Difference between revisions of "Fairchild"
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| − | An focal plane shutter camera for 9" x 9" format with a range of lens cone | + | An focal plane shutter camera for 9" x 9" format with a range of lens cone option. <ref name="20th Combat Mapping Squadron" /> The K-22 was electrically operated without an manual override option. |
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An aerial camera for oblique photos, designed by Fairchild and manufactured under licence by [[Graflex]] | An aerial camera for oblique photos, designed by Fairchild and manufactured under licence by [[Graflex]] | ||
Revision as of 02:29, 11 March 2011
IN PROGRESS
The Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation, founded in 1920 by the inventor and entrepreneur Sherman Mills Fairchild (April 7, 1896 - March 28, 1971)[1] was the manufacturer of a range of aerial cameras.
Contents
- 1 Background
- 2 Cameras produced by Fairchild
- 2.1 F-1
- 2.2 F-8
- 2.3 F-14
- 2.4 F-17
- 2.5 F-56
- 2.6 K-3A
- 2.7 K-6
- 2.8 K-7C
- 2.9 K-14
- 2.10 K-17
- 2.11 K-18
- 2.12 K-19B
- 2.13 K-20
- 2.14 K-22
- 2.15 K-25
- 2.16 K-37
- 2.17 KA-1
- 2.18 KA-2
- 2.19 KA-54
- 2.20 KA-56
- 2.21 KA-60
- 2.22 KA-66
- 2.23 KA-71
- 2.24 KA-72
- 2.25 KA-82
- 2.26 KA-89
- 2.27 KA-92
- 2.28 KB-18
- 2.29 KC-1
- 2.30 KS-25
- 2.31 KS-120
- 3 Notes
Background
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| (Image rights) |
Sherman M. Fairchild was born in Oneonta, New York, in April 1896 as the only child of congressman and a founder of International Business Machines (IBM), George W Fairchild. Sherman attended college at Harvard, the University of Arizona, and Columbia, studying engineering and aerial photography (graduating from none of them). In 1917 Fairchild was rejected from the US military because of poor health. Determined to help with the war effort, he and his father went to Washington to see if his experience with cameras might be helpful. At the time, the aerial cameras available to the US Army produced poor quality images because the camera's slow shutter speed could not keep up with the motion created by the airplane. Fairchild developed a camera with an between-the-lens shutter which produced much clearer images. Even though the Army did not accept his camera until World War I had ended, it acquired two units for training. Fairchild started the Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation in February 1920 as a vehicle to built and distribute his aerial cameras. Soon after the US Army placed orders for the and made the Fairchild the standard military camera.[2]
Cameras produced by Fairchild
Cameras produced by Fairchild:
F-1
Hand-held camera for aerial obliques, 57 x 7 format; black finish with wooden hand grips, with Carl Zeiss Tessar 250mm/f4.5 lens [3]
F-8
The F-8 was a focal plane shutter camera for oblique aerial photos, manufactured by Fairchild, fitted with a Schneider Xenar 240mm/f8. It was built during World War II under licence by Keystone and fitted with a Wollensak 375mm /5.6.
F-14
Hand-held camera for aerial obliques, 7 x 7 format; black wrinkle finish with wooden hand grips, with Bausch and Lomb lens-astigmat 8 1/4in. f:4,[4]
F-17
An
F-56
A Reconnaissance Camera, primarily operated by the US Navy, fitted with a range of lens cone options:
- 5.25-inch / f6.3
- 8.25-inch / f4
- 20-inch / f5
- 40-inch / f8
K-3A
Aerial mapping camera with automatic data imprint. With aerostigmat lens 12-inch/f5[5]
K-6
A large camera for oblique aerials, produced before 1929 and used by Bradford Washburn for many of his images of mountains and gaciers in Alaska.[6]
K-7C
A Medium to High Altitude Reconnaissance Camera for 9 1/2" wide roll film , comprised of a single-unit housing.
K-14
Spotting camera. A hand-held camera, with a Kodak 95 mm lens and a focal plane shutter, was used by the pilot for recording points of interest while on general reconnaissance missions. With Kodak 95/ f3.5 lens.[7]
K-17
The K-17 was a Reconnaissance and Mapping Camera for vertical and oblique aerial photos, using 9 1/2" wide roll film for 9" x 9" images (usually fitted with a 250 fare magazine). The camera came with a with a between-the-lens shutter in with exchangeable cones with Bausch and Lomb Metrogon lens of 6", 12" and 24" focal length [8]
- 6-inch / f6.3
- 12-inch / f5
- 24-inch / f6
K-18
The K-18 was a Medium to High Altitude Reconnaissance Camera with between-the-lens shutter for 9 1/2" wide roll film for 9" x 18" negatives. The camera was comprised of a single-unit housing and 24-inch / f6 focal length [8] Two types of film magazines could be fitted, the A-7 magazine with 45 exposures or the A-8 magazine with 245 exposures.
