
 
  
−
In addition, an ''Alpin'' was observed fitted with a  Voigtar f/6.3 10.5cm,<ref>Seen in an on-line auction, Yahoo Japan, October 2012</ref> which is most likely a post-market modification with a lens and shutter unit salvaged from a [[Bessa]].
+
:''Type 2e''—bezel text "2/58"  and  black front bezel ring, 8-blade diaphragm, produced by [[MMZ]] until the mid 1960s<ref>[[MMZ]] lenses with serial numbers beginning with "N40xxx", "N50xxx" or "N60xxx" were most likely made in 1964, 1965 and 1966 (first number of sn very likely stands for the year of 196x decade).</ref>
 +
::Type 2ei— Cyrillic labelling, sn 50xxxxx–60xxxxx <ref>Seen on eBay: sn/5011275 ; 5014399; 5038818</ref>
 +
::Type 2eii— Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR,' sn 50xxxxx–60xxxxx <ref >Seen on eBay: sn/6002494 (on [[Zenit]]3M); 6012651, 6024306.</ref>
  
−
===Version 3, Alpin Rapid (~1925)===
+
=====Helios-44-2 ([[M42]])=====
−
Protoype.<ref>From the former Voigtländer-Museum in Braunschweig. [http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/2453153 Breker September 2006, Lot 175]; [http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/voigtlander-alpin-rapid-,-c.-1925-127-c-fbb27362ac  Breker Mach 2009, Lot 127]</ref> A camera with red, single extension bellows. The fold-down front bed has a deep recess to allow for the bulging Skopar in Turbo Shutter. The  canera has red spirit-filled bubble levels on top and on left side. An expandable waist-level viewfinder mounted on the top of the camera. Fitted with Anastigmat Skopar f/4.5 13.5cm in Voigtländer Turbo Shutter
+
:<b>Type 1</b>— pre-set lens with bezel text "2/58" and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by [[Valdai]]
 +
::Type 1a— Cyrillic labelling<ref> Seen on eBay: sn/8708916</ref>
 +
::Type 1b— Latin labelling <ref> Seen on eBay: sn/79220381; 80003408; 81276436; 81293022</ref>
  
−
==10 x15 format==
+
:<b>Type 2</b>— pre-set lens with bezel text "2/58"  and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by [[MMZ]] <ref> Seen on eBay: sn/7654512.</ref>
−
Soon after the introduction of the 9x12 model, Voigtländer realised that there was a market for a wider format, more suitable for landscapes and group photographs. In consequence, the 10 x 15 version was introduced.
 
  
  
−
The camera has a fold-up [[Viewfinder#Newton finder|Newton finder]] in the center, which, when folded down, is external, but flush with the casing. The top of the finder frame has an apex, while the glass shows etched-in red cross-hairs.
+
{|class=plainlinks align=center
 +
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 +
{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20429889789/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/689/20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
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|image_align= center
 +
|image_text=
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|image_by=
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 +
}}
 +
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 +
{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/19994020694/in/pool-camerawiki
 +
|image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/695/19994020694_8fcaa82d90_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text=
 +
|image_by=
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|image_rights=
 +
}}
 +
|| {{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/581/20623213781/in/pool-camerawiki
 +
|image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/581/20623213781_c08b944446_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text=
 +
|image_by=
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|image_rights=
 +
  }}
 +
|-
 +
|colspan=3 align="center"|
 +
{{Flickr_image_caption
 +
|image_text= [[KMZ]]-produced Helios-44 f/2 58mm for [[Start]] SLR
 +
|image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
 +
|image_rights= with permission
 +
}}
 +
|}
  
−
  no text on front board
 
−
  central section of front standard has a curved higer section. Rotating disc?
 
