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| | =Comments & talk up here please= | | =Comments & talk up here please= |
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| − | Hello. I do notice "FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH" above; but user talk pages are conventionally for comments to the user, and I don't know where else to post this comment of mine. Of course you are welcome to delete it.
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| − | I noticed your recent question on [[Camera-wiki.org talk:Sandbox]]. I believe that that is intended for discussion of CW's "sandbox", the place where people are invited to muck around without fear of retribution if they screw things up. I really wonder if anyone will see the comment there. Since it's about [[Template:Flickr image]], you may wish to post it to [[Template talk:Flickr image]]; if you do, your edit will of course pop up on the watchlist of anyone who has the template on their watchlist. [[User:Zuleika|Zuleika]] 02:04, 22 April 2011 (PDT)
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| − | :no worries...fixed... ;-) --[[User:Heritagefutures|Heritagefutures]] 02:19, 22 April 2011 (PDT)
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| | {{br}} | | {{br}} |
| | {{br}} | | {{br}} |
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| − | =Everything below this header is my personal sandbox ... feel free to look, but please don't touch= | + | |
| | + | =Code snippets= |
| | {|class=plainlinks align="center" style="text-align: left;" | | {|class=plainlinks align="center" style="text-align: left;" |
| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px | <br> '''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...''' <br> | + | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px | '''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...''' |
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| − | | + | =====3-pic caption code ===== |
| − | =====Collapsible Pictures and explanations -- Boxes===== | |
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| − | {{dropimage|align=center|width=200px |Press me !|
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| − | {{dropimage|align=left|width=160px|Again !|
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| − | <div class="NavHead" bgcolor="#A9F5F2">[... This is the title of your collapsible content ...]</div>
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| | |image_rights= with permission | | |image_rights= with permission |
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| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| | |} | | |} |
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| − | {| class="toccolours" align="center" style="clear: both; margin: 0.5em 2em; text-align: left;"
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| − | ! bgcolor="#ffcc33" | Military Cameras
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| − | | style="font-size: 95%;" |'''Aerial Cameras''' | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[Fairchild F-8|Fairchild F8]] | [[Fairchild_K-17 | Fairchild K-17]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[Solar-Vought_Torpedo_Camera | Solar-Vought Torpedo Camera]] |
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| − | | style="font-size: 95%;" | | [[GSK-99|Konishiroku GSK-99]] | | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] |
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| − | | style="font-size: 95%;" |'''Combat Cameras''' | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[Combat_Camera_PH-501/PF |Simmon PH-501/PF]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] |
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| − | | style="font-size: 95%;" | '''Gun Cameras''' | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] |
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| − | | style="font-size: 95%;"| '''Missile Cameras''' | [[WRETAR|WRECISS]] | [[WREROC|WREROC]] | [[WRETAR|WRETAR]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] | [[XXX|XXX]] |
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| − | |}<noinclude>
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| − | [[Category:Navigational templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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| − | </noinclude>
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| | + | =====Code for scroll image===== |
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| | + | <div style="overflow:auto; width: 99%;" class=plainlinks> |
| | + | {|style="width: 100%; font-size:10px;" |
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| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/greg_foster/4691423703/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4054/4691423703_29657477dd_m.jpg]<br/>1898: variety of cameras<br/>including Kodak's avantgarde<br/>[[Folding Pocket Kodak]]. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/greg_foster/4691423845/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1297/4691423845_263420150b_m.jpg]<br/>1905: Hunt with a Kodak. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/greg_foster/4691423805/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1285/4691423805_b30a5cb2f7_m.jpg]<br/>1909: Kodaks for Christmas. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/greg_foster/4692055600/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4035/4692055600_0a7442775e_m.jpg]<br/>1911: Cameras for a class society:<br/>[[Kodak Brownie|Brownie]]s for the common people,<br/>Kodaks for the better off. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/greg_foster/4692055640/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4023/4692055640_73a04676ee_m.jpg]<br/>1916: Kodaks for the<br/>American [[Boy Scout Kodak|Boy Scout]]. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/nesster/5432837395/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5058/5432837395_dd020eebe5_m.jpg]<br/>1921: [[view camera]]s |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mario_groleau/3127008928/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3101/3127008928_467d3e4a16_m.jpg]<br/>1937: no photo w/o appropriate [[film]]. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mario_groleau/3127004496/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3214/3127004496_cc7048d3c7_m.jpg]<br/>1938: The [[Kodak Bantam|Bantam]] family. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mario_groleau/3127023910/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3250/3127023910_ace6e29b26_m.jpg]<br/>1944: [[Kodak lenses|Superior lenses]]. |
| | + | |colspan=2|[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mario_groleau/3127028240/in/pool-camerawik http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3241/3127028240_e843bea7d3_m.jpg]<br/>1947: [[Kodak Reflex|Kodak goes Reflex]]. |
| | + | ||[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mario_groleau/3126225931/in/pool-camerawik http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3201/3126225931_aaef0c0239_m.jpg]<br/>1958: Kodacolor 135 rules the World. |
| | + | |colspan|[http://www.flickr.com/photos/49656291@N00/5435590666/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5258/5435590666_3e57793c62_m.jpg]<br/>1959: Kodak Brownie<br/>Starmatic Electric Eye. |
| | + | |-align=center style="text-align=center;" |
| | + | |colspan=5|{{image caption|image_text=1898,1905,1909,1911,1916: |images_by=Greg Foster|image_rights=with permission}} |
| | + | |colspan=1|{{image caption|image_text=1921: |image_by=Nesster|image_rights=with permission}} |
| | + | |colspan=5|{{image caption|image_text=1937,1938,1944,1947,1958: |images_by=Mario Groleau|image_rights=non-commercial}} |
| | + | |colspan=2|{{image caption|image_text=1959: |images_by=Kenneth Dwain Harrelson|image_rights=with permission}} |
| | + | |}</div> |
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| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | =ACMA= | + | =====Collapsible Pictures and explanations -- Boxes===== |
| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/4708395978/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image_text= A rare red ACMA Sportshot Senior Twenty
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | Australasian Camera Manufacturers Australia (ACMA) is one of the few Australian camera makers of post World War II era. The company was located in @@
| + | {{dropimage|align=center|width=200px |Press me !| |
| − | | + | {{dropimage|align=left|width=160px|Again !| |
| − | ACMA seems to have produced only a single model, the '''Sportshot Senior Twenty.''' The camera with its Art Deco inspired design is made from [[Bakelite]]. It has a trapezoidal shape and is comprised of two parts, the camera bottom, which contains film chamber and shutter assembly, and a flat snap-on lid which carries the metal simple frame finder and the film advance knob on the left.<ref>The top carries the molded model name "ACMA S20", while to bottom carries as moulded "BRITISH MAKE" sourrounded by "AUSTRALASIAN CAMERA MANUFACTURERS AUSTRALIA" set as a circle.</ref> It lacks a tripod socket.
