Difference between revisions of "Pascal"

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The '''Pascal''' is one of the first cameras for roll film, and the first with spring-motorised film advance. It was made in France by [[Japy|Japy Frères & Compagnie]], from about 1899. It is a box camera, with a wood-and-metal body, with leather covering. It makes twelve pictures 40×55 mm on special roll film (not Kodak roll film; an interesting commercial choice).<ref name=Film>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/publicites/images/1267124083.jpg Catalogue page for special roll film for the Pascal], by Société Anonyme des Pellicule Françaises, at [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/carrousel/html/index.php Collection d'Appareils].</ref> The film has paper leaders, but is not backed along the whole length. According to the advertisement, it is for daylight-loading. One of the items offered is a trial roll; a spool of film without emulsion, and with ''cloth'' leaders, to practice loading and test the film advance.<ref name=Film></ref>
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The '''Pascal''' is one of the first cameras for roll film, and the first with spring-motorised film advance. It was made in France by [[Japy|Japy Frères & Compagnie]], from about 1899. It is a box camera, with a wood-and-metal body, with leather covering. It makes twelve pictures 40×55 mm on special roll film (not Kodak roll film; an interesting commercial choice).<ref name=Film>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/publicites/images/1267124083.jpg Catalogue page for special roll film for the Pascal], by Société Anonyme des Pellicule Françaises, at [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/carrousel/html/index.php Collection Appareils].</ref> The film has paper leaders, but is not backed along the whole length. According to the advertisement, it is for daylight-loading. One of the items offered is a trial roll; a spool of film without emulsion, and with ''cloth'' leaders, to practice loading and test the film advance.<ref name=Film />
  
 
The camera was designed by '''Francisque Pascal''' who patented it in several countries.<ref name=PatGB>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=GB&NR=189900201A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=4&date=18991014&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP British Patent 201 of 1899] granted to Francisque Pascal and Louis Izerable, describing the Pascal, at [http://worldwide.espacenet.com/?locale=en_EP Espacenet], the patent search facility of the European Patent Office. The French patent is not apparently in the database.</ref><ref name=PatUS>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=651118A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=4&date=19000605&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP US Patent 651118].</ref><ref name=PatCH>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=CH&NR=18449A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=4&date=18991231&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP Swiss Patent 18449]</ref>
 
The camera was designed by '''Francisque Pascal''' who patented it in several countries.<ref name=PatGB>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=GB&NR=189900201A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=4&date=18991014&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP British Patent 201 of 1899] granted to Francisque Pascal and Louis Izerable, describing the Pascal, at [http://worldwide.espacenet.com/?locale=en_EP Espacenet], the patent search facility of the European Patent Office. The French patent is not apparently in the database.</ref><ref name=PatUS>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=651118A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=4&date=19000605&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP US Patent 651118].</ref><ref name=PatCH>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=CH&NR=18449A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=4&date=18991231&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP Swiss Patent 18449]</ref>
  
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Most of the functions of the camera are unexceptional. As standard, it has a 69 mm f/12 [[achromatic lens]]; in an article reproduced at ''Collection d'Appareils'', the maker offers to make the camera to order with a Zeiss Anastigmat (at a cost of 100 francs, compared to the price of 14.75 francs with the achromat).<ref name=article>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/publicites/images/1267124119.jpg ''Révue Illustrée de Photographie'', 1900] article: 'Nouveautés Photographiques' describing the Pascal, at ''Collection d'Appareils''.</ref> The shutter is a simple one, with two instantaneous speeds (marked 'R' (rapide) and 'L' (lente), plus 'P' (pose; 'B' shutter).<ref name=West>[http://www.auction2000.se/auk/w.Object?inC=WLPA&inA=19&inO=585 Pascal] (with rigid sliding back) sold at the [http://www.auction2000.se/auk/w.ObjectList?inSiteLang=&inC=WLPA&inA=19 nineteenth Westlicht Photographica Auction], on 28 May 2011; several excellent pictures.</ref> There are three fixed aperture stops;<ref name=McK>{{McKeown12}} p450.</ref> these are selected by pulling up (or pushing down) a metal tab above the lens. The shutter release button is at the top front corner of the right-hand side. Nearby is the front glass of a [[Viewfinder#Newton finder|Newton finder]] that swivels about one corner to unfold into place. The finder has a catch that engages with the shutter button to lock it when the finder is folded down.
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Most of the functions of the camera are unexceptional. As standard, it has a 69 mm f/12 [[achromatic lens]]; in an article reproduced at ''Collection Appareils'', the maker offers to make the camera to order with a Zeiss Anastigmat (at a cost of 100 francs, compared to the price of 14.75 francs with the achromat).<ref name=article>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/publicites/images/1267124119.jpg ''Révue Illustrée de Photographie'', 1900] article: 'Nouveautés Photographiques' describing the Pascal, at ''Collection Appareils''.</ref> The shutter is a simple one, with two instantaneous speeds (marked 'R' (rapide) and 'L' (lente), plus 'P' (pose; 'B' shutter).<ref name=West>[https://wlpa.auction2000.se/auk/w.Object?inC=WLPA&inA=19&inO=585 Pascal] (with rigid sliding back) sold at the [https://wlpa.auction2000.se/auk/w.ObjectList?inSiteLang=&inC=WLPA&inA=19 nineteenth Westlicht Photographica Auction], on 28 May 2011; several excellent pictures.</ref> There are three fixed aperture stops;<ref name=McK>{{McKeown12}} p450.</ref> these are selected by pulling up (or pushing down) a metal tab above the lens. The shutter release button is at the top front corner of the right-hand side. Nearby is the front glass of a [[Viewfinder#Newton finder|Newton finder]] that swivels about one corner to unfold into place. The finder has a catch that engages with the shutter button to lock it when the finder is folded down.
  
