View source for Toyoca B35, Chest 35 and Pigeon 35 V

{{Japanese 35mm folding}}
The '''Toyoca B35'''<REF> "Toyoca" is certainly the contraction of <u>Toyo</u>hashi — Tougodo's hometown — and <u>Ca</u>mera. </REF> is a Japanese viewfinder-only [[35mm]] [[folding|folder]], made by [[Tougodo]] in 1955–6, and the '''Chest 35''' is a name variant distributed by [[Super Shashin-yōhin]]. The '''Pigeon 35&nbsp;V''' and '''Pigeon 35&nbsp;5B''' are [[rangefinder camera|rangefinder]] versions distributed in 1956 by [[Endō|Endō Shashin-yōhin]], owner of the Pigeon brand.

== The Toyoca B35 and Chest 35 ==
=== Description ===
The Toyoca B35 and its derivatives are horizontal folders, unlike most other [[35mm]] [[folding]] cameras. The design of the main body is clearly inspired from the [[Kodak Retina IIa|Retina IIa]], with sharp edges and a similar top cover. From right to left, there is an advance lever containing an exposure counter, the shutter release, a small step, the engraving of the name, an accessory shoe and a rewind knob containing a film reminder. This arrangement is exactly the same as on the Retina IIa and the shape of the parts is similar too. The Toyoca B35 and Chest 35 only have a viewfinder, slightly offset to