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| − | The camera shoots 6x9 images on [[126]]/[[620]] film (control via a red window).<ref>The shop box claims that the ACMA Sportshot was "the only fixed-focus camera that takes either 8 exposures of 3 1/2 x 2 1/4--OR 12 exposures of 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 using the same film." Given that the camera has no barn-door type restrictors or slide in masks, and also only has one red window (for 6x9), this calim is confusing. No dual format 6x6 / 6x9 ACMA camera is known.</ref> The camera is fitted with a Lentar 13.3cm f/3.5 simple [[meniscus]] lens.
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| − | It was sold in a range of colours. Documented are black as well as the marbled shades of bright red,<ref>[http://www.flickr.com/search/?ss=2&w=10652115%40N07&q=ACMARED&m=text Unit documented in FLICKR]</ref>, brown,<ref name="CDU">Holger Schult's [http://www.camerasdownunder.com/gallery Cameras Down Under]</ref> olive green,<ref name="CDU" /> dark green,<ref name="CDU" /> and probably also in burgundy. The camera was sold with a soft plastic strap in matching colours.
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| − | {{Flickr_image | |
| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/4707765133/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4029/4707765133_2886d693d4_t.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= ribbed lens face
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann | |
| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | Documented are the following variants:
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| − | * Variant A: '''black shutter face plate,''' with text in silver: "Sportshot" | SENIOR TWENTY | T I" <ref>On record in black only [http://www.camerasdownunder.com/gallery Cameras Down Under]</ref>
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| − | * Variant b: '''silver shutter face plate,''' with text in black: ACMA | "Sportshot" | F13.3 LENTAR | 1.35 SEC | SENIOR TWENTY | TIME INST<ref>Available in multiple colours</ref>
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| − | **Sub-Variant 1: the recessed part of the lens surround is comprised of ''concentric circles.''
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| − | **Sub-Variant 2: the recessed part of the lens surround has a ''ribbed appearance.''
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| − | The film is loaded by partially winding the leader paper on the take up and then sliding both feed and take-up spools into position. with the film fed along the curved track on the back.<ref>Until one actually tris and shoot with one. it is difficult to appreciate the awkwardness of the design. The pressure spring that keeps the tension of the feedspool is a nothing but a curved piece of metal that is prone the tear the paper leader as the feed spool is placed into the chamber. It is also surprisingly difficult to accurately line up the wind knob with the take-up film spool 9which has too much play in its chamber) and to snap the camera shut.</ref>
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| − | |image_text= film spool restraint
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| − | |image_text= ACMA Sportshot Senior Twenty
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | ===Links===
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| − | * Instructions
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| − | ===Notes===
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| − | <references />
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| − | [[Category:Australia]]
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| − | [[Category:Bakelite cameras]]
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| − | [[Category: Camera makers]]
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| − | {{br}}
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| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | =Missile Stuff=
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| − | ==GW cameras==
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6393008679/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7021/6393008679_45d8f101e0_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= [[Dekko GW 1]] Mk 1A
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | During the early period of the Cold War the United Kingdom carried out wide-ranging missile research, partly in collaboration with Australia (under the umbrella of the Anglo-Australian Joint Project, which ran from 1946 to 1980). <ref>For background on the project see Morton, Peter (1989) <i>Fire across the desert. Woomera and the Anglo-Australian Joint Project 1946–1980.</i> Canberra: AGPS.—For general context of UK guided weapons development in the 1950s see Twigge, S.R. (1993) <I>The early development of guided weapons in the United Kingdom, 1940-1960. </i>London: Routledge.—For Woomera see also: Southall, Ivan (1962) Woomera. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.</ref>
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| − | The testing of the missiles required a range of sophisticated devices to record and document missile behaviour in flight, approaches to targets and also to record telemetry data that were obtained on the ground. In the days prior to digital data collection this occurred analog, with film being the preferred option.
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| − | All cameras carry the type specification GW for <b>G</b>uided <b>W</b>eapons. While technically most of the cameras where high speed cine cameras (100 frames/second), many of them used for frame-by-frame analysis:
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| − | * [[Dekko GW 1|GW 1 Target Aircraft Camera]] (Dekko Ltd, 1954)-- a high-speed 35mm cine camera mounted in the target aircraft to record the missile approach angles (and miss distances).
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| − | * [[Beck GW 2|GW 2 Target Aircraft Camera]] (Beck, 1955)-- a high-speed 35mm cine camera mounted in the target aircraft to record the missile approach angles (and miss distances).
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| − | * GW 3 Continuous Record Camera (Cinetra Ltd, 1958)). The GW3 was a high-speed 35mm cine camera developed to record cathode ray oscillograph images at various speeds.<ref> The camera was jointly developed by the Royal Aircraft Establishment and Cinetra Ltd. It took 200ft rolls of daylight loadable 35mm cine film. The design had a geared advance that allowed for recording speeds of 1 inch/sec to 128 inches/sec. The camera came with three interchangeable lenses (1 ¼", 2" and 3") all with f/1.9. A time marker unit was also fitted.-- For details and specifications, see: Brooks, J.H. (1958) Type GW 3 continuous record camera. (UK National Archives AVIA 6/23834).</ref>
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| − | * GW 9 Missile Camera (Specto Ltd, 1960)—A 16mm high-speed cine camera with interchangeable lenses, carried by missiles in flight.<ref> The 16mm camera, running at 100 frames/sec, was designed and built by Specto Ltd, (London. Specto were manufacturers of cine cameras and projectors, operating from 1935 to 1960 ([http://wichm.home.xs4all.nl/cinelisc.html list of manufacturers of vintage cinematographic equipment]). --The GW 9 came with four Specto Ltd. lenses (1/2” f/4; ¾, f/4.5; 1 ½”, f/1.9 and 3’, f4). In addition, it could accept lenses designed for the G.S.A.P. cameras. The camera used a circular disc shutter with two sectors cut out of the rim. At 100 frames/sec the shutter speed was 1/210th. The 50ft of daylight loadable 16mm film allowed for 20 seconds of running time.--For details and specifications, see: Husbands, C.W. (1960) The type GW9 missile camera. Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Note TD47, March 1960. London: Royal Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough), Ministry of Aviation (UK National Archives AVIA 6/23847).</ref>
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| − | In Australia a number of similar cameras were built which carried different designations: WRECISS, [[WREROC]] and [[WRETAR]].
