Difference between revisions of "120 film"
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| − | ''See the [[:Category: 120 film]].'' | + | ''See the [[:Category: 120 film]] for a list of cameras using this film.'' |
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| + | == 120 film == | ||
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|}<!-- No "6x10" camera taking 220 is known. --> | |}<!-- No "6x10" camera taking 220 is known. --> | ||
| − | '''120''' is a film format for still photography introduced by [[Kodak]] for its ''[[Brownie]] No. 2'' in 1901, and is still very popular, as the surviving [[medium format]]. Its specifications are defined by ISO 732; most recently (as of 2006), by ISO 732:2000. | + | '''120 film''' is a film format for still photography introduced by [[Kodak]] for its ''[[Brownie]] No. 2'' in 1901, and is still very popular, as the surviving [[medium format]]. Its specifications are defined by ISO 732; most recently (as of 2006), by ISO 732:2000. |
| − | The 120 film allows several image formats, the most common being the "6 × 6 cm" (more exactly 56 × 56 mm) "120 square" format. It is sometimes referred to as 2¼ × 2¼ inch film, though this is less common. Rectangular formats that are nominally 6 × 9 cm (120 full-frame format) and 6 × 4.5 cm (120 half-frame format) are also standard. Additionally 6 × 7 cm and less commonly 6 × 8 cm and 6 × 10 cm are used. Special-purpose panoramic cameras even produce 6×12, 6×17 cm or even wider frames. Like "6×6", all sizes are nominal; actual dimensions are a bit smaller. Among them, 6×7 and 6×4.5 enlarge almost exactly (without wasting any film) to "8×10" (inch) paper, for which reason their proponents call them "ideal formats." The '''''645 format''''' (6×4.5) in particular is the smallest, lightest, least expensive, and most popular roll-film design. | + | The 120 film allows several image formats, the most common being the "6×6 cm" (more exactly 56×56 mm) "120 square" format. It is sometimes referred to as 2¼×2¼ inch film, though this is less common. Rectangular formats that are nominally 6×9 cm (120 full-frame format) and 6×4.5 cm (120 half-frame format) are also standard. Additionally 6×7 cm and less commonly 6×8 cm and 6×10 cm are used. Special-purpose panoramic cameras even produce 6×12, 6×17 cm or even wider frames. Like "6×6", all sizes are nominal; actual dimensions are a bit smaller. Among them, 6×7 and 6×4.5 enlarge almost exactly (without wasting any film) to "8×10" (inch) paper, for which reason their proponents call them "ideal formats." The '''''645 format''''' (6×4.5) in particular is the smallest, lightest, least expensive, and most popular roll-film design. |
There are 16 exposures per roll for 6×4.5 format (for some cameras, only 15), twelve for 6×6, ten for 6×7, nine for 6×8 and eight for 6×9. The film is 72 cm long. | There are 16 exposures per roll for 6×4.5 format (for some cameras, only 15), twelve for 6×6, ten for 6×7, nine for 6×8 and eight for 6×9. The film is 72 cm long. | ||
| − | + | The 120 format was originally intended for amateur photography. It was later superseded in this role by [[35mm film]], and became a format for professional use. | |
| + | |||
| + | It is a typical roll film format. The spool was originally made of wood with metal flanges, later all metal, and finally plastic. Frame number markings for the three standard image formats are printed on the backing paper. The three series of numbers did not appear at once: at the beginning only the '1' to '8' numbers for 6×9 format were present, this explains why the very first [[Rolleiflex]] models used the [[#105 and 117 films|117 film]] designed for 6×6, and why the first 4.5×6 cameras like the [[Ikonta A]] had two red windows to control the film advance, using twice each of the 6×9 numbers. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In Japan, 120 film was normally called "'''Brownie film'''" (ブローニーフィルム) film until approximately the 1950s, because it was introduced for the Brownie camera. (Thus the Bronica, named after the film size, is indirectly named after the Brownie.) At the same time, the 6×4.5 format was called [[Semi]] (セミ) and the 6×6 format was called [[Six]] (シックス). | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''A120''' or '''[[Autographic]] 120''' film was produced by Eastman Kodak from 1924 to 1934. | ||
| − | + | == 220 film == | |
| − | + | '''220 film''', introduced in 1965, is the same width as ''120'', but with double length (144 cm) and thus twice the number of exposures per roll. ISO 732 also specifies the dimensions of 220 film. Unlike 120, there is no backing paper behind the film itself, just a leader and a trailer. This allows a longer film on the same spool, but as a result there are no printed frame numbers for old cameras that have red window as frame indicator. (Moreover, light from the window would fog the film.) Also, since the film alone is thinner than a film with a backing paper, a differently positioned pressure plate may be required to achieve optimal focus. Some camera capable of using both 120 and 220 film will have a two-position adjustment of the pressure plate, while others will require different film backs. | |
| − | + | == 620 film == | |
| − | ''' | + | '''620 film''', introduced by Kodak in 1931 as an alternative to the 120, is essentially the same film on a slightly different, all metal, thinner spool (120 was wood cored at that time): |
| + | * 120 spool: 2.466″ length, 0.990″ flange, 0.468″ core | ||
| + | * 620 spool: 2.468″ length, 0.905″ flange, 0.280″ core | ||
| + | The cameras designed to use 620 film usually cannot take 120 film. Most of them were made by Kodak. 620 film was discontinued in 1995, but some photographers respool 120 film on 620 spools in the darkroom to use their 620 cameras. | ||
| − | + | == 105 and 117 films == | |
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | '''105''', introduced by | + | '''105 film''', introduced by Kodak in 1898 for its first [[folding camera]], was the original 6×9 cm format roll film. '''117 film''', introduced by [[Kodak]] in 1900 for its first [[Brownie]] camera, was 6×6 cm format. These formats used the same width film as the 120, but with slightly different spools and backing paper. |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 09:40, 19 June 2006
See the Category: 120 film for a list of cameras using this film.
