Difference between revisions of "Camera types"

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=== View Camera ===
 
 
=== Rangefinder ===
 
=== Rangefinder ===
  
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Other styles of rangefinder do exist, such as the electronic variety found in the [[Contax G1-G2]] cameras. In general, "rangefinder" focusing is often used to describe any focusing mechanism that doesn't view directly through the taking lens (or an identical copy of that lens, as in Twin Lens Reflex cameras).
 
Other styles of rangefinder do exist, such as the electronic variety found in the [[Contax G1-G2]] cameras. In general, "rangefinder" focusing is often used to describe any focusing mechanism that doesn't view directly through the taking lens (or an identical copy of that lens, as in Twin Lens Reflex cameras).
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=== Pocket and Point & Shoot cameras ===
 
  
 
=== Single Lens Reflex ===
 
=== Single Lens Reflex ===
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To take the image, this mirror is flipped out of the light path between lens and film plane, before the shutter opens.
 
To take the image, this mirror is flipped out of the light path between lens and film plane, before the shutter opens.
  
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The advantage of this system is, that there is no [[parallax]] error as in a [[Camera Types#Rangefinder|rangefinder]] or [[Camera Types#Twin Lens Reflex|twin lens reflex]] camera. You always see the image of the taking lens and do not need any additional viewfinders for different focal lengths. This makes the use very comfortable.
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The advantage of this system is, that there is no [[parallax]] error as in a [[Camera Types#Rangefinder|rangefinder]] or [[Camera Types#Twin Lens Reflex|twin lens reflex]] camera.  
  
 
The slap of the mirror is the main problem of the SLR design, because it causes vibrations and camera shake, which makes it difficult to hand-hold an SLR at slower shutter speeds.
 
The slap of the mirror is the main problem of the SLR design, because it causes vibrations and camera shake, which makes it difficult to hand-hold an SLR at slower shutter speeds.
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In many vintage SLRs (and few modern ones with interchangeable finders), the image on the ground glass is directly seen from above (waist-level finder) - it's upright, but reversed (left and right). In most modern SLRs, the ground-glass image is seen through a prism that resides on top of the ground glass screen. The view through the prism gives you an upright, unreversed viewfinder image (eye-level finder).
 
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=== Twin Lens Reflex ===
 
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Twin Lens Reflex (TLR) cameras are "two-eyed" cameras such as the classic [[Rolleiflex]]. They consist of a ground glass on the top and two lenses on the front.
 
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The scene viewed by the top lens (the viewing lens) is reflected by a mirror onto the ground glass. The image seen on the ground glass is back to front (left is right, right is left) which can take some getting used to.
 
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The bottom lens (the taking lens) exposes the film. This means that, unlike [[Camera Types#Single_Lens_Reflex|Single Lens Reflex]] cameras, the viewed image is not exactly the same as the image recorded on the film - the difference being the distance between the centre of the viewing lens and the centre of the taking lens. This discrepancy is known as [[parallax]] error, which can be corrected by lifting the camera until the taking lens is as high as the viewing lens was when the image was composed.
 
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Well-known TLR manufacturers are [[Rollei]], [[Yashica]] and [[Seagull]]. Popular and beautiful TLRs were also made by Japanese companies such as [[Minolta]] prior to the 1970's.
 
  
 
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Revision as of 13:07, 5 March 2006

There are many types of cameras, in two broad categories, film and digital.

Distinguishing Features of Camera Types

The main distinguishing features between different types of cameras are:

  • the shape of the body (rigid, folding, monorail...)
  • the viewing system (external finder, SLR, TLR...)
  • the focusing system (guess focusing, rangefinder, reflex...)
  • the lens attachment (fixed, fixed zoom, interchangeable)
  • the sensor (digital, 35mm film, 120 film, cut film...) and the format (24x36mm, 6x6cm...)

Unusual combinations of these features have existed, for example folding TLRs, subminiature SLRs and so on.


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