Difference between revisions of "User:Heritagefutures/WorkSpace3"

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==GW cameras==
 
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{{Flickr_image
 
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6393008679/in/pool-camerawiki
 
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|image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7021/6393008679_45d8f101e0_m.jpg
 
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|image_align= right
 
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|image_text= [[Dekko GW 1]] Mk 1A
 
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|image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
 
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|image_rights= with permission
 
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During the  early period of the Cold War the United Kingdom carried out wide-ranging missile research, partly in collaboration with Australia (under the umbrella of the Anglo-Australian Joint Project, which ran from 1946 to 1980). <ref>For background on the project see Morton, Peter (1989) <i>Fire across the desert. Woomera and the Anglo-Australian Joint Project 1946–1980.</i> Canberra: AGPS.—For general context of UK guided weapons development in the 1950s see Twigge, S.R. (1993) <I>The early development of guided weapons in the United Kingdom, 1940-1960. </i>London: Routledge.—For Woomera see also: Southall, Ivan (1962) Woomera. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.</ref>
 
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The testing of the missiles required a range of sophisticated devices to record and document missile behaviour in flight, approaches to targets and also to record telemetry data that were obtained on the ground. In the days prior to digital data collection this occurred analog, with film being the preferred option.
 
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All cameras carry the type specification GW for <b>G</b>uided <b>W</b>eapons. While technically most of the cameras where high speed cine cameras (100 frames/second), many of them were  used for  frame-by-frame analysis:
 
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* [[Dekko GW 1|GW 1 Target Aircraft Camera]] ([[Dekko]] Ltd, 1954)-- a high-speed 35mm cine camera mounted in the target aircraft to record the missile approach angles (and miss distances).
 
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* [[Beck GW 2|GW 2  Target Aircraft Camera]] ([[Beck]], 1955)-- a high-speed 35mm cine camera mounted in the target aircraft to record the missile approach angles (and miss distances).
 
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* GW 3 Continuous Record Camera (Cinetra Ltd, 1958). The GW3 was a high-speed 35mm cine camera developed to record cathode ray oscillograph images at various speeds.<ref> The camera was jointly developed by the Royal Aircraft Establishment  and Cinetra Ltd. It took 200ft rolls of daylight loadable 35mm cine film. The design had a geared advance that allowed for recording speeds of 1 inch/sec  to 128 inches/sec. The camera came with three interchangeable lenses (1 ¼", 2" and 3") all with f/1.9. A time marker unit was also fitted.-- For details and specifications, see: Brooks, J.H. (1958) Type GW 3 continuous record camera. (UK National Archives AVIA 6/23834).</ref>
 
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* GW 9 Missile Camera (Specto  Ltd, 1960)—A 16mm high-speed cine camera with interchangeable lenses, carried by missiles in flight.<ref> The 16mm camera, running at 100 frames/sec, was designed and built by Specto Ltd, (London. Specto were manufacturers of cine cameras and projectors, operating from 1935 to 1960 ([http://wichm.home.xs4all.nl/cinelisc.html list of manufacturers of vintage cinematographic equipment]). --The GW 9 came with four Specto Ltd. lenses (1/2” f/4; ¾, f/4.5; 1 ½”, f/1.9 and 3’, f4). In addition, it could accept lenses designed for the G.S.A.P. cameras. The camera used a circular disc shutter with two sectors cut out of the rim. At 100 frames/sec the shutter speed was 1/210th. The 50ft of daylight loadable 16mm film allowed for 20 seconds of running time.--For details and specifications, see: Husbands, C.W. (1960) The type GW 9 missile camera. Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Note TD47, March 1960. London: Royal Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough), Ministry of Aviation (UK National Archives AVIA 6/23847).</ref>
 
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In Australia a number of similar cameras were built which carried different designations: WRECISS, [[WREROC]] and [[WRETAR]].
 
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===Notes===
 
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<references />
 
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[[Category:Australia]]
 
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[[Category:Scientific cameras]]
 
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[[Category:Oscillograph cameras]]
 
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[[Category:Aerial cameras]]
 
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[[Category:Military cameras]]
 
  
 
==Beck==
 
==Beck==

Revision as of 05:09, 30 October 2012

Missile Stuff

Missile Cameras

Cameras played a major role in documenting the experiments and testing carried out the early days of guided weapons development. A suite of specialised cameras were developed in the mid- to late 1950s by various U.S. manufacturers, by Soviet camera makers and by the Royal Aircraft Establishment in the UK.

In Australia, the Weapons Research Establishment (South Australia) designed such cameras as part of the Anglo-Australian Joint Project (1946 to 1980) which focussed on guided weapons and missile development. The research focussed on a missile's behaviour in flight relying on observation and general telemetry data. While the latter would be displayed on an cathode-ray oscilloscope in real time, they needed recording to allow for detailed analysis. Film was a suitable medium to record such transitory analog data. To this end, high-speed cine cameras were developed which capable of 100 frames/second and more. While recorded data would be viewed as segments of motion film many were analysed on a frame-by-frame basis.

In principle, cameras were developed for four different applications: ground-based cameras for observation and the recording of the telemetry, and airborne cameras, either borne by the missile or carried by the target.