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| − | ===Notes===
| + | <div class="NavHead" bgcolor="#A9F5F2">[... This is the title of your collapsible content ...]</div> |
| − | <references /> | + | <div class="NavContent" align="left"> |
| − | [[Category:Australia]]
| + | text goes here... |
| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
| + | </div> |
| − | [[Category:Oscillograph cameras]]
| + | </div> |
| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
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| − | <nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
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| − | | |
| − | ==WRE==
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6346763000/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6213/6346763000_429c7a03d0.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= Lens Diagram of the Dixon Ultra Wide Angle Lens
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | The '''W'''eapons '''R'''esearch '''E'''stablishment (located in Salisbury, South Australia) was managed by the Commonwealth of Australia's Department of Supply and collaborated with various defense contractors.<ref>Such as Fairey Aviation Co of Australasia Pty Ltd (later merged into AWA Defence Industries of Australia).</ref> In conjunction with the Joint Anglo-Australian Missile Testing program,<ref>For back ground see: Morton, Peter (1989) ''Fire across the desert. Woomera and the Anglo-Australian Joint Project 1946–1980.'' Canberra : AGPS; as well as Twigge, S.R. (1993) ''The early development of guided weapons in the United Kingdom, 1940-1960.'' London: Routledge.</ref> WRE developed an ultra-wide 186° fish-eye lens (design by RA Dixon <ref>‘Wide Angle Lens Systems.’ US Patent Filed 23 Dec 1957; Issued 18 Dec 1962. Applicants: Robert P. Bonnell, Jack V. Ramsey and Francis Alfred Thomas Dixon, assigned to The Commonwealth of Australia. US Pat. Nº 306875.— See also Dixon, F.A. (1961) Cameras with Wide Fields of view used in Rocket Research at the Woomera Range, South Australia. In: K.J. Habell (ed.), ''Proceedings of the Conference on Optical Instruments and Techniques London 1961''. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp.273-278.</ref>). This lens found application in a number of specialised cameras:
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| − | * WRECISS—'''W'''eapons '''R'''esearch '''E'''stablishment '''C'''amera '''I'''nterception '''S'''ingle-'''S'''hot (1957)
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| − | :The WRECISS unit was mounted in the nose telemetry bay of the surface-to-air missile. ¶¶¶ Although the firing lever must be replaced after each mission, it was estimated that some 30 per cent of the units could be re-used without repairs and a substantial further proportion could be repaired relatively cheaply. WRECISS shot single negatives using 0.93in discs punched from 35 mm [[Ilford]] Photo SR101 film., exposure time 0.3 millisec
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| − | :Weight 801; diameter 1.5in; length 1.25in; field of view 186 ° (Dixon lens); effective relative aperture, approximately f/8; 192 cameras were made in the initial production run.<REF>Missiles and Spaceflight. ''Flight'' 1 January 1960, p. 4</ref>
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| − | * [[WREROC]] —'''W'''eapons '''R'''esearch '''E'''stablishment '''R'''oll '''O'''rientation '''C'''amera
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| − | : The WREROC was developed to record the roll (rotation) of a missile in flight in relation to the horizon. The coverage of the ultra-wide angle Dixon lens was restricted to a narrow slit. The 35mm colour negative film was moved at a constant speed past the slit so that the resulting image is a continual strip that shows the horizon throughout the duration of the flight.
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| − | * [[WRETAR]] —'''W'''eapons '''R'''esearch '''E'''stablishment '''T'''arget '''A'''ircraft '''R'''ecorder
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| − | : While technically the WRETAR is a high speed cine camera mounted on a target aircraft. The resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Notes===
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| − | <references />
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| − | [[Category:Australia]]
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| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
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| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | | |
| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ==WRETAR==
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6346012369/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6050/6346012369_77e7ef4e90.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= Patent Application for the Dixon Ultra Wide Angle Lens<br>US Pat. Nº 3068752
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| − | |image_by= U.S. Patent Office
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| − | |image_rights= public domain
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| − | }}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | The [['''W'''eapons '''R'''esearch '''E'''stablishment|WRE]] '''T'''arget '''A'''ircraft '''R'''ecorder (WRETAR) was developed by [[WRE]] as a more compact and light weight alternative to the [[Dekko GW 1]] and [[Beck GW 2]] target aircraft cameras.
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| − | While technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target. The film magazine took a standard 50ft roll of 35mm cine film, which gave the camera a run time of 12 seconds.
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| − | | |
| − | In 1955-56, the Australian Government Aircraft Factories (GAF), in collaboration with Australia’s Weapon Research Establishment (WRE), developed a newly designed ultra-wide lens with 210º coverage.<ref>Dixon, F.A. (1961) Cameras with Wide Fields of view used in Rocket Research at the Woomera Range, South Australia. In: K.J. Habell (ed.), Proceedings of the Conference on Optical Instruments and Techniques London 1961. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp.273-278.—‘Wide Angle Lens Systems.’ US Patent Filed 23 Dec 1957; Issued 18 Dec 1962. Applicants: Robert P. Bonnell, Jack V. Ramsey and Robert A Dillon, assigned to The Commonwealth of Australia. US Pat. Nº 3068752.—This was a major development for the Australian optics industry: Steel, W. H. (1964) Optics in Australia. <i>Applied Optics</i> vol. 3, nº 7, pp. 839-842.</ref> When fitted to a newly designed 35mm film camera capable of 100 frames / second (WRETAR), the lens yielded a coverage of 186º. Thus one unit could cover a full hemisphere. Two design options had been developed, a short back-focus version and a more slender long back-focus one. The first option was the preferred version and entered service in 1957.<ref>In the U.K. the WRETAR was called WRE Mk. 1</ref><ref name="Evans">Evans, J.B. (1963) Analysis of records obtained from target aircraft camera systems. Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Note IR 32, November 1963. London: Royal Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough), Ministry of Supply (UK National Archives AVIA 6/25551).</ref> The whole sky could be covered with two units in the standard wind-pod configuration, with one camera mounted looking up and the other one looking down. This required only small blisters to protrude from the pods. WRETAR was capable of ‘recognising’ a missile within 250ft of the camera (larger missiles at a greater distance). <ref name="Evans" />
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| − | | |
| − | While technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target.
