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| − | {{Japanese Semi prewar | + | {{disambig}} |
| − | |image=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/358453265/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://farm1.static.flickr.com/141/358453265_e31cdb693c_m_d.jpg]<br>''Picture courtesy of Dave Metcalfe. {{with permission}}''
| + | The '''Adler''' trademark was introduced by [[Asahi Bussan]], and was used on cameras and lenses by its successor [[Asahi Bussan|Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō]] and the parent company [[Ricoh|Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō]] (predecessor of [[Ricoh]]). ''Adler'' is the German word for ''eagle''. |
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| − | ''This page only deals with the 4.5×6 models. See also the [[Baby Rosen, Rosen Four and Adler Four|Adler Four]] (4×4 model), the [[Adler Six]] (6×6 model) and the [[Vest Alex and Vest Olympic|Vest Adler]], a possible name variant of the 4×6.5 Vest Olympic.'' | |
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| − | The '''Adler'''<REF> The name "Adler" was clearly used to demonstrate Japan's alliance with Germany. During the war period, Riken often used such names (they also sold a [[Heil]] camera), or other "patriotic" names. </REF> (アドラー) are a series of folding cameras sold from 1938 by Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō (now [[Ricoh]]), or by its depending company<!-- May we say "subsidiary"? (Hoary) — I don't know the exact relationship between the two companies (Rebollo_fr) --> Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō. They were not made by Riken itself but bought to other manufacturers.<REF> Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14, and various pages of the Ricoh official website (listed below). </REF> A number of 4.5×6 models exist, all of them vertical folders.
| + | * Adler cameras: |
| | + | ** [[Semi Adler and Adler III]] (4.5×6cm) |
| | + | ** [[Adler A]] (4.5×6cm) |
| | + | ** [[Adler B]] (4.5×6cm) |
| | + | ** [[Adler C]] (4.5×6cm) |
| | + | ** [[Baby Rosen, Rosen Four and Adler Four|Adler Four]] (4×4cm) |
| | + | ** [[Adler Six|Adler VI]] (6×6cm) |
| | + | ** [[Adler Six]] (6×6cm) |
| | + | ** [[Vest Alex and Vest Olympic|Vest Adler]] (4×6.5cm) |
| | + | * Adler lenses on other cameras: |
| | + | ** Adler Anastigmat 7.5cm f/4.5 on the [[Victor folders|Semi Victor]] |
| | + | ** Adler Anastigmat 7.5cm f/3.5 on the [[Semi First and First Six|BB Semi First]] |
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| − | == Original documents ==
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| − | A 1938 document by [[Ricoh|Riken]] lists the following Adler cameras:<REF> "Riken kontserun geppō" (理研コンツエルン月報), quoted in Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF>
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| − | * Semi Adler (¥60);
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| − | * Adler A (¥90);
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| − | * Adler B (¥65);
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| − | * Adler III (¥75).
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| − | It is said that the various Adler models listed in this document were sold by distance sale, with 10-month credit loans.<REF> Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF>
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| − | The Adler A, Adler B and Adler III were also featured in the new products column of the October 1938 issue of ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', where they were perhaps attributed to Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p. 334, attributes the Adler A, B and III to Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō, apparently after the October 1938 article. </REF>
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| − | The Adler cameras were mentioned in an advertisement dated February 1939 for ¥60 and more.<REF> [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/R1.jpg Advertisement] published in ''[[Sunday Mainichi]]'' (26 February 1939), reproduced in the [http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze website]. </REF>
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| − | The official list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941 has many models:<REF> {{Kakaku1940_short}}, type 3, sections 3A, 4A, 5A, 7A. </REF>
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| − | * Semi Adler (¥62);
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| − | * Adler A (¥85);
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| − | * Adler AII at two places (¥85 and ¥98);
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| − | * Adler B (¥74);
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| − | * Adler C (¥85).
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| − | The Adler CII was offered in an advertisement dated January 1941, with a four-element 75/3.5 lens, T, B, 5–150 speeds and a body release which automatically retracts inside the body when the folding bed is closed.<REF> Advertisement published in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p. 65. </REF> The latter feature is typical of the [[Semi First and First Six|BB Semi First]], and perhaps of the [[Semi First and First Six|U Semi First]] as well. It is thus probable that the Adler CII is a rebadged variant of these cameras.
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| − | The official price list dated November 1941 has an Adler B and an Adler CII.<REF> {{Kakaku1141_short}}, type 3, sections 4A and 5B. </REF>
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| − | It seems that none of these documents shows a picture of the Adler models. The descriptions below are based on the observed surviving examples. It would be logical that the various names correspond to the different bodies, but nothing is clearly known. It might be that the model names and prices were dictated by the lens and shutter equipment, mounted on whichever body was available.
