View source for Camel, Comex 35, Kikuca 35 and Rolex 35 III

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The '''Camel''', '''Comex 35''', '''Kikuca 35''' and '''Rolex 35 III''' are Japanese [[35mm]] viewfinder cameras with a [[leaf shutter]], made in the first half of the 1950s.

== Common features ==
All the models share the same octagonal body. The back is removed together with the bottom plate for film loading. The viewfinder is contained in a short top housing, which also supports an accessory shoe on the right. The advance and rewind knob, exposure counter, shutter release and rewind unlock lever are shaped as on the early [[Leica]] or [[Canon]] [[rangefinder camera]]s. The film advance is not coupled to the shutter cocking. There is a metal plate at the front of the body, around the lens barrel, with a characteristic shape. The [[shutter release|body release]] linkage probably runs through this casing, and an axis protrudes at the bottom to connect it with the shutter itself.

== The Camel ==
The '''Camel''' has a focusing helix with a focusing tab at the base of the lens barrel. The distance is visible in a cut-out placed above the barrel, and the minimum distance is 1.25m.<REF> Picture in [http://corsopolaris.net/supercameras/LeicaCopy/copieleicacompur.html this page at Innovative Cameras]. </REF>

It was ostensibly made by a company called [[Tōhōkōken]]: the top housing is engraved ''Camel mode II'' and ''TōHōkōken came<small>r</small>a'', with a curious mix of lowercase and uppercase letters. There is a typo in the model name, and it is not known if the intended engraving was "model I" or "model II".

Two actual examples are known so far, presenting minor variations. On both cameras, the lens is a Camel Anastigmat 50mm f/3.5, the shutter has B, 1–200 speeds, a [[self-timer]] and an ASA synch post at the bottom right, and the aperture scale only goes from 3.5 to 11.

The earlier camera has the format ''24X36'' engraved on the front plate, at the top left.<REF> Example pictured in {{SUG}}, item 3137. </REF> The lens name is engraved as ''CAMEL Anastigmat 1:3.5 f=50mm C No.5113'' on a chrome bezel (presumably with a red ''C''). The shutter is engraved ''NIPPOL'' at the base of the speed rim. It seems from the layout of the controls that this [[Nipol|Nippol]] shutter is the same as the [[Nipol]] shutter (single "p") of the [[Dolca 35]]. (The drawings published in the book ''300 Leica Copies'' by Pont and Princelle show the shutter name written as ''NIPOL'' with a single "P"; it is not known if these are based on actual pictures of a different example, or if they contain a mistake.)<REF> Drawings in Pont / Princelle, p.169. </REF>

The later camera has no indication of the format.<REF> Example pictured in [http://corsopolaris.net/supercameras/LeicaCopy/copieleicacompur.html this page at Innovative Cameras]. </REF> Its lens is now engraved ''CAMEL Anastigmat 1:3.5 F=50mm C No.5435'' on a black bezel in white letters (with a red ''C''). The shutter is inscribed ''N.S.K.'' on the rim, and might be a name variant of the former.

== The Sanon 35 and Comex 35 ==
The '''Sanon 35''' and '''Comex 35''' are name variants of the Camel. The Sanon 35 (サノン35) was announced in the April 1953 issue of {{AR}} by the distributor [[Takasago|Takasago Shōkai]].<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.352. </REF> The June 1953 issue of the same magazine says that the name was changed to Comex 35 (コメックス35), and the camera was advertised as such until October of the same year.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.352. </REF> In an advertisement dated June 1953,<REF> Advertisement published in {{FAR}}, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.138. </REF> the camera is offered for {{yen|12,000|1953}} with a Comex 45/3.5 lens and a synchronized Purax shutter (B, 1–200, [[self-timer]]). The name ''PURAX'' is engraved at the base of the speed rim; this is an obvious rip-off of [[Durax]], the name of a well known shutter by [[Konica|Konishiroku]].

The only actual example of the Comex 35 observed so far is pictured in {{SUG}}, where it is attributed to "Akimoto Co., Ltd." for an unknown reason.<REF> {{SUG}}, item 3224. </REF> Its body shows no apparent difference. The top housing is engraved ''Comex'' and ''mode II'' or ''model II''.<REF> The picture in {{SUG}}, item 3224, is not legible enough. </REF> The ''24X36'' engraving is absent. The lens is a Comex Anastigmat 45mm f/3.5. The shutter is engraved ''WACO'' at the base of the speed rim, it has the same features as the Nippol mounted on the Camel.