 
The spring motor is wound with a key on the bottom of the camera. The motor advances the film after the shutter is released. There is a frame counter in a window in the top of the camera.
 
The spring motor is wound with a key on the bottom of the camera. The motor advances the film after the shutter is released. There is a frame counter in a window in the top of the camera.
  
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Two types were made. In the first, the back and sides are hinged;<ref name=CdA1>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=16051 Le Pascal] (first type with hinged back and sides) at ''Collection d'Appareils''.</ref> in the second type, the back and sides slide into place.<ref name=CdA2>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=11060 Le Pascal] (second type with sliding removable back), plus pictures of film spools and a leather case for the camera, at ''Collection d'Appareils''.</ref>
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Two types were made. In the first, the back and sides are hinged;<ref name=CdA1>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=16051 Le Pascal] (first type with hinged back and sides) at ''Collection Appareils''.</ref> in the second type, the back and sides slide into place.<ref name=CdA2>[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=11060 Le Pascal] (second type with sliding removable back), plus pictures of film spools and a leather case for the camera, at ''Collection Appareils''.</ref>
  
  

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The Pascal is one of the first cameras for roll film, and the first with spring-motorised film advance. It was made in France by Japy Frères & Compagnie, from about 1899. It is a box camera, with a wood-and-metal body, with leather covering. It makes twelve pictures 40×55 mm on special roll film (not Kodak roll film; an interesting commercial choice).[1] The film has paper leaders, but is not backed along the whole length. According to the advertisement, it is for daylight-loading. One of the items offered is a trial roll; a spool of film without emulsion, and with cloth leaders, to practice loading and test the film advance.[1]

The camera was designed by Francisque Pascal who patented it in several countries.[2][3][4]

Most of the functions of the camera are unexceptional. As standard, it has a 69 mm f/12 achromatic lens; in an article reproduced at Collection Appareils, the maker offers to make the camera to order with a Zeiss Anastigmat (at a cost of 100 francs, compared to the price of 14.75 francs with the achromat).[5] The shutter is a simple one, with two instantaneous speeds (marked 'R' (rapide) and 'L' (lente), plus 'P' (pose; 'B' shutter).[6] There are three fixed aperture stops;[7] these are selected by pulling up (or pushing down) a metal tab above the lens. The shutter release button is at the top front corner of the right-hand side. Nearby is the front glass of a Newton finder that swivels about one corner to unfold into place. The finder has a catch that engages with the shutter button to lock it when the finder is folded down.

The spring motor is wound with a key on the bottom of the camera. The motor advances the film after the shutter is released. There is a frame counter in a window in the top of the camera.

Two types were made. In the first, the back and sides are hinged;[8] in the second type, the back and sides slide into place.[9]


Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Catalogue page for special roll film for the Pascal, by Société Anonyme des Pellicule Françaises, at Collection Appareils.
  2. ↑ British Patent 201 of 1899 granted to Francisque Pascal and Louis Izerable, describing the Pascal, at Espacenet, the patent search facility of the European Patent Office. The French patent is not apparently in the database.
  3. ↑ US Patent 651118.
  4. ↑ Swiss Patent 18449
  5. ↑ Révue Illustrée de Photographie, 1900 article: 'Nouveautés Photographiques' describing the Pascal, at Collection Appareils.
  6. ↑ Pascal (with rigid sliding back) sold at the nineteenth Westlicht Photographica Auction, on 28 May 2011; several excellent pictures.
  7. ↑ McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). p450.
  8. ↑ Le Pascal (first type with hinged back and sides) at Collection Appareils.
  9. ↑ Le Pascal (second type with sliding removable back), plus pictures of film spools and a leather case for the camera, at Collection Appareils.
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