  
−
  10x15
+
{|class=plainlinks align=center
−
  no text on front board
+
||
−
  [[Collinear]] f/6.3        (sn  97983) in [[Compound]] lens date: 1907  [http://www.christies.com/lotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=624580 Christies Sale 7145, March 1996, Lot 337]
+
  {{Flickr_image
−
  [[Collinear]] f/6.3  16.5cm (sn 132247) in [[Compur]]    lens date: 1914 http://www.blende-und-zeit.sirutor-und-compur.de/thread.php?board=1&thread=5
+
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20429889789/in/pool-camerawiki
−
  [[Collinear]] f/12.5 15cm  (sn 618505)              lens date:~1930 [http://www.westlicht-auction.com/index.php?id=8131&acat=8131&_ssl=off Westlicht nº 4, November 2003, Lot 360]
+
  |image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/689/20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text=
 +
|image_by=
 +
|image_rights=
 +
}}
 +
||
 +
{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/19994020694/in/pool-camerawiki
 +
  |image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/695/19994020694_8fcaa82d90_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text=  
 +
|image_by=
 +
|image_rights=
 +
}}
 +
|| {{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/581/20623213781/in/pool-camerawiki
 +
  |image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/581/20623213781_c08b944446_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text=
 +
|image_by=
 +
|image_rights=
 +
}}
 +
|-
 +
|colspan=3 align="center"|
 +
{{Flickr_image_caption
 +
|image_text= [[KMZ]]-produced Helios-44 f/2 58mm Type 2cii
 +
|image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
 +
|image_rights= with permission
 +
}}
 +
|}
  
−
 
−
===Version 1, 1908-26===
 
−
====Lens options====
 
−
The camera was offered in three focal lengths, 165mm, 180mm and 210mm, all set in either  [[Compound]] or [[Koilos]] shutters:
 
  
−
'''165mm'''
+
{|class=plainlinks align=center
−
* [[Collinear]] f/6.3 165mm
+
||
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter
+
{{Flickr_image
−
* Dynar f/5.5 165mm 
+
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20429889789/in/pool-camerawiki
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 165mm
+
|image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/689/20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
−
'''180mm'''
+
|image_align= center
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 180mm
+
|image_text= Lens Bezel Type ¶¶¶
−
'''210mm'''
 
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 210mm
 
−
'''Varied'''
 
−
* [[Collinear]] Satzanastigmat with 6 different focal lengths
 
  
−
===Version 2, 1926-28===
+
|image_by=
−
====Lens options====
+
|image_rights=
−
The camera was offered as a 'postcard' camera in three focal length, 165mm, 180mm and 210mm, all set in [[Compound]] or [[Compur]] shutters:
+
}}
−
 
+
  ||
−
  Prices
+
  {{Flickr_image
−
  SWITZERLAND
+
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/19994020694/in/pool-camerawiki
−
  [[Collinear]] f/6.3 165mm in [[Compur]]
+
  |image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/695/19994020694_8fcaa82d90_n.jpg
−
      1927: CHF 404 
+
  |image_align= center
−
Dynar f/5.5 165mm in [[Compur]]
+
|image_text= Lens Bezel Type ¶¶¶
−
      1927: CHF 390
+
|image_by=
−
[[Heliar]] f/4.5 165mm in [[Compur]]
+
|image_rights=
−
      1927: CHF 442
+
}}
−
[[Heliar]] f/4.5 180mm in [[Compur]]
+
|| {{Flickr_image
−
      1927: CHF 462
+
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/581/20451767028/in/pool-camerawiki
−
[[Heliar]] f/4.5 210mm in [[Compound]]
+
|image=http://farm1.staticflickr.com/767/20451767028_98f84a5c7b_n.jpg
−
      1927: CHF 526
+
  |image_align= center
−
[[Collinear]] Satzanastigmat with 6 different focal lengths, f.6.3 to f/12.5
+
  |image_text=Lens Bezel Type 2cii
−
      1927: CHF 492 ().—
+
|image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
−
  Sources: 1927—Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch.</i> St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125
+
|image_rights= with permission
−
 
+
}}
−
  UNITED KINGDOM
+
  |-
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/5.5 15cm [=6 inch] in [[Compound]]:'''
+
|colspan=3 align="center"|
−
          1910–£17/10 (Voigtländer Catalogue 1910, p. 88);
+
{{Flickr_image_caption
−
          1914–£15/5 (British Journal Almanac 1914, p. 1119);
+
|image_text= Lens Bezel inscriptions of [[KMZ]]-produced Helios-44 f/2 58mm
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''165mm'''
 
−
* [[Collinear]] f/6.3 165mm
 
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. </i>St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125.</ref>.  
 
−
* Dynar f/5.5 165mm  
 
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. </i>St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125.</ref>.
 