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| − | == Rebadged Collex ==
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| − | Some Adler cameras are rebadged versions of the [[Collex]]. They have scissor struts inspired by the [[Zeh]] [[Goldi]] 3×4 camera, a tubular optical finder and two red windows in the back, protected by sliding covers, to control the film advance.
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| − | At least one of these cameras is known with the name ''Adler A'' embossed in the front leather.<REF> Example pictured in Tanaka, p. 17 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF> It has a Peerless shutter (5–200, B, T) and a lens reported as an Adler Anastigmat 7.5cm f/3.5. Another example is known with the same lens and an Automat shutter (5–150, B, T).<REF> Example pictured in {{Sugiyama}}, item 1028. The leather covering is probably not original and has no inscription. </REF> A third example is known with the same lens and a [[Rulex]] shutter (5–200, B, T) by [[Neumann & Heilemann]].<REF> Example pictured in [http://rd2h-ari.hp.infoseek.co.jp/JA_ADLER_B_PIC.htm this page at Japan Family Camera]. </REF>
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| − | According to {{Kokusan}}, probably based on the October 1938 article in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', the Adler A has a tubular finder, a Ukas 75/3.5 lens and a Peerless shutter (T, B, 5–200).<REF name="Kokusan 334"> {{Kokusan}}, p. 334. [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adler.html This page] of the Ricoh official website disagrees on various points, but it does not seem very reliable on the Adler models. </REF> The lens name was probably switched at some time from Ukas (the same lens name as the [[Olympic]] cameras) to Adler.
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| − | == Ikonta copy ==
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| − | Some Adler cameras are [[Ikonta]] copies. They have a folding optical finder, a body release and an advance key. They might be rebadged [[Semi Lucky]], supplied by [[Fujimoto]].<REF> This is suggested in Tanaka, p. 16 of {{KKS}} no. 14. </REF>
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| − | Three examples are known, all of them having a [[Perfect|Perfekt]] shutter (5–250, B, T) by [[Neumann & Heilemann]] and an Adler Anastigmat f/4.5 lens.<REF> Example pictured in {{Sugiyama}}, item 1029, example pictured in {{McKeown}}, p. 828, and example pictured in this page. </REF> One of them, pictured in this page, has the name ''Adler B'' embossed in the front leather.
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| − | According to {{Kokusan}}, probably based on the October 1938 article in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'', the Adler B has a body release, a Ukas 75/4.5 lens and a Fiskus shutter (T, B, 25–150).<REF name="Kokusan 334" />
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| − | == Baldax copies ==
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| − | === The Adler III ===
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| − | The '''Adler III''' is a [[Baldax]] copy according to the picture shown in {{Kokusan}} and to the text of [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerIII.html this page of the Ricoh official website]. However the picture displayed on the latter page does not show a Baldax copy but a copy of the [[Welta]] [[Perle]] (early 4.5×6 model), like the [[Semi First and First Six|Semi First]] by [[Kuribayashi]]. This is probably a mistake. Both cameras pictured have a folding optical finder. {{Kokusan}} attribute the Adler III to Asahi Kōgaku Kōgyō, and says that it is featured in the new products column of the October 1938 issue of ''[[Asahi Camera]],'' like the Adler A and B, and that it is also advertised in the April 1939 issue of ''Asahi Camera'', apparently by Ueno Shōten.
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| − | There is some confusion about the lens and shutter equipment. {{Kokusan}} mentions an Adler 75/4.5 lens and a Peerless shutter with T, B, 5–200 speeds, but also says that it appears in the book ''Kamera Zukan'' by Sugiyama and Naoi with an Ukas 75/4.5 and a Rulex B shutter with 1/5 slower speed setting. [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerIII.html The page of the Ricoh official website] mentions an Adler 75/4.5 triplet lens and a Rulex shutter in #0 size, with three blades and T, B, 5–150 speeds, while {{McKeown}} mentions an Ukas Anastigmat 75/4.5 lens and a Heil shutter with T, B, 5–200 speeds. To add to the confusion, the example pictured in {{Kokusan}} has a shutter plate marked ''HEIL''.
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| − | In conclusion, it is probable that all the Adler III variants have a 75/4.5 lens, first called Ukas and later Adler. They have a shutter with T, B, 5–150 or 5–200 speeds, sometimes the [[Rulex]] by [[Neumann & Heilemann]] and sometimes called Peerless or Heil. Maybe they are only rebadged variants of the Rulex.