120 film
| name (cm) |
name (in) |
approx size (mm) |
frames on 120 |
frames on 220 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 × 4.5 | 56 × 42 | 15 or 16 | 32 | |
| 6 × 6 | 2¼ × 2¼ | 56 × 56 | 12 | 24 |
| 6 × 7 | 2¼ × 3¼ | 56 × 72 | 10 | 20 |
| 6 × 8 | 56 × 76 | 9 | 18 | |
| 6 × 9 | 2¼ × 3¾ | 56 × 84 | 8 | 16 |
| 6 × 10 | 56 × 92 | 7 |
120 film is a film format for still photography introduced by Kodak for its Brownie No. 2 in 1901, and is still very popular, as the surviving medium format. Its specifications are defined by ISO 732; most recently (as of 2006), by ISO 732:2000.
The 120 film allows several image formats, the most common being the "6×6 cm" (more exactly 56×56 mm) "120 square" format. It is sometimes referred to as 2¼×2¼ inch film, though this is less common. Rectangular formats that are nominally 6×9 cm (120 full-frame format) and 6×4.5 cm (120 half-frame format) are also standard. Additionally 6×7 cm and less commonly 6×8 cm and 6×10 cm are used. Special-purpose panoramic cameras even produce 6×12, 6×17 cm or even wider frames. Like "6×6", all sizes are nominal; actual dimensions are a bit smaller. Among them, 6×7 and 6×4.5 enlarge almost exactly (without wasting any film) to "8×10" (inch) paper, for which reason their proponents call them "ideal formats." The 645 format (6×4.5) in particular is the smallest, lightest, least expensive, and most popular roll-film design.
There are 16 exposures per roll for 6×4.5 format (for some cameras, only 15), twelve for 6×6, ten for 6×7, nine for 6×8 and eight for 6×9. The film is 72 cm long.
The 120 format was originally intended for amateur photography. It was later superseded in this role by 35mm film, and became a format for professional use.
It is a typical roll film format. The spool was originally made of wood with metal flanges, later all metal, and finally plastic. Frame number markings for the three standard image formats are printed on the backing paper. The three series of numbers did not appear at once: at the beginning only the '1' to '8' numbers for 6×9 format were present, this explains why the very first Rolleiflex models used the 117 film designed for 6×6, and why the first 4.5×6 cameras like the Ikonta A had two red windows to control the film advance, using twice each of the 6×9 numbers.
In Japan, 120 film was normally called "Brownie film" (ブローニーフィルム) film until approximately the 1950s, because it was introduced for the Brownie camera. (Thus the Bronica, named after the film size, is indirectly named after the Brownie.) At the same time, the 6×4.5 format was called Semi (セミ) and the 6×6 format was called Six (シックス).
A120 or Autographic 120 film was produced by Eastman Kodak from 1924 to 1934.
220 film
220 film, introduced in 1965, is the same width as 120, but with double length (144 cm) and thus twice the number of exposures per roll. ISO 732 also specifies the dimensions of 220 film. Unlike 120, there is no backing paper behind the film itself, just a leader and a trailer. This allows a longer film on the same spool, but as a result there are no printed frame numbers for old cameras that have red window as frame indicator. (Moreover, light from the window would fog the film.) Also, since the film alone is thinner than a film with a backing paper, a differently positioned pressure plate may be required to achieve optimal focus. Some camera capable of using both 120 and 220 film will have a two-position adjustment of the pressure plate, while others will require different film backs.
620 film
620 film, introduced by Kodak in 1931 as an alternative to the 120, is essentially the same film on a slightly different, all metal, thinner spool (120 was wood cored at that time):
- 120 spool: 2.466″ length, 0.990″ flange, 0.468″ core
- 620 spool: 2.468″ length, 0.905″ flange, 0.280″ core
The cameras designed to use 620 film usually cannot take 120 film. Most of them were made by Kodak. 620 film was discontinued in 1995, but some photographers respool 120 film on 620 spools in the darkroom to use their 620 cameras.
105 and 117 films
105 film, introduced by Kodak in 1898 for its first folding camera, was the original 6×9 cm format roll film. 117 film, introduced by Kodak in 1900 for its first Brownie camera, was 6×6 cm format. These formats used the same width film as the 120, but with slightly different spools and backing paper.
See also
Sources
Links
- "120 film" (current version of the Wikipedia article).