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 165mm
 
−
**in [[Compur]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. </i>St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125.</ref>.
 
−
'''180mm'''
 
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 180mm
 
−
**in [[Compur]]<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. </i>St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125.</ref>.
 
−
'''210mm'''
 
−
* [[Heliar]] f/4.5 210mm
 
−
**in [[Compound]] shutter<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. </i>St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125.</ref>.
 
−
'''Varied'''
 
−
* [[Collinear]] Satzanastigmat with 6 different focal lengths, f.6.3 to f/12.5<ref> Hausamann & Co (1927) <i>Hand- und Preisbuch. </i>St. Gallen (Switzerland): Hausamann & Co. p. 125.</ref>.
 
−
 
 
−
{{WIP}}
 
−
 
 
−
==10x15 format Stereo==
 
−
The stereo version became available in 1911 and was offered until the end of production in 1928.<ref>No longer included in the 1930 catalogue ('''Sein Stolz, eine Voigtländer''.'  Nr 2308/430. Braunschweig: Voigtländer & Sohn.</ref>
 
−
  It came in two versions, the pure stereo with dual lens an shutters and a three-lens version that allowed to take both stereo and (via a centrally placed lens) also panorama images. The body of the stereo camera was the same as that of the 10 x 15 format camera, with the exception that the stereo camera had a light tight partition to allow for two exposures (removable in the case of the three-lens version).
 
−
 
 
−
Double Lens:<br>
 
−
Two [[Collinear]] f/6.3 105mm in Stereo Compur shutter for the stereo option.
 
−
 
 
−
Triple Lens:<br>
 
−
Two [[Collinear]] f/6.3 105mm in Stereo Compur shutter for the stereo option and a centrally located [[Collinear]] III f/6.8 150mm for the Panorama option.<ref>
 
−
[http://www.icollector.com/Voigtlnder-Alpin-Stereo-um-1911_i178262 Auktion Team Köln April 2002 Lot 831].—
 
−
  [[Collinear]] f/6.3 105mm (sn 112812 & 112813) [[Collinear]] III f/6.8 150mm (sn 112814) Westlicht 13, June 2008, Lot 498.—
 
−
</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
  UNITED KINGDOM
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/5.5 6inch in [[Compound]]:''' x2
 
−
          1910–£21/10 (Voigtländer Catalogue 1910, p. 88);
 
−
          1914–£19/5 (British Journal Almanac 1914, p. 1119);
 
−
  '''[[Collinear]] f/5.5 6inch in [[Compound]]:''' x3
 
−
          1910–£29/10 (Voigtländer Catalogue 1910, p. 88);
 
−
          1914–£27/5 (British Journal Almanac 1914, p. 1119);
 
−
 
 
−
==Advertisements==
 
  
 +
}}
 +
|}
  
 +
==Sample Images==
  
 
{|class=plainlinks align=center
 
{|class=plainlinks align=center
−
|| {{Flickr_image
+
||
−
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/captainspaulding/4349802504/in/pool-camerawiki
+
{{Flickr_image
−
  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/4019/4349802504_b68a9da64c_n.jpg
+
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20606641325/in/pool-camerawiki
−
  |image_by= Captain Geoffrey Spaulding
+
  |image= http://farm1.staticflickr.com/584/20606641325_a2c6f4d60e_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text= 'Pink on Grey'
 +
|image_by=
 +
|image_rights=
 +
}}
 +
||
 +
{{Flickr_image
 +
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20128647773/in/pool-camerawiki
 +
|image= http://farm1.staticflickr.com/650/20128647773_ebf22d02ec_n.jpg
 +
|image_align= center
 +
|image_text='E'
 +
  |image_by=  
 
  |image_rights=  
 
  |image_rights=  
 
  }}
 
  }}
−
  ||&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+
  ||
−
  || {{Flickr_image
+
  {{Flickr_image
−
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/89864432@N00/1491381779/in/pool-camerawiki/
+
  |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/20127285274/in/pool-camerawiki
−
  |image= http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2256/1491381779_a7100247e9_n.jpg
+
  |image= http://farm1.staticflickr.com/634/20127285274_2052eff246_n.jpg
−
  |image_by= Uwe Kulick
+
  |image_align= top
−
}}
+
  |image_text= Gum Nuts
−
  ||&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+
  |image_by=  
−
  || {{Flickr_image
+
  |image_rights=  
−
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/XXXXX/in/pool-camerawiki
 