Ground based cameras

Missile behaviour

    • Telemetry recording

Recording of moving Oscillograph data occurred principally with the GW 3 camera. Such cameras also existed in the civilian arena (such as the Cossor 1428).[1]

Airborne cameras

Missile-borne cameras

Target Aircraft Cameras

Notes

  1. ↑ The Fairchild F-296 is an example of camera used to record stable oscillograph data where a single image sufficed for the purposes documentation.



This is a work in progress.
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Beck

  • Asymmetrical Lens clean mine!


Beck Sky Camera

British pat n°225 398/1923 

Focal length near 1 inch (2.5cm) and image circle is approximately 3 inch (7.5cm)
For circular images 2½ in. dia. on 3¼ x 4¼ in.plates, English, c. 1924, the mahogany box-form body with fixed focus brassbound R&J Beck 180 'fish-eye' ƒ8 lens with three built-in filters, and one block-form double plate holder.
Designed and patented by Robin Hill of the Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge in 1923, British Pat. No.31931/23, for photographing cloud formations. The distortion produced by the lens was corrected by using the same lens again for projection of the image. It was used by the Meteorological Office for many years. Original price £18/18/0.
Literature: R. Hill, Quarterly  Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Vol.50 (1924) p.227-23;  Dr.H.v. Socher, Optik Mit 180 Gesichtsfeld, Das Deutsche Lichtbild, 1931.

Camera has built-in shutter. Speeds are: 1/100, 1/50, 1/25, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1sec, B and T.  Lens has built-in yellow filter. Apertures are 8, 11, 16, 22 and 32

Beck Guided Weapons Lenses

6317304867_5ff2860ef2_m.jpg
R&J Beck designed G.W. Type 2 Mk.3 lens
image by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)

The folowing lenses have been documented

The lens is
The lens is similar to the Type 2 M2, but is surrounded by four diodes for @@@




This is a work in progress.
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Military Cameras
Aerial Cameras | XXX | Fairchild F8 | Fairchild K-17 | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | Solar-Vought Torpedo Camera |
     | Konishiroku GSK-99 | | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX |
Combat Cameras | XXX | XXX | Simmon PH-501/PF | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX |
Gun Cameras | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX |
Missile Cameras | WRECISS | WREROC | WRETAR | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX | XXX |


This is a work in progress.
FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...


This is a work in progress.
FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...

Dekko GW 1

Heritagefutures/WorkSpace3
6317248885_c5e56a8f1d_m.jpg
Dekko GW 1 Mk1C Aircraft Target Camera
fitted with R & J Beck GW Type 3 Mk2 lens

Manufacturer: Dekko Cameras Ltd
Date of Production: 1955- ~1957
Variants: Mk Ia, Ic & Ic
Type of Camera: high speed cine

Film type: 35mm
Lens: R & J Beck G.W. Type 2 Mk. 2
            R & J Beck G.W. Type 3 Mk. 2
Shutter: rotary
Shutter speed range: fixed
Viewfinder: none
Flash: none
Exposure Metering: manual
Focusing: fixed
Film advance: electric motor, 100 frames/sec
Frame size: 5p (22.4mm L x 24mm H)
Weight: XXX
Dimensions: XXXX (W x H x D)



Background

While technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target. The film magazine took a standard 50ft roll of 35mm cine film, which gave the camera a run time of 12 seconds.


6393008679_45d8f101e0_m.jpg
Dekko GW 1 Mk 1A
image by Dirk HR Spennemann (Image rights)

Technical designs

Mk 1A

Mk 1B

The existence of a Mark 1B camera can be inferred but units of this type have not been available for examination at the time of writing.

Mk 1C

Mk 1D

The identification data engraved on the cover for the film magazine-loading bay read the same as those documented for the Mark 1C, with the exception that the text Mk 1C’ has been replaced by ‘Mk 1D.’ The sole Mk 1D unit examined carried a R&J Beck GW Type 3 lens. There is no readily visible difference between the Mk1C and Mk1D models, either in overall appearance, lenses or mechanics.

Links

  • ¶¶ Spennemann, Dirk HR (2012) History, Description and Technical Details of the GW Target Aircraft Cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :}

Notes




This is a work in progress.
FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...

Beck GW 2

Heritagefutures/WorkSpace3
6317845182_d738d7cc90_m.jpg
Beck GW 2 Mk1C Aircraft Target Camera
fitted with R & J Beck G.W. Type 3 Mk.3 lens

Manufacturer: Dekko Cameras Ltd
Date of Production: 1955- ~1957
Variants: Mk Ia, Ic & Ic
Type of Camera: high speed cine

Film type: 35mm
Lens: R & J Beck G.W. Type 3 Mk. 3
Shutter: rotary
Shutter speed range: fixed
Viewfinder: none
Flash: none
Exposure Metering: manual
Focusing: fixed
Film advance: electric motor, 100 frames/sec
Frame size: 5p (22.4mm L x 24mm H)
Weight: XXX
Dimensions: XXXX (W x H x D)



Background

While technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target. The film magazine took a 100 foot roll, which gave the camera a run time of 12 seconds.

Technical designs

Links

  • ¶¶ Spennemann, Dirk HR (2012) History, Description and Technical Details of the GW Target Aircraft Cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :}

Notes



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