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| − | The film magazine took a standard 50ft roll of 35mm cine film, which gave the camera a run time of 12 seconds.
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Notes===
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| − | <references /> | |
| − | [[Category:Australia]]
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| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
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| − | | |
| − | {{br}}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ==WREROC==
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6392778101/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7161/6392778101_bc4d237c3e.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= WREROC Mk II Missile Camera
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | }}
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| − | | |
| − | The '''W'''eapons '''R'''esearch '''E'''stablishment '''R'''oll '''O'''rientation '''C'''amera (WREROC) was developed to record the roll (rotation) of a missile in flight in relation to the horizon. It drew on the Dixon lens developed for [[WRETAR]] cameras.<ref>For an in-depth description, see Spennemann, Dirk HR (2011) History, Description and Technical Details of the WREROC missile cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :} ¶¶</ref>
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| − | | |
| − | ===Background===
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| − | One of the major challenges encountered when testing missiles in the 1950s and early 1960s was to determine the amount and angle of roll during the flight. Some missiles intentionally used roll as a part of their stabilisation, while others developed roll during experiments. Ground observations were not always possible or accurate and in-flight telemetry was still in its infancy.
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| − | To document the nature and speed of missile roll, WRE developed a unique camera, the WREROC (WRE Roll Orientation Camera). It drew on the ultra wide lens<ref name="Patent">Wide Angle Lens Systems.’ US Patent Filed 23 Dec 1957; Issued 18 Dec 1962. Applicants: Robert P. Bonnell, Jack V. Ramsey and Robert A Dillon, assigned to The Commonwealth of Australia. US Pat. Nº 3068752</ref> also used in WRETAR<ref name="Dixon">Dixon, F.A. (1961) Cameras with Wide Fields of view used in Rocket Research at the Woomera Range, South Australia. In: K.J. Habell (ed.), Proceedings of the Conference on Optical Instruments and Techniques London 1961. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp.273-278.</ref> and WRECISS<ref name="Dixon" /><ref>WRECISS—Weapons Research Establishment Camera Interception Single-Shot</ref><ref>‘Midget Camera for Guided Missiles.’ <i>The Photographic Journal</i> vol. 100, 1960, 173.—‘Midget Camera for Guided Missiles.’ <i>Industrial and Commercial Photographer</i> vol. 1, nº 2, 1960 p. 40.—‘Midget Camera for Guided Missiles.’ <i>Aircraft Engineering</i> vol. 32, 1960, p. 119.—‘Midget Camera for Guided Missiles.’ <i>Military Review</i> vol. 40, nº 1, 1960, p. 78.—‘Camera measures missile accuracy.’ <i>Missiles and Rockets</i> vol. 6, 1960, p. 32.—Beharrell, B | Collier, M J (1966) Photogrammetric methods applied to WRECISS computation (Photogrammetric methods applied to calculation of target position and attitude relative to missile). <i>WRE Technical Note</i> TRD-22, 16pp. Salisbury (Australia): Weapons Research Establishment, Dept. of Supply</ref>
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| − | The camera had to be designed very small and compact to fit into the missile, but also robust enough to withstand ground impact for those occasions where the missile crashed accidentally or where the standard parachute recovery was not used.<ref name="Dixon" />.
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| − | | |
| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6346763000/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6213/6346763000_429c7a03d0_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= left
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| − | |image_text= Lens Diagram of the Dixon Ultra Wide Angle Lens
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Description===
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| − | The extreme 186° fish-eye angle of the lens was restricted to a narrow slit of 2 mm width. The 35mm film was moved at a constant speed past the slit and was exposed at f/8 with an exposure time of 2 milliseconds. The camera had the capacity of 15 foot roll of colour film, which gave a total exposure time of 3 minutes. A time base was recorded at the film’s edge and three stadia lines were imprinted on the film.<ref name="Dixon" />
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| − | While technically a WREROC is a high speed cine camera, the resulting film was not projected as a movie. Rather, the resulting negative is a continual strip that shows the horizon throughout the duration of the flight.
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| − | Two cameras were installed in the missile at right angles to the roll axis, pointing in opposite directions. This dual installation provided instrumentation redundancy, but also removed ambiguity in situations where the white glare coming of salt lakes could be confused with the sky just above the horizon.<ref name="Dixon" />
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| − | | |
| − | The camera measures 7 x 8 x 5 cm (3 x 3 5/8 x 2 inches) and weighs 1.32kg (2.9 lb) ! It has been milled from a single piece of steel. Access to the internal mechanism (film advance, shutters, electro motor, diodes for time-base), as well as loading the unit with film, is achieved by two solid side plates that are securely bolted down in recessed (flush with the body).
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| − | | |
| − | {|class=plainlinks align=center
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| − | ||
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6392816147/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7161/6392816147_a492aaed2a_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= center
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| − | |image_text= Two units
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| − | |image_by=
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| − | |image_rights=
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| − | }}
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| − | ||
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6392823477/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6108/6392823477_158a41e070_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= center
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| − | |image_text= Frontal View with lens cover
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| − | |image_by=
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| − | |image_rights=
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| − | }}
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| − | ||
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6392839171/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7160/6392839171_c9c6250c22_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= center
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| − | |image_text= Side View
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| − | |image_by=
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| − | |image_rights=
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| − | }}
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| − | ||
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| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/56263927836859846543/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7167/6392783685_714bd5398c_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= top
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| − | |image_text= Detail of the lens
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| − | |image_by=
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| − | |image_rights=
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| − | }}
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| − | |-
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| − | |colspan=4 align="center"|
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| − | {{Flickr_image_caption
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| − | |image_text= A Weapons Research Establishment Roll Orientation Camera (WREROC)
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | }}
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ===Links===
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| − | *Spennemann, Dirk HR (2011) History, Description and Technical Details of the WREROC missile cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :} ¶¶
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| − | | |
| − | ===Notes===
| |
| − | <references /> | |
| − | [[Category:Australia]]
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| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | | |
| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ==Beck==
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| − | | |
| − | * Asymmetrical Lens CLean mine!