−
  |image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5049/5261261985_379e93d2ef_m.jpg
 
−
|image_rights=  
 
 
  }}
 
  }}
 
  |-
 
  |-
−
  | align= center|'''1908:''' 9x12 model with [[Koilos]] shutter <br><small>(U.S. Advertisement 1908)</small>{{public domain 1923}}
+
  |colspan=3 align="center"|
−
  ||
+
{{Flickr_image_caption
−
|align= center|'''1911:''' 10 x15 model  with [[Compound]] shutter <br><small>(German Advertisement 1911) </small>{{public domain 1923}}
+
  |image_text= Sample images taken with a Helios-44 Type Type 2cii mounted on a Nikon D800
−
  ||
+
  |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
−
  |align= center|
+
  |image_rights= with permission
 +
}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Notes and References==
+
==Notes==
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
 +
====Bibliography====
 +
Машиностроение (1968) Каталог "Любительская фотокиноаппаратура" (Katalog Photokinoapparatura) Moscow: Машиностроение pp. 232–234
  
−
==Links==
+
====Links====
−
*[http://www.ukcamera.com/classic_cameras/voigt21.htm Alpin] at ukcamera [http://www.ukcamera.com]
+
*[http://www.zenitcamera.com/archive/lenses/helios-44.html KMZ Original description and technical specifications of the Helios 44].
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*[http://www.h3.dion.ne.jp/~bergheil/ClassicCameras/alpin01.html Alpin] at Japanese site [http://www.h3.dion.ne.jp/~bergheil/ClassicCamera_top.html]
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*[http://www.photohistory.ru/ Photohistory  of the Helios 44]
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*[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=21124 Alpin] at Sylvain Halgand's site
 
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[[Category:1906-1910]]
 
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[[Category:German 9x12 folding]]
 
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[[Category:German 10x15 folding]]
 
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[[Category:Voigtländer|Alpin]]
 
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[[Category:Topography]]
 

Latest revision as of 12:40, 12 September 2015

Helios 44

20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
Lens schematic of the Helios-44 f/2 58mm
image by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)


Helios-44 (Гелиос-44) is a series of standard lenses for SLR cameras, produced from 1949? until 1992 (2001?) in the Soviet Union by KMZ, MMZ, and by Valdai. The Helios-44 is it is considered to be one of most mass-produced lenses in the world. The lens is based on the Carl Zeiss Biotar f/2 58mm design.[1] The Helios-44 f/2 58mm is a 6-element anastigmat, which over the duration of its production was available in both single-coated and multi-coated versions. Helios-44 is has a strong aberration at the margins, resulting in a characteristic 'swirl' which is reminiscent of Petzval lenses.

The nomenclature of all bar the first (silver-cased) Helios lenses follows the formula 'Helios-44X-N', where X -is the index of lens mount (M for M42 thread, K for Pentax K bayonet, Д for Zenit-D bayonet) and N is a optical resolution index 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (the higher number the higher is an optical resolution of lens).


Technical Specifications

Focal Distance: 58mm (may vary in reality).
Aperture Range: ƒ/2 - ƒ/16 (ƒ/22)
Optical Formula: 6 elements in 4 groups.
Angle of View: 40°28
Geometric Vignetting: 58%



The arrangement of the focussing helicoid as well as the aperture selector ring differs between models. In the table below, the arrow ← indicates the direction the aperture control ring needs to be turned to increase the ƒ-stops.



