Difference between revisions of "Sunny 16"

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'''Sunny 16''' ([[Andreas Feininger]] called it "''magic 16''") is a rule-of-thumb guideline that says proper exposure on a sunny day is achieved with aperture set to f/16, combined with shutter speed set to the reciprocal of your [[film speed]].
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{{stub}}
  
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''Exposure control by aperture setting:''<br>
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'''Sunny 16''' is a [[light meter]]ing guideline that says proper exposure on a sunny day is f/16 at a shutter speed that is the reciprocal of your [[film speed]]. The exposure is reduced by one stop for sun+clouds, another for cloudy and so forth, e.g.:
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Aperture should be wider in less bright light situations, i.e. half to full [[f-stop]] wider (f/13-f/11) for sunny but hazy, two f-stops (f/8) for clouds, and three f-stops wider (f/5.6) for strongly clouded sky, or even an f-stop smaller, i.e. f/22 for snow or white sands in bright sunshine. Of course small format cameras will produce diffraction unsharpness at such small aperture.
 
  
 
{| rules="all"
 
{| rules="all"
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
|'''Condition'''
 
|'''Condition'''
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|'''Aperture''' for shutter speed<br/>set reciprocal to film speed
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|'''Aperture'''
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
 
|Bright sun
 
|Bright sun
 
|f16
 
|f16
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
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|Hazy sun
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|Hazy sun<br />+clouds
 
|f11
 
|f11
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
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|f8
 
|f8
 
|-align=center
 
|-align=center
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|strongly clouded,<br>Overcast,<br />Dull
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|Overcast,<br />Dull
 
|f5.6
 
|f5.6
 
|}
 
|}
  
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''Exposure control by shutter speed setting:''<br>
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For example, for a film speed of 100 ISO/ASA, a speed of 1/125 would be selected. For 200 ISO/ASA, 1/200 or 1/250, and so on. The closest match to the speed of the film to shutter speed being desired, depending on the speeds available.
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Of course a small aperture might be fine for landscape photos. So let it be set to f/16 and control exposure by shutter speed, setting it higher for bright snow, or lower for hazy or cloudy weather.
 
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If we use a good ISO 100 film it has a fine color grain, allowing sharpest analog photographs. Thus a camera with a good [[lens]] will be prefered to shoot that film. But a good lens usually has its finest sharpness at an aperture wider than f/16! The third sample in the following table is given for a lens with optimal sharpness at aperture f/5.6
 
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{| rules="all"
 
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|-align=center
 
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|'''Condition'''
 
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|'''Shutter speed''' for f/16<br/>with [[film speed]] ISO 100
 
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|'''Shutter speed''' for f/16<br/>with [[film speed]] '''ISO 400'''
 
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|Shutter speed for '''f/5.6'''<br/>with [[film speed]] '''ISO 100'''
 
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|-align=center
 
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|Bright sun
 
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|1/100 sec.
 
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|1/400 sec.
 
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|1/800 sec.
 
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|-align=center
 
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|Hazy sun
 
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|1/50 sec.
 
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|1/200 sec.
 
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|1/400 sec.
 
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|-align=center
 
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|Cloudy
 
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|1/25 sec.
 
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|1/100 sec.
 
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|1/200 sec.
 
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|-align=center
 
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|strongly clouded,<br>Overcast,<br />Dull
 
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|1/12.5 sec.
 
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|1/50 sec.
 
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|1/100 sec.
 
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|}
 
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For f/16 in bright sun use the closest match to the film speed's reciprocal value as shutter speed. For example 1/125 instead of 1/100 if speed scale doesn't offer 1/100, or 1/300 instead of 1/400 if the speed scale ends at 1/300.
 
  
 
== Weather Symbols ==
 
== Weather Symbols ==
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|image= http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3273/2661810635_fabf54c272_m.jpg
 
|image= http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3273/2661810635_fabf54c272_m.jpg
 
|image_align= right
 
|image_align= right
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|image_text= Weather symbols on the shutter speed<br>ring of a [[Cosmic Symbol]]. The aperture of<br>this camera is preset depending on film speed.
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|image_text= weather symbols on the shutter speed<br>ring of a [[Cosmic Symbol]]
 
|image_by= AWCam
 
|image_by= AWCam
 
|image_rights=with permission
 
|image_rights=with permission
 
}}
 
}}
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Sunny 16 is sometimes formalised onto a camera as weather symbols. The exposure controls are marked with sunny/cloudy (etc) symbols, mainly for aperture setting on  cameras with single-speed-shutter.
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Sunny 16 is sometimes formalised onto a camera as weather symbols.
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The shutter speed and aperture controls are marked - one with the film speed and the other with sunny/cloudy (etc) symbols.
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{{br}}
 
{{br}}
  
 
{{glossary}}
 
{{glossary}}

Revision as of 21:23, 8 March 2015

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Sunny 16 is a light metering guideline that says proper exposure on a sunny day is f/16 at a shutter speed that is the reciprocal of your film speed. The exposure is reduced by one stop for sun+clouds, another for cloudy and so forth, e.g.:

Condition Aperture
Bright sun f16
Hazy sun
+clouds 		f11
Cloudy f8
Overcast,
Dull 		f5.6

For example, for a film speed of 100 ISO/ASA, a speed of 1/125 would be selected. For 200 ISO/ASA, 1/200 or 1/250, and so on. The closest match to the speed of the film to shutter speed being desired, depending on the speeds available.

Weather Symbols

2661810635_fabf54c272_m.jpg
weather symbols on the shutter speed
ring of a Cosmic Symbol
image by AWCam (Image rights)

Sunny 16 is sometimes formalised onto a camera as weather symbols. The shutter speed and aperture controls are marked - one with the film speed and the other with sunny/cloudy (etc) symbols.



Glossary Terms
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