Difference between revisions of "Pearl (6×9 self-erecting)"
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| − | The name '''Pearl''' was given by Konishi | + | The name '''Pearl''' was given by Konishi Honten and Konishiroku Honten (the later [[Konica]]) to many models of rollfilm folders.<ref>"Pearl" is written in roman script on most or all of these models. In Japanese, the line was and is called ''Pāru'' (i.e. the English word "Pearl" within Japanese phonology): the Japanese word for "pearl" is ''shinju'' (真珠), but this does not seem ever to have been applied to the camera.</ref> ''See also [[Pearl (4.5×6 folders)]].''<!-- and there are 127 Baby Pearls and Pearlettes --> |
| − | The original '''Pearl''', released in 1909, was a copy of the No. 3 Folding Pocket Kodak, but for ''tefuda'' (3¼×4¼ in.) format plates as well as 118 film. Most versions were called the '''Portable | + | The original '''Pearl''', released by Konishi Honten in 1909, was a copy of the No. 3 Folding Pocket Kodak, but for ''tefuda'' (3¼×4¼ in.) format plates as well as 118 film. Most versions were called the '''Pearl Portable'''<ref>This is an arbitrary translation of ''Pāru tesage anbako'' (パール手提暗函), which could also be rendered as Portable Pearl or Pearl Hand Camera.</ref> and have only a [[brilliant finder]] perched on the front of the lens. Various lenses and shutters were available for it; for example, the no. 3 Pearl had a Rapid Rectilinear lens and Simplex shutter, and the no. 4 Pearl had a Zeiss Protar lens and an Automatic shutter, or a IIB Tessar lens and Compound shutter. Meanwhile, the '''Special Pearl''' added a folding viewfinder, and had a Deltas f/6.8 or Velostigmat Series IV f/6.3 lens in ''tefuda'' format or a Velostigmat Series IV f/6.3 or f/7.5 lens for 4×5 in. format.<ref>''Japanese Historical Camera,'' p. 6; Lewis, ed., ''History of the Japanese Camera,'' p. 33; ''Konika-Minoruta-ten,'' p. 5.</ref> |
| − | The '''Pearl 2''', released in 1923, is for 6×9cm pictures on [[120 film]], and was the first Japanese camera sold for roll film only. At first it was supplied with a lens and shutter from [[Wollensak]]; alternatives were available later. | + | The '''Pearl 2''', released by Konishiroku Honten in 1923, is for 6×9cm pictures on [[120 film]], and was the first Japanese camera sold for roll film only. At first it was supplied with a lens and shutter from [[Wollensak]]; alternatives were available later.<ref>''Japanese Historical Camera,'' p. 11; ''Konika-Minoruta-ten,'' pp. 5–6.</ref> |
| − | The '''Year-Eight Pearl'''<ref>This is | + | An improved model, sold from 1930 (some sources say 1931), is made of metal rather than wood, provides for 4.5×6 as well as 6×9 exposures, and has a wire frame finder hinged on the lens assembly, with the eyepiece on the body itself. It has a Deltas or Trinar lens and a Gammax, Prontor or Ibsor shutter.<ref>''Japanese Historical Camera,'' p. 15; ''Konika-Minoruta-ten,'' pp. 5–6; Lewis, ed., ''History of the Japanese Camera,'' p. 50.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | The '''Year-Eight Pearl'''<ref>This is an arbitrary translation of ''hachinen-gata Pāru'' (8年型パール) named after year 8 of Shōwa, i.e. 1933.</ref> (1933) is a folder with a self-erecting lens: the bellows open and the lens board springs forward when the front is opened. It thus appears to be a copy of the Zeiss Ikonta of 1929; however, focusing moves the entire lens assembly, mounted on a helical, and not merely the frontmost element. There is a folding frame finder on the body and a brilliant finder on the shutter housing. The lens is an f/6.3 or f/4.5 Zion (later, Optor) by Asahi Kōgaku. There was the choice between two Konishiroku shutters, both with two blades and having a dial under the brilliant finder: an Apus shutter (copy of the German Vario; T, B, 25, 50, 100) or a ゼウス <!-- maybe Zeus --> shutter (copy of the German Ibsor; T, B, 1–2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 125).<ref>''Japanese Historical Camera,'' p. 18; ''Konika-Minoruta-ten,'' p. 6; Tanaka, p. 58.</ref> | ||