Model

Maker		 Lens
Mount

Weight		 Number of
Aperture
Blades		 Minimum
Focusing
Distance
Maximum
Aperture
Filter
Diameter		 Resolution
center/edge
lines/mm
Trans-
mittance
Color
Formula
Sequence
(from lens face)

References
Helios-44 (Start) KMZ Start 230g 13 0.7m ƒ/16 M40.5x0.5 35/14 .81 10-0-1.5 focus, ƒ←
Helios-44 KMZ LTM 230g 13 0.5m ƒ/22
ƒ/16		 M49.5x0.75 35/14 ƒ→ , DoF, focus [2]
KMZ Arri PL 230g 13 0.5m ƒ/22
ƒ/16		 M49.5x0.75 ƒ→ , DoF, focus
KMZ LTM 230g 8 0.5m ƒ/22
ƒ/16		 M49.5x0.75 ƒ→ , DoF, focus
MMZ LTM ¶g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 M49x0.75 ƒ→ , focus [3]
Helios-44-2 KMZ M42 230g 13 0.5m ƒ/16 M49x0.75 38/20 0.82 10-0-1.5 ƒ→ , focus [4]
Helios-44-7 KMZ M42 350g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 M49x0.75 36/17 0.80 10-0-1.5
Helios-44-M KMZ M42 ¶g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 focus, ƒ→
Helios-44M-3 KMZ M42 300g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 38/19 0.80 10-0-1.5 ƒ→ , focus
Helios-44M-4 KMZ M42 300g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 38/19 0.80 10-0-1.5 focus, ƒ→
Helios-44-N KMZ M42 ¶g 8 0.5m ƒ/16
Helios-44X-N KMZ M42 ¶g 6 0.5m ƒ/16 M52x0.75
MC Helios-44K-4 KMZ Pentax K 300g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 42/21 0.85 11-0-0 focus, ƒ→
MC Helios-44M-3 KMZ M42 300g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 0.85 11-0-0 ƒ→ , focus
MC Helios-44M-4 KMZ M42 300g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 41/20 0.85 11-0-0
MC Helios-44M-5 KMZ M42 270g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 41/20 0.85 11-0-0 focus, ƒ→
MC Helios-44M-6 KMZ M42 270g 8 0.5m ƒ/16 45/25 0.90 11-0-0 focus, ƒ→
MC Helios-44M-7 KMZ M42 270g 6 0.5m ƒ/16 M52x0.75 50/30 0.90 11-0-0 focus, ƒ→

Typology of the silver-barrelled Helios-44 lenses (early versions)

20622183195_3fca4835a3_n.jpg
Lens schematic of the Helios-44 f/2 58mm
image by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)

The early Helios lenses are housed in aluminium barrels. Reputedly, the serial numbers of the early Helios lenses are structured according to the following pattern:[5]
000xxxx factory test (study) models, prototypes etc..
00xxxxx models reserved for members of the communist party and other "VIPs" .
0xxxxxx reserved for factory syndicat leaders. All lenses with a '0', '00' and '000' prefix reputedly underwent higher quality control.

Additional variations exist in the representation of the serial number prefixes. Observed have been N and Nº, whereby the 'N" appears on some of the earlier models.

Helios 44 (Start)

Mechanically, the Helios lens for the Start SLR differs from all other Helios-44 lenses inasmuch as the focussing ring is up front and the aperture selector at the rear. Moreover, the lens for the Start lacks the preset function of the other early models. Aperture selection with f-stops increasing in clockwise motion.

  • Type 1— f-stops to f/22; bezel text that spells out '1:2 F=5,8cm' with a Cyrillic P (Π) in red, silver front bezel ring. Released 1958.[6]
  • Type 2— f-stops to f/16; bezel text "2/58" and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by KMZ [7]
Helios-44 (LTM)

Pre-set prime lens. The fixed lens stops have with audible clicks, while the stop-down ring (to check the depth of field) allows for a smooth contraction of the diaphragm. Aperture selection with f-stops increasing in counter-clockwise motion (differs from the Helios version used on the Start)..