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| − | | |
| − | http://www.flickr.com/photos/skink74/147824376/
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Beck Sky Camera===
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| − | | |
| − | ===Beck Guided Weapons Lenses===
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| − | | |
| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6317304867/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6038/6317304867_5ff2860ef2_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= R&J Beck designed G.W. Type 2 Mk.3 lens
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | }}
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| − | The folowing lenses have been documented
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| − | * GW Type 2 Mk 2 (on a [[Dekko GW 1]] Mk1A)
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| − | :The lens is
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| − | * GW Type 2 Mk 3 (on a [[Dekko GW 1]] Mk1A and a [[Beck GW 2]])
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| − | :The lens is similar to the Type 2 M2, but is surrounded by four diodes for @@@
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| − | * GW Type 3 Mk 2 (on a [[Dekko GW 1]] Mk1C)
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
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| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{br}}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | | |
| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | =Dekko=
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| − | Between the 1930s and 1950s Dekko Cameras Ltd<ref>Addresses:1934-1938: Slough, Buckinghamshire; 1938-1950s: Telford Way, East Acton, London, W3, UK</ref> produced a range of cine cameras for civilian application<ref> For patents held by Dekko see: Perfectionnements aux chargeurs de film pour caméras. Inventors Alan Percy Smith and Henry Arthur Bence-Trower. Applicant Dekko Cameras Ltd. Application date 25 August 1938. Publication date 14 June 1939. French Patent nº FR 842562 (A).—Improvements in or relating to cinematograph projectors. Inventors Dekko Cameras Ltd. and Frederick Wheeler Stanley. Applicant Dekko Cameras Ltd. Application date 28 February 1948; Publication date 6 January 1952. British patent nº GB 665136 (A).</ref> In addition, Dekko produced a range of projectors for 8mm, 9.5mm and 16mm format.<ref>Dekko 1 (1937?), 9.5mm projector with crank 60 ft reels 40V. 15W; Dekko 2 (1937?), 9.5mm projector with motor 60 ft reels 40V. 15W; Dekko 3 (1939), 9.5mm projector with crank 50V 25W; Dekko 4 (1939), 9.5mm projector with motor 50V. 25W; Dekko 5 (1939), 9.5mm projector 400 ft; Dekko 6 (1939), 9.5mm projector 400 ft; Dekko 7 (1939), 9.5mm projector 400 ft; Dekko 8 (1939), 9.5mm projector 400 ft; Dekko 48 (1939), 9.5mm projector 100/115V. 50 W. 400 ft.; Dekko 118a (1947), 8mm projector 500 W; Dekko 118b (1947), 8mm projector 500 W; Dekko 118c (1947), 8mm projector 500 W; Dekko 119a (1947), 9.5mm projector 110V. 500 W.; Dekko 119b (1947), 9.5mm projector 110V. 500W; Dekko 119c (1947), 9.5mm projector 110V. 750W; Dekko 126A (1949), 16mm projector 500W; Dekko 126B (1949), 16mm projector 500W; Dekko 126C (1949), 16mm projector 500W.—See also: Dekko Cameras Ltd. (1952) Projector for 16 mm cinematograph films. ''Journal of Scientific Instruments'' vol. 29 nº 2, pp. 62-63.</ref>
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| − | | |
| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/bispham2/3425353105/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3346/3425353105_6bcef74188.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= Dekko 128
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| − | |image_by= John Burke
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | }}
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| − | ==Civilian Cameras==
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| − | *Dekko Standard (1934)—a Bakelite 9.5mm camera (1.2kg, 59x125x133 mm)<ref name="Vacini">[http://www.binoculars-cinecollectors.com/html/body_9_5_mm_camera_page2.html 9.5mm cameras] (Anna & Terry Vacini Binocular and Cine Collection).</ref><ref>Advertisement ''The Straits Times,'' 4 April 1935, Page 1 Column 2.</ref> on record with:
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| − | | |
| − | **[[Dallmeyer]] Triple Anastigmat f/2.9 25mm
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| − | **Dekko Anastigmat-[[National Optical Company |National Opt. Co.]] Leicester; f/2.8 25mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | **[[Dallmeyer]] Anastigmat f/3.5 20mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | **[[Dallmeyer]] Popular Telephoto f/4 75mm<ref>[http://www.ssplprints.com/image/87347/dekko-9-5mm-cine-camera-english-c-1930 National Media Museum / Science & Society]</ref>
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| − | **[[Ross]] Cine Lens f/1.9 25mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | **[[Taylor-Hobson]] f/2.5 23mm
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| − | **[[Wray]] London Dekko Anastigmat f/3.5 20 mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | *Dekko 104 DeLuxe (1935)—a bakelite 9.5mm camera, 8-64 fps, could shoot stills (1.45 kg, 59x125x150 mm) on record with:
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| − | ** [[Dallmeyer]] Speed Anastigmat f/1.5 25mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | **SOM [[Berthiot]] Paris Cinor B f/1.9 25mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | **[[Taylor-Hobson]] Anastigmat f/2.5 23mm<ref name="Vacini" />
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| − | *Dekko 110 (1947)—a metal 8mm camera fitted with National Optic Anastigmat f/2.5 12.5mm
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| − | *Dekko 128 (1950)—a 8mm camera (0.9 kg, 63x127x127 mm) with National Optic Anastigmat f/2.5 12.5mm
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| − | | |
| − | ????
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| − | *[[Wray]] Dekko 20mm Anastigmat F/3.5<ref>Lens only, has three holes on flange, one section of flange is a straight cut: Ebay 110729130708 (August 2011)</ref>
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| − | | |
| − | {{Flickr_image
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6317248885/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6225/6317248885_c5e56a8f1d_m.jpg
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| − | |image_align= right
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| − | |image_text= Dekko GW 1 Mk1C Aircraft Target Camera <br><small>fitted with R & J [[Beck]] GW Type 3 Mk2 lens</small>
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | }}
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| − | | |
| − | ==Military Cameras==
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| − | During World War II the company had also designed the Dekko type N model 136 (1940) aircraft magazine camera. After World War II it was approached by the Royal Air Force to develop a high speed camera to record missile strikes on target aircraft (the [[Dekko GW 1]]).<ref> Spennemann, Dirk HR (2011) History, Description and Technical Details of the GW Target Aircraft Cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :}
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| − | </ref> Even though the latter was technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target.
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| − | | |
| − | It seems that Dekko withdrew from the civilian movie camera market in the late 1950s and expanded into the business of electronics instrumentation<ref>‘The Industry’ ‘’Flight’’ 29 July 1957, p. 145</ref>. High speed cameras for research and instrumentation purposes continued to be produced,<ref>Coleman, K R (1967) Some recent work on the photography of transient events. ‘’Journal of Scientific Instruments’’ vol 44 nº 5, pp. 321</ref> as were adaptations of movie cameras to single shot devices for data recording of experiments<ref>Howell, R.S (1963) The Flight Recorder. Appendix 2 to: W.F. Fielding, Kinetic and solar heating of 1000lb bombs examined at R.A.F. Idris, August-September 1962. Technical Note WE 13. Farnborough: Royal Aircraft Establishment. Page 16</ref>.
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| − | | |
| − | ==Links==
| |
| − | * ¶¶ Spennemann, Dirk HR (2011) History, Description and Technical Details of the GW Target Aircraft Cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :}
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| − | * [http://www.pathefilm.freeserve.co.uk/95gear.htm 9.5 mm equipment catalogue]
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| − | * [http://www.binoculars-cinecollectors.com/html/body_9_5_mm_camera_page2.html 9.5mm cameras] (Anna & Terry Vacini Binocular and Cine Collection
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Notes==
| |
| − | <references />
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:UK]]
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| − | {{br}}
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| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
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| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
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| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | =Dekko GW 1=
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| − | {{Camera|cameraName = {{PAGENAME}}
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| − | | dateProduction = 1955- ~1957
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| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6317248885/in/pool-camerawiki
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| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6225/6317248885_c5e56a8f1d_m.jpg
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| − | |image_text= [[Dekko]] GW 1 Mk1C Aircraft Target Camera <br><small>fitted with R & J [[Beck]] GW Type 3 Mk2 lens</small>
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| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
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| − | |image_rights= with permission
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| − | | manu = Dekko Cameras Ltd
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| − | | type = high speed cine
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| − | | variants = Mk Ia, Ic & Ic
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| − | | film = 35mm
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| − | | FS = 5p (22.4mm L x 24mm H)
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| − | | lens =R & J [[Beck]] G.W. Type 2 Mk. 2<br> R & J [[Beck]] G.W. Type 3 Mk. 2
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| − | | shutter = rotary
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| − | | shutterRange = fixed
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| − | | finder =none
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| − | | metering = manual
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| − | | focusing = fixed
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| − | | flash = none
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| − | | advance = electric motor, 100 frames/sec
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| − | | weight = XXX
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| − | | size = XXXX (W x H x D)
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| − | }}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Background==
| |
| − | | |
| − | While technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target.
| |
| − | The film magazine took a standard 50ft roll of 35mm cine film, which gave the camera a run time of 12 seconds.
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{br}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{Flickr_image
| |
| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6393008679/in/pool-camerawiki
| |
| − | |image= http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7021/6393008679_45d8f101e0_m.jpg
| |
| − | |image_align= right
| |
| − | |image_text= [[Dekko GW 1]] Mk 1A
| |
| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
| |
| − | |image_rights= with permission
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | ==Technical designs==
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Mk 1A===
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Mk 1B===
| |
| − | The existence of a Mark 1B camera can be inferred but units of this type have not been available for examination at the time of writing.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Mk 1C===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Mk 1D===
| |
| − | The identification data engraved on the cover for the film magazine-loading bay read the same as those documented for the Mark 1C, with the exception that the text Mk 1C’ has been replaced by ‘Mk 1D.’ The sole Mk 1D unit examined carried a R&J [[Beck]] GW Type 3 lens. There is no readily visible difference between the Mk1C and Mk1D models, either in overall appearance, lenses or mechanics.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Links==
| |
| − | * ¶¶ Spennemann, Dirk HR (2011) History, Description and Technical Details of the GW Target Aircraft Cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Notes==
| |
| − | <references />
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:UK]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{br}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
| |
| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
| |
| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | =Beck GW 2=
| |
| − | {{Camera|cameraName = {{PAGENAME}}
| |
| − | | dateProduction = 1955- ~1957
| |
| − | |image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefutures/6317845182/in/pool-camerawiki
| |
| − | |image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6053/6317845182_d738d7cc90_m.jpg
| |
| − | |image_text= [[Beck]] GW 2 Mk1C Aircraft Target Camera <br><small>fitted with R & J [[Beck]] G.W. Type 3 Mk.3 lens</small>
| |
| − | |image_by= Dirk HR Spennemann
| |
| − | | manu = Dekko Cameras Ltd
| |
| − | | type = high speed cine
| |
| − | | variants = Mk Ia, Ic & Ic
| |
| − | | film = 35mm
| |
| − | | FS = 5p (22.4mm L x 24mm H)
| |
| − | | lens = R & J [[Beck]] G.W. Type 3 Mk. 3
| |
| − | | shutter = rotary
| |
| − | | shutterRange = fixed
| |
| − | | finder =none
| |
| − | | metering = manual
| |
| − | | focusing = fixed
| |
| − | | flash = none
| |
| − | | advance = electric motor, 100 frames/sec
| |
| − | | weight = XXX
| |
| − | | size = XXXX (W x H x D)
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Background==
| |
| − | While technically a high speed cine camera, shooting at 100 frames/second, the resulting negatives were not projected as a film but examined individually in order to assess the miss distance of the missile in relation to its target.
| |
| − | The film magazine took a 100 foot roll, which gave the camera a run time of 12 seconds.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Technical designs==
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Links==
| |
| − | * ¶¶ Spennemann, Dirk HR (2011) History, Description and Technical Details of the GW Target Aircraft Cameras. vers. 1.0 {: CAMERA | TOPIA :}
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Notes==
| |
| − | <references />
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:UK]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Scientific cameras]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Aerial cameras]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Military cameras]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{br}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {{WIP}}
| |
| − | {|class=plainlinks style="text-align: left;"
| |
| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" width=1200px |'''FEEL FREE TO LOOK, BUT PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH...'''