The name Comex was also used on a subminiature camera, see [[Comex]].

== The Kikuca 35 ==
The '''Kikuca 35''' is a rangefinder version of the Camel, attributed to [[Tōhōkōken]] by some sources.<REF> {{SUG}}, item 3290, {{MK}}, p.922. </REF> The top housing contains a [[rangefinder (device)|coupled rangefinder]], with two additional round windows and a separate eyepiece on the left. The name ''Kikuca 35'' and the serial number are engraved above.

The lens barrel is wider and the focusing helical has a more usual arrangement: the distance ring is fully visible and there are depth-of-field indications. The focusing tab has a different shape. The lens is a Kikuca Anastigmat 45mm f/3.5 and the shutter is engraved ''K.O.C.'' at the base of the speed rim. It has B, 1– 200 speeds, a [[self-timer]] and a PC synch post. The aperture is set by a lever at the top of the lens barrel.

Two actual examples have been observed so far.<REF> Example pictured in {{SUG}}, item 3290 (lens no.6141), example observed in an online auction (body no.5071, lens no.6024). </REF>

== The Rolex 35 III ==
The '''Rolex 35 III''' is similar to the Camel, but it was ostensibly made by a company called [[Toyo Seiko]]. The helical at the base of the [[lens barrel]] is replaced by a rigid tube, and the lens is a front-cell focusing Luna Anastigmat 50mm f/2.8. (The lens has the same name as the [[Luna]] shutter made by [[Tōyō Seiki Kōgaku]].) The name ''ROLEX–35 MODEL III'' is engraved on the top housing, together with the company name ''TOYO SEIKO Co.''

Three actual examples have been observed, each with a different shutter type. The first example, pictured in {{SUG}}, has a KOC shutter (B, 10–200), with an ASA synch post and no [[self-timer]] visible.<REF> Example pictured in {{SUG}}, item 3736 (lens no.2159). </REF> Unlike the two other cameras, it has no visible coupling arm for the body release, perhaps because the linkage runs inside the tube.

The second example, pictured in [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rd2h-ari/NAZO_ROLEX35.htm this page at Japan Family Camera], has an Orient II shutter made by [[Hachiyō]]. The name ''ORIENT II'' is engraved at the base of the speed rim, the shutter plate is black and is inscribed ''HACHIYO OPT. CO.'' at the bottom.

The third example, pictured in {{SUG}} too, has an unmarked shutter giving B, 1–300 speeds, with a self-timer and an ASA synch post.<REF> Example pictured in {{SUG}}, item 3737 (lens no.2269). </REF> Unlike the other two, it has the aperture scale at the bottom.

A very strange feature of the second and third example is that they have the same lens number 2269. One possibility is that the camera is the same and the shutter was changed in the years between the publication of the picture in {{SUG}} and in the Japan Family Camera website. Another possibility is that the lens numbers are fake and that more than one camera share the same number.

A completely different Rolex 35 is known, name variant of the [[Cosmo 35, Micronta 35 and Rolex 35|Cosmo 35]] made by [[Cosmo Camera]], certainly the successor of the company [[Tōyō Seiki Kōgaku]] which was perhaps the same as [[Toyo Seiko]].

== Notes ==
<references />

== Bibliography ==
* {{Showa10}} Items 520 and 523.
* {{McKeown12}} Pp.44, 922 and 933.
* {{300LC}} Pp.168–9. (The name "Rolex" is spelled "Rollex", and "Toyo Seiko" is spelled "Tokyo Seiko". The drawing of the Kikuca 35 is based on the picture in {{SUG}}, item 3290, and those of the Camel might be based on the pictures of item 3137.)
* {{Zukan}} Items 3137, 3224, 3290 and 3736–7.

== Links ==
In English:
* Camel Mode II among [http://corsopolaris.net/supercameras/LeicaCopy/copieleicacompur.html copies of the Leica B] at Massimo Bertacchi's [http://corsopolaris.net/supercameras/ Innovative Cameras]
In Japanese:
* [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rd2h-ari/NAZO_ROLEX35.htm Rolex 35 III] (mentioning the Camel and the Comex) at [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rd2h-ari/ Japan Family Camera], with [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rd2h-ari/OTH_ROLEX353.htm more pictures] and [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~RD2H-ARI/BUN_ROLEX35.htm repair notes]

[[Category: Japanese 35mm viewfinder]]
[[Category: Japanese 35mm rangefinder]]
[[Category: C]]
[[Category: K|Kikuca 35]]
[[Category: R|Rolex 35]]
[[Category: Bestiary]]