  • Type 1—pre-set lens with f-stops to f/22; bezel text that spells out '1:2 F=5,8cm' with a Cyrillic P (Π) in red, silver front bezel ring, sn 000xxxx–0017xxx. Initially used for the KMZ Kristall released in 1961 and the KMZ Zenit 3M.
  • Type 2— pre-set lens with f-stops to f/16
Type 2a—bezel text that spells out '1:2 F=5,8cm' with a Cyrillic P (Π) in red, and a silver front bezel ring, sn 0016xxx [8]
Type 2b—bezel text "2/58" and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by KMZ
Type 2bi— Cyrillic labelling, ring, sn 0073xxx– [9]
Type 2bii—Latin labelling
Type 2biii—Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. [10]
Type 2c—bezel text "2/58" and 'black' front bezel ring, 13-blade diaphragm produced by KMZ until the late 1950s, sn –0225xxx
Type 2ci— Cyrillic labelling[11]
Type 2cii—Latin labelling [12]
Type 2ciii—Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. [13]
Type 2d—bezel text "2/58" and 'black' front bezel ring, 8-blade diaphragm, produced by KMZ until the late 1950s, sn 024447x–
Type 2di—Cyrillc labelling, [14]
Type 2di—Cyrillc labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. [15]
Type 2diIi—Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'. [16]
Type 2e—bezel text "2/58" and black front bezel ring, 8-blade diaphragm, produced by MMZ until the mid 1960s[17]
Type 2ei— Cyrillic labelling, sn 50xxxxx–60xxxxx [18]
Type 2eii— Latin labelling, engraved "Made in USSR,' sn 50xxxxx–60xxxxx [19]
Helios-44-2 (M42)
Type 1— pre-set lens with bezel text "2/58" and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by Valdai
Type 1a— Cyrillic labelling[20]
Type 1b— Latin labelling [21]
Type 2— pre-set lens with bezel text "2/58" and the 'silver' front bezel ring produced by MMZ [22]


20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
19994020694_8fcaa82d90_n.jpg
20623213781_c08b944446_n.jpg

KMZ-produced Helios-44 f/2 58mm for Start SLR
images by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)


20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
19994020694_8fcaa82d90_n.jpg
20623213781_c08b944446_n.jpg

KMZ-produced Helios-44 f/2 58mm Type 2cii
images by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)


20429889789_0e5c0242f4_n.jpg
Lens Bezel Type ¶¶¶
19994020694_8fcaa82d90_n.jpg
Lens Bezel Type ¶¶¶
20451767028_98f84a5c7b_n.jpg
Lens Bezel Type 2cii
image by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)

Lens Bezel inscriptions of KMZ-produced Helios-44 f/2 58mm


Sample Images

20606641325_a2c6f4d60e_n.jpg
'Pink on Grey'
20128647773_ebf22d02ec_n.jpg
'E'
20127285274_2052eff246_n.jpg
Gum Nuts

Sample images taken with a Helios-44 Type Type 2cii mounted on a Nikon D800
images by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning the lens was to be called "БТК" - "БиоТар Красногорский" (BioTar Krasnogorski).
  2. ↑ For photo series see discussion thread for this image
  3. ↑ Seen on eBay sn/6012651, English labelling, engraved "Made in USSR'.
  4. ↑ Manufactured from 1971 by KMZ and MMZ, in 1974 production moved to Jupiter Optics Valdai, in 1982/83 production moved back to to MMZ
  5. ↑ | A Word about Russian Serial Numbers
  6. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/ 0005085 (with Start body #5904339); 0005292 (with Start body #6317417); 0014131; 0014167 (with Start body #6100790); 0016442
  7. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/ 0043802 (with Start body #6388722); 0051838 0052784 (with Start body #6120968); 0057844 (with Start body #6112545); 0063978 (with Start body #6114645); 0060810 (with Start body #6114785); 0069922; 0075924 (with Start body #6119536); 0101830 (with Start body #6315633); 0121214 (with Start body #6226892);
  8. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0016709; 0018687, 0023907
  9. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0068221; 0059418; 0158550; 0275085
  10. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0120173
  11. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0030453, 0127713
  12. ↑ Photographica Collection Dirk HR Spennemann sn/0085902; 0205436
  13. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0120173
  14. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/02887790
  15. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0275083
  16. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/0254198, 0275083
  17. ↑ MMZ lenses with serial numbers beginning with "N40xxx", "N50xxx" or "N60xxx" were most likely made in 1964, 1965 and 1966 (first number of sn very likely stands for the year of 196x decade).
  18. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/5011275 ; 5014399; 5038818
  19. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/6002494 (on Zenit3M); 6012651, 6024306.
  20. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/8708916
  21. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/79220381; 80003408; 81276436; 81293022
  22. ↑ Seen on eBay: sn/7654512.

Bibliography

Машиностроение (1968) Каталог "Любительская фотокиноаппаратура" (Katalog Photokinoapparatura) Moscow: Машиностроение pp. 232–234

Links

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