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| − | It is probably the Adler III that was advertised in Britain in 1938<REF> Advertisement for the Olympic and Semi Adler, published in the 1938 edition of the ''British Photography Journal Almanac.'' </REF> as the '''Semi Adler''', together with various [[Olympic]] cameras. The advertisement is inserted by Asahi Bussan, the distributor of the Olympic, and it does not mention Riken. The camera is a Baldax copy with no body release and a folding optical finder on the right of the body, similar to the Adler III pictured by {{Kokusan}}. It is embossed ''Adler'' in the front leather and has an Ukas Anastigmat f:4.5 lens and a T, B, 150-100-50-25 shutter marked ''New Olympic'' with the ''AB'' logo for Asahi Bussan, as on some Olympic models. The same advertisement says that shutters with T, B, 1–250 speeds and f:3.5 lenses can be supplied on request.
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| − | === The Adler CII ===
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| − | The '''Adler CII''' is advertised in January 1941<REF> {{Showa10ad|Gaica II, Roico II and Adler CII|53|January 1941|''Asahi Camera''}} </REF> by Riken Kōgaku Kōgyō, together with the [[Gaica|Gaica II]] and the [[Roico|Roico II]]. It is offered with a four-element 75/3.5 lens and a T, B, 5–150 shutter, both with unspecified name, but it is not pictured and no price is mentioned. The advertisement says that the shutter release automatically retracts into the body when folding the bed.
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| − | [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerCII.html This page of the Ricoh official website] says that the Adler CII is like the Adler III with a body release, the finder on the opposite side of the body, an Adler 75/3.5 triplet lens and a Peerless T, B, 5–200 shutter. It shows a picture of a Baldax copy with both the folding optical finder and the body release on the left side of the body, the same side as the winding knob. The same source gives the year 1938, and the original price of {{yen|58|1938}}.
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| − | A camera identified as an Adler CII has also been reported with the Peerless T, B, 5–200 shutter and a 75/3.5 Solar lens in [http://www.photoethnography.com/ClassicCameras/index-frameset.html?RikenAdlerC.html~mainFrame this page of the Photoethnography website].
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| − | == Notes ==
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| − | <references />
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| − | == Bibliography ==
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| − | * {{Showa10}} Items 4–7. (See also the advertisement for item 53.)
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| − | * {{Kakaku1141}} Type 3, sections 4A and 5B.
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| − | * {{Kakaku1940}} Type 3, sections 3A, 4A, 5A and 7A.
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| − | * {{McKeown12}} P. 828.
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| − | * {{Zukan}} Items 1028–30.
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| − | * Tanaka Masao (田中政雄). "Rikō kamera no nagare" (リコーカメラの流れ, Evolution of the Ricoh cameras). {{KKS014}} Pp. 8–11.
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| − | * Tanaka Masao (田中政雄). "Senzen no kamera 2: Supuringu kamera" (戦前のカメラ2・スプリングカメラ, Prewar cameras 2: folding cameras). {{KKS014}} Pp. 16–9.
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| − | * ''The British Journal Photographic Almanac 1938'', edited by Arthur J. Dalladay, published by Henri Greenwood & Co., Ltd., London. Advertisement on pp. 694–5.
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| − | == Links ==
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| − | In English:
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| − | * [http://www.photoethnography.com/ClassicCameras/index-frameset.html?RikenAdlerC.html~mainFrame Adler C] at [http://www.photoethnography.com/ Photoethnography]
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| − | In Japanese:
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| − | * [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/index.html Ricoh camera list] at the [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/ Ricoh official website], with:
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| − | ** [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adler.html Adler A & B]
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| − | ** [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerIII.html Adler III]
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| − | ** [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera/cameralist/adlerCII.html Adler CII]
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| − | ** [http://www.ricoh.co.jp/camera_lib/column/war-camera.html an article about Riken wartime camera names]
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| − | * [http://rd2h-ari.hp.infoseek.co.jp/JA_ADLER_B_PIC.htm Adler B page] and [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rd2h-ari/BUN_ADLER_B.htm repair notes] at [http://rd2h-ari.hp.infoseek.co.jp/ Japan Family Camera]
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| − | * [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/R1.jpg Advertisement for the Riken camera range] (on the left) published in the 26 February 1939 issue of ''[[Sunday Mainichi]],'' reproduced in the [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/syasinki-c.htm camera company page] of the [http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze website]
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| − | {{riken prewar}}
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| − | [[Category: Japanese 4.5x6 viewfinder folding]]
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| | [[Category: Ricoh]] | | [[Category: Ricoh]] |
| − | [[Category: A]] | + | [[Category:Bestiary]] |