K-19B
The K-19B Night Reconnaissance Camera for 9" x 9" format with between-the-lens shutter, fitted with a 12-inch / f2.5 lens cone [8] The magazine held 250 exposures. The camera's shutter was triggered by a photocell which detected the ignition flash bombs/flares dropped by the photographer.
K-20
The K-20 was a low altitude aerial camera for oblique photos, with a 6.375-inch / f4.5 lens, designed by Fairchild and manufactured under licence by Graflex as part of a military contract. Approximately 15,000 were manufactured by Folmer Graflex Corp. between 1941-1945. They use a 5.25"x20 to 5.25"x200 foot Roll Film, with an image size of 4x5 inches. The cameras were fitted with 6 3/8" f/4.5 non interchangeable lenses, made by either Kodak, Ilex, or Bausch & Lomb, as available at time of order. The large negative was held flat through the the use of a vacuum.[9]
K-22
An focal plane shutter camera for 9" x 9" format with a range of lens cone option. [8] The K-22 was electrically operated without an manual override option.
- 6-inch / f6.3
- 12-inch / f5
- 24-inch / f6
- 40-inch / f5
- 40-inch / f5.6
- 40-inch / f8
K-25
An aerial camera for oblique photos, designed by Fairchild and manufactured under licence by Graflex
K-37
Camera designed for medium- to high-altitude night reconnaissance. Fitted with Kodak Aero-Ektar 305/f2.5.[10]
KA-1
Aerial Reconnaissance Still Picture Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in Martin RB-57E, RF-4, and RF-101A/C photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-2
Aerial Reconnaissance Still Picture Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in A-26A, RF-84F, and RF-101A/C photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-54
Panoramic Camera; manufactured by Fairchild
KA-56
Low-Altitude Panoramic Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in RF-4, RF-5E, RF-8A/G, RF-101, RB-57E, F-111C (Australia) photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-60
Panoramic High-Speed Aerial Still Picture Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in OV-1, RF-8A/G, AQM-34 photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-66
Panoramic High-Speed Aerial Still Picture Camera (modified KA-60); manufactured by Fairchild; used in RF-8A photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-71
Panoramic High-Speed Aerial Still Picture Camera (modified KA-60); manufactured by Fairchild; used in F-105G photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-72
70mm Framing Camera; manufactured by Fairchild
KA-82
Medium-Altitude Panoramic Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in RB-57E, RF-4B photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-89
Panoramic Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in AQM-34 photo reconnaissance aircraft
KA-92
Panoramic Camera; manufactured by Fairchild
KB-18
70mm Panoramic Strike Recording Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; fitted with a Carl Zeiss 75mm f/2.8 lens
- used in A-7D, F-4E, F-100F, O-2A, OV-10C, RF-111C (Australia), P-3C (Australia) photo reconnaissance aircraft
KC-1
Still Picture High-Altitude Mapping Camera; manufactured by Fairchild; used in RC-130A, RF-4 photo reconnaissance aircraft
KS-25
High-Acuity Aerial Reconnaissance Camera System; manufactured by Fairchild; used with ES-25 photo reconnaissance aircraft
KS-120
Panoramic High-Speed Aerial Still Picture Camera (KA-60C modified with larger 6000 ft. capacity magazine); manufactured by Fairchild; used in AQM-34 photo reconnaissance aircraft
Notes
- ↑ Wikipedia entry on Sherman Mills Fairchild
- ↑ Fairchild Aviation Corporation by the US Centennial of Flight Commission
- ↑ National Air and Space Museum Object A19710962000
- ↑ National Air and Space Museum Object A19710963000
- ↑ National Air and Space Museum Object A19710957000
- ↑ Bradford Washburn's Fairchild K-6
- ↑ National Air and Space Museum Object A19620090000
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Aerial Cameras by 20th Combat Mapping Squadron
- ↑ ]http://www.geh.org/fm/mees/htmlsrc/mF668800023_ful.html George Eastman House]
- ↑ National Air and Space Museum Object A19970533000
Links
- Biography of Sherman Mills Fairchild (aircraft and aerial camera entrepreneur) at Butler County Warbirds