The '''Pearl with rangefinder'''<ref>In Japanese, the camera is referred to as ''kyorikei-tsuki Pāru'' (距離計つきパール).</ref> (1936) moves the folding frame finder to the far left (as seen by the photographer), above the hinge, thereby making space for a separate, horizontal rangefinder, attached via an accessory shoe. The "Sakura" brand rangefinder that was supplied is a device of high quality, with a baselength of 60mm.<ref>Tanaka, p. 58.</ref> | The '''Pearl with rangefinder'''<ref>In Japanese, the camera is referred to as ''kyorikei-tsuki Pāru'' (距離計つきパール).</ref> (1936) moves the folding frame finder to the far left (as seen by the photographer), above the hinge, thereby making space for a separate, horizontal rangefinder, attached via an accessory shoe. The "Sakura" brand rangefinder that was supplied is a device of high quality, with a baselength of 60mm.<ref>Tanaka, p. 58.</ref> | ||
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==Sources and further reading== | ==Sources and further reading== | ||
| − | In English | + | With English text: |
| + | * ''The Japanese Historical Camera.'' 2nd ed. Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 2004. (In both English and Japanese.) <!-- This book, whose alternative title is 日本の歴史的カメラ, has no ISBN and perhaps is only sold at the museum. --> | ||
* Lewis, Gordon, ed. ''The History of the Japanese Camera.'' Rochester, N.Y.: International Museum of Photography, 1991. ISBN 0-935398-16-3 (hard) ISBN 0-935398-17-1 (paper) | * Lewis, Gordon, ed. ''The History of the Japanese Camera.'' Rochester, N.Y.: International Museum of Photography, 1991. ISBN 0-935398-16-3 (hard) ISBN 0-935398-17-1 (paper) | ||
| − | In Japanese: | + | In Japanese only: |
* Inoue Yasuo (井上康夫). "Koten meigyoku o sagasō: Hachinen-gata Pāru, Oputā 10.5cm f/4.5" (古典名玉を探そう: 8年型パール・オプター10.5cmF4.5, Let's hunt out famous old lenses: The Year-Eight Pearl and Optor 10.5cm f/4.5). ''Shashin Kōgyō,'' March 2005. <!-- Not seen. Source for this info: http://www.shashinkogyo.co.jp/sk-teiki/sk-kako/sk-2005/0503sk-m.html --> | * Inoue Yasuo (井上康夫). "Koten meigyoku o sagasō: Hachinen-gata Pāru, Oputā 10.5cm f/4.5" (古典名玉を探そう: 8年型パール・オプター10.5cmF4.5, Let's hunt out famous old lenses: The Year-Eight Pearl and Optor 10.5cm f/4.5). ''Shashin Kōgyō,'' March 2005. <!-- Not seen. Source for this info: http://www.shashinkogyo.co.jp/sk-teiki/sk-kako/sk-2005/0503sk-m.html --> | ||
* ''Konika-Minoruta-ten'' (コニカミノルタ展, Konica-Minolta Exhibition). Exhibition catalogue. Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 2005. | * ''Konika-Minoruta-ten'' (コニカミノルタ展, Konica-Minolta Exhibition). Exhibition catalogue. Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 2005. | ||
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==Links== | ==Links== | ||
| + | In Japanese: | ||
* Pages of the [http://www2f.biglobe.ne.jp/~ter-1212/sakura/index.htm R. Konishi Rokuoh-sha website]: | * Pages of the [http://www2f.biglobe.ne.jp/~ter-1212/sakura/index.htm R. Konishi Rokuoh-sha website]: | ||
** [http://www2f.biglobe.ne.jp/~ter-1212/sakura/pearl.htm Pearl cameras] | ** [http://www2f.biglobe.ne.jp/~ter-1212/sakura/pearl.htm Pearl cameras] | ||
Revision as of 23:34, 4 July 2006
This article is a stub. You can help Camera-wiki.org by expanding it.
The name Pearl was given by Konishi Honten and Konishiroku Honten (the later Konica) to many models of rollfilm folders.[1] See also Pearl (4.5×6 folders).
