FIL
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FIL (ФИЛ) electronic flashes were made by the Norma company of Tallin in Estonia (former USSR) from 1957 to 1990s.
The production line included models of different size and power, from small popular models to big, handle mounted professional units. Some of them were equipped with variable power settings, but no automatic exposure control was used, nor bounce and swivel heads. FIL flashes - with an exception of FIL-22 - were all powered by 220 V mains, but majority of them was sold in sets with dedicated battery packs.
A battery pack for powering 220 V mains flashes with four D-size cells was also marketed by Norma as a separate item.
FIL electronic flashes
- FIL
- FIL-2
- FIL-3
- FIL-4
- FIL-5 - set of two flashes
- FIL-6 - set of two flashes
- FIL-7 - set of two flashes
- FIL-8 - set of two flashes
- FIL-9
- FIL-10 Nova
- FIL-10M
- FIL-11 - set of FIL-41 and a battery pack
- FIL-11M - set of FIL-41M and a battery pack
- FIL-12
- FIL-16 - set of FIL-46 and a battery pack
- FIL-22 - battery powered flash of 1990s
- FIL-40
- FIL-41
- FIL-41M - modernized FIL-41
- FIL-42
- FIL-46 - further development of FIL-41M, now with hot shoe
- FIL-100 - professional flash
- FIL-101 - FIL-100 with a built-in photocell
- FIL-102 - set of FIL-100 and FIL-101
- FIL-105 - professional flash
- FIL-106 - FIL-105 with a built-in photocell
- FIL-107 - set of FIL-105 and FIL-106
Sources
- Бунимовч Д.З., Фомин А.В.: Справочник фотогафа [Photographer's handbook]; Легкая Индустря, Moscow, 1979.
- Симонов А.Г.: Фотографирование при искусственном освещении [Photographing with artificial light]; Исскуство, Moscow, 1959.