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | =PAGE ONE -- MAIN ENTRY FOR MAMIYA-SIX=
| |
| − | {{Japanese Six}}
| |
| − | ''This article is about the spring-folder camera made by Mamiya in the 1940s and 50s. For the 1990s camera, see [[Mamiya 6]].''
| |
| − | | |
| − | The '''Mamiya Six''' is a series of 6×6 folders with a coupled rangefinder, made by [[Mamiya]] from 1940 to the 1950s. All of them are focused by moving the film plane, rather than the more common front-cell focussing of other folders of the time.
| |
| − | | |
| − | = History =
| |
| − | The brain behind the development of the Mamiya Six was the inventor [[Seiichi Mamiya]]. His camera design departed from the common method of front cell focussing. In order to be able to control the camera when looking through the rangefinder while maintaining a steady hold,<ref> Seiichi Mamiya had field an earlier application with the British Patent Office (for an improvement in single lens reflex cameras) again emphasising the need to be able to maintain control when focussing. While that application was successful, the patent was not granted as Mamiya failed to pay the sealing fee: "Improvements In Or Relating To Photographic Cameras. Patent GB326688. Filed 17 April 1929; Published 20 March 1930.[[http://www.wikipatents.com/GB-Patent-326688/improvements-in-or-relating-to-photographic-cameras | GB-Patent-326688/]]</ref> he designed a method that allowed the film plane to move in relation to the lens. He filed his invention on 1 July 1939 in Japan<ref>Japanese utility model publication (実用新案出現広告) no.S15-14673. Applied for (出現) on Jul. 1, 1939 and published (公告) on Oct. 5, 1940.</ref>, on ¶¶ 1940 in the United Kingdom<ref>Improvements In And Relating To Focusing Devices For Portable Photographic Cameras. Patent GB542016. Filed ¶¶. Published 22 December 1941.</ref> and on 5 June 1940 in the U.S.A. The U.S. Patent (nº 2,305,301) was granted on 15 December 1942, but, because of the state of war between the USA and Japan, was vested in the Alien Property Custodian.<ref>Focussing Device for Portable Photographic Cameras. Patent application by Seiichi Mamiya, Ohita, Takata-Gun, Japan. Filed 5 June 1940, granted 15 December 1942. U.S. Patent nº 2,305,301.</ref>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | == Evolution ==
| |
| − | {{Flickr image
| |
| − | | image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/5271286604
| |
| − | | image= http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5004/5271286604_2c959ca46c_m.jpg
| |
| − | | image_align=right
| |
| − | | image_text= Prototpye of the Mamiya Six<br><small>Image in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'' (アサヒカメラ) July 1951, p. 88 <br>Scanned by rebollo_fr.</small>
| |
| − | | image_rights=public domain Japan new
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | The first model [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six I| ('''Mamiya Six I''')]] was advertised in September 1940 and first went on sale in December 1940. Until the end of the World War II, the Mamiya Six was significantly modified at least three times: first in early 1941 ([[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six I|model Ia]]) with two additional improved models introduced in the next two years. Erratically, [[Mamiya Six III|model III]] was released in 1942<ref>According to the official Mamiya history website [http://www.mamiya.co.jp/home/camera/museum/janru/chu-renjifain.htm | History of Mamiya Six (Mamiya history website)]</ref> before [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six II|model II]] appeared in 1943. All pre-war and war-time models have a twin set of range finder windows as well as a small, seperate [[Brillant]]-type waist-level viewfinder, resulting in [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Rangefinder Windows| three windows]] at the front. All units have a single red [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Rangefinder Windows| film frame counter window]] counter on the back with a horizontal slider opening to the left. The Mamiya Six III added an exposure counter with double exposure prevention. The pre-war and war-time models were all 6x6 format cameras.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Production of the Mamiya Six was restarted after World War II. The first cameras to be sold were [[Mamiya Six III]]. It is not clear to what extent these units were assembled from existing spare parts, or whether all are totally new construction. The official Mamiya history states that ¶¶¶
| |
| − | These post-War [[Mamiya Six III#Post war versions|Mamiya Six III]] were fitted with which was introduced in Takatiho Tokio [[Zuiko]] f/3.5 75mm lenses, which debuted in 1946.<ref>See the lens chronology on the [[Zuiko]] page.</ref>
| |
| − | The first <i>new</i> model to appear was the '''[[Mamiya Six IV]]''', introduced in 1947, which dispensed with the waist-level finder. It remained the sole model until 1953. The '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six V|Mamiya Six V]]''' added the dual 6×6 and 4.5×6 format capability, with an exposure counter functioning with both formats. The '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six K|Mamiya Six K]]''' was a simpler model, with film advance via red windows.
| |
| − | | |
| − | In 1955, the '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IVb|Mamiya Six IVb]]''' introduced a squarer body design, easily recognized by the square rangefinder window. Its features were similar to the model IV. The '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six K2|Mamiya Six K2]]''' was similar to the model K with the new body. The body design was slightly modified again for the '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IVs|Mamiya Six IVs]]''' and simpler '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six P|Mamiya Six P]]'''.
| |
| − | | |
| − | From 1955, the '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Automat|Mamiya Six Automat]]''' and the later '''[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Automat|Automat 2]]''' added a coupling between the shutter cocking and the film advance.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Chronology of Models===
| |
| − | Given the quite erratic nature of model numbering that occurred over the years, the chronology of the thirteen major Mamiya Six models is set out in Table 1. The characteristcs of the individual models, as well as the variants within these models, are described further below. If in doubt about some of the features mentioned in the type descriptions, please refer to the [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations| visual documentation of the critical elements]] which provides a dichotomous key as well as a series of illustrations showing the model-specific details.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <b>Table 1 Chronology of Mamiya Six Cameras</b>
| |
| − | {|rules=rows
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |'''Release Date '''
| |
| − | | '''Model/Variant'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |pre-War Production
| |
| − | |1940, September
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six I]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1941, January<br>
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six I#Mamiya Six Ia|Mamiya Six Ia]]<br>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |War Production
| |
| − | |1942, January
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six III#Mamiya Six III (war-time version)|Mamiya Six III]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1943
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six II]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1943?