The original Pearl, released by Konishi Honten in 1909, was a copy of the No. 3 Folding Pocket Kodak, but for tefuda (3¼×4¼ in.) format plates as well as 118 film. Most versions were called the Pearl Portable[2] and have only a brilliant finder perched on the front of the lens. Various lenses and shutters were available for it; for example, the no. 3 Pearl had a Rapid Rectilinear lens and Simplex shutter, and the no. 4 Pearl had a Zeiss Protar lens and an Automatic shutter, or a IIB Tessar lens and Compound shutter. Meanwhile, the Special Pearl added a folding viewfinder, and had a Deltas f/6.8 or Velostigmat Series IV f/6.3 lens in tefuda format or a Velostigmat Series IV f/6.3 or f/7.5 lens for 4×5 in. format.[3]
The Pearl 2, released by Konishiroku Honten in 1923, is for 6×9cm pictures on 120 film, and was the first Japanese camera sold for roll film only. At first it was supplied with a lens and shutter from Wollensak; alternatives were available later.[4]
An improved model, sold from 1930 (some sources say 1931), is made of metal rather than wood, provides for 4.5×6 as well as 6×9 exposures, and has a wire frame finder hinged on the lens assembly, with the eyepiece on the body itself. It has a Deltas or Trinar lens and a Gammax, Prontor or Ibsor shutter.[5]
The Year-Eight Pearl[6] (1933) is a folder with a self-erecting lens: the bellows open and the lens board springs forward when the front is opened. It thus appears to be a copy of the Zeiss Ikonta of 1929; however, focusing moves the entire lens assembly, mounted on a helical, and not merely the frontmost element. There is a folding frame finder on the body and a brilliant finder on the shutter housing. The lens is an f/6.3 or f/4.5 Zion (later, Optor) by Asahi Kōgaku. There was the choice between two Konishiroku shutters, both with two blades and having a dial under the brilliant finder: an Apus shutter (copy of the German Vario; T, B, 25, 50, 100) or a ゼウス shutter (copy of the German Ibsor; T, B, 1–2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 125).[7]
The Pearl with rangefinder[8] (1936) moves the folding frame finder to the far left (as seen by the photographer), above the hinge, thereby making space for a separate, horizontal rangefinder, attached via an accessory shoe. The "Sakura" brand rangefinder that was supplied is a device of high quality, with a baselength of 60mm.[9]
Notes
- ↑ "Pearl" is written in roman script on most or all of these models. In Japanese, the line was and is called Pāru (i.e. the English word "Pearl" within Japanese phonology): the Japanese word for "pearl" is shinju (真珠), but this does not seem ever to have been applied to the camera.
- ↑ This is an arbitrary translation of Pāru tesage anbako (パール手提暗函), which could also be rendered as Portable Pearl or Pearl Hand Camera.
- ↑ Japanese Historical Camera, p. 6; Lewis, ed., History of the Japanese Camera, p. 33; Konika-Minoruta-ten, p. 5.
- ↑ Japanese Historical Camera, p. 11; Konika-Minoruta-ten, pp. 5–6.
- ↑ Japanese Historical Camera, p. 15; Konika-Minoruta-ten, pp. 5–6; Lewis, ed., History of the Japanese Camera, p. 50.
- ↑ This is an arbitrary translation of hachinen-gata Pāru (8年型パール) named after year 8 of Shōwa, i.e. 1933.
- ↑ Japanese Historical Camera, p. 18; Konika-Minoruta-ten, p. 6; Tanaka, p. 58.
- ↑ In Japanese, the camera is referred to as kyorikei-tsuki Pāru (距離計つきパール).
- ↑ Tanaka, p. 58.
Sources and further reading
With English text:
- The Japanese Historical Camera. 2nd ed. Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 2004. (In both English and Japanese.)
- Lewis, Gordon, ed. The History of the Japanese Camera. Rochester, N.Y.: International Museum of Photography, 1991. ISBN 0-935398-16-3 (hard) ISBN 0-935398-17-1 (paper)
In Japanese only:
- Inoue Yasuo (井上康夫). "Koten meigyoku o sagasō: Hachinen-gata Pāru, Oputā 10.5cm f/4.5" (古典名玉を探そう: 8年型パール・オプター10.5cmF4.5, Let's hunt out famous old lenses: The Year-Eight Pearl and Optor 10.5cm f/4.5). Shashin Kōgyō, March 2005.
- Konika-Minoruta-ten (コニカミノルタ展, Konica-Minolta Exhibition). Exhibition catalogue. Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 2005.
- Tanaka (田中政雄). "Nihon no supuringu-kamera: Konishiroku" (日本のスプリングカメラ Konishiroku, The spring cameras of Japan: Konishiroku). Kamera Rebyū Bessatsu: Kurashikku Kamera Senka / All about Historical Cameras, Autumn 1986 (special issue on Supuringu Kamera [スプリングカメラ, spring cameras]), 58–61.
Links
In Japanese:
- Pages of the R. Konishi Rokuoh-sha website:
- Improved Pearl 2 and Year-Eight Pearl in the Camera database of the Center of the History of Japanese Industrial Technology