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six II#Mamiya Six IIa|Mamiya Six IIa]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1945<br>
| |
| − | | Production Ceased<br>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |post-War Production
| |
| − | |1946, November
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya_Six III#Mamiya Six III (post war versions)|Mamiya Six III]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1947
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six IV]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1953, November
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six V]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1954, August
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six K]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1955, May
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six IVb]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1955, December
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six Automat]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1956, March
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six K2]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1957, October
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six IVs]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1957, December
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six P]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |1958
| |
| − | | [[Mamiya Six Automat 2]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | : <br>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Dichotomous Key to aid identification of models==
| |
| − | | |
| − | The Mamiya Six comes in a bewildering range of variants. The interactive, dichotomous key provided below provides an avenue at identifying the types of Mamiya Six. Once you have identified your model, click on the model name to be taken to a full description. If you are unclear about any of the criteria, either click on the criterion name or [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations | jump to this page]] for visual identification guides.
| |
| − | <!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -->
| |
| − | <!-- INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY STARTS HERE -- INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY STARTS HERE -- INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY STARTS HERE -->
| |
| − | <!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -->
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2"| Use this interactive key to help identify your Mamiya Six model
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || How many viewfinder windows are on the front?
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | | Two
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || Is there a horizontal bar underneath the lens?
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Yes
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || The right hand, square viewfinder window is...
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || - Flush with the casing→[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Automat|Mamiya Six Automat]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || - Surrounded by a small back rim → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Automat 2|Mamiya Six Automat 2]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || No
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || The right hand, square viewfinder window is...
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || • Flush with the casing
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Film Advance knob is
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Solid with film speed on top
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six P|Mamiya Six P]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Mushroom shaped
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | | Depth of Field Indicator is
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | in a small raised ring → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IVb|Mamiya Six IVb]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | flush with top housing → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six K2|Mamiya Six K2]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || • Surrounded by a small black rim
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IVs|Mamiya Six IVs]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || • Surrounded by small rectangular plate
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Viewfinder housing to the left of the<br> shutter release is
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | v Curved → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IV|Mamiya Six IV]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | Straight → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six K|Mamiya Six K]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || • Surrounded by a large rectangular plate
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | that encompasses the left round window as well → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six V|Mamiya Six V]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <!--START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE START OF THREE -->
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | ||Three
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 | Does the body have triangular neckstrap lugs?
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Yes
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 | How many [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Strut Mechanism|Struts]] ?
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | Two → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Ia|Mamiya Six Ia]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 | Three → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six I|Mamiya Six I]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || No
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 | Is there a [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Flash Contacts|Flash Contact]]?
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || Yes
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 | The [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Flash Shoe | cold shoe for the flash]] is fastened with
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || two screws, set diagonal → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six III (post war versions)|Mamiya Six III post-War production]]
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 | front door release is
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || single raised button → Variant A
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || twin set of buttons → Variant B
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || three screws → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six III (war-time version)|Mamiya Six III war-time production]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 |
| |
| − | {| class="collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| |
| − | || No
| |
| − | !
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |colspan=2 | How many [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Strut Mechanism|Struts]] ?
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || Two → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IIa|Mamiya Six IIa]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | || Three → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six II|Mamiya Six II]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -->
| |
| − | <!-- INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY ENDS HERE -- INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY ENDS HERE -- INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY ENDS HERE -->
| |
| − | <!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -->
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==NON INTERACTIVE DICHOTOMOUS KEY ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | {|rules=rows
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |bgcolor="#A9F5F2" | '''''START'' : How many viewfinder windows are on the front?'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |bgcolor="#E0F8F7" | [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Rangefinder Windows| '''TWO''']] Windows
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| − | :Is there a horizontal bar underneath the lens?
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| − | ::Yes
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| − | :::The right hand, square viewfinder window is:
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| − | ::::Flush with the casing→[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Automat|Mamiya Six Automat]]
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| − | ::::Surrounded by a small back rim → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Automat 2|Mamiya Six Automat 2]]
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| − | ::No
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| − | :::The right hand, square viewfinder window is:
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| − | ::::Flush with the casing
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| − | :::::Film Advance knob is
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| − | ::::::Solid with film speed on top→[[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six P|Mamiya Six P]]
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| − | ::::::Mushroom shaped
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| − | :::::::Depth of Field Indicator is
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| − | ::::::::in a small raised ring → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IVb|Mamiya Six IVb]]
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| − | ::::::::flush with top housing → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six K2|Mamiya Six K2]]
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| − | ::::Surrounded by a small black rim → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IVs|Mamiya Six IVs]]
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| − | ::::Surrounded by small rectangular plate
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| − | ::::::Viewfinder housing to the left of the shutter release is
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| − | ::::::Curved→ [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IV|Mamiya Six IV]]
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| − | ::::::Straight → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six K|Mamiya Six K]]
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| − | ::::Surrounded by a rectangular plate that encompasses the left round window as well → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six V|Mamiya Six V]]
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| − | |-
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| − | |bgcolor="#E0F8F7" | [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Rangefinder Windows| '''THREE''']] Windows
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| − | :Does the body have triangular neckstrap lugs?
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| − | ::Yes
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| − | :::How many [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Strut Mechanism|Struts]] ?
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| − | ::::Two → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six Ia|Mamiya Six Ia]]
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| − | ::::Three → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six I|Mamiya Six I]]
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| − | ::No
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| − | :::Is there a [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Flash Contacts|Flash Contact]]?
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| − | ::::Yes
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| − | :::::The [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Flash Shoe | cold shoe for the flash]] is fastened with
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| − | ::::::two screws, set diagonal → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six III (post war versions)|Mamiya Six III post-War production]]
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| − | :::::::front door release is
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| − | ::::::::single raised button → Variant A
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| − | ::::::::twin set of buttons → Variant B
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| − | ::::::three screws → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six III (war-time version)|Mamiya Six III war-time production]]
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| − | ::::No
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| − | :::::How many [[Mamiya_Six_Design_Variations#Strut Mechanism|Struts]] ?
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| − | ::::::Two → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six IIa|Mamiya Six IIa]]
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| − | ::::::Three → [[Mamiya_Six#Mamiya Six II|Mamiya Six II]]
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Notes==
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| − | <references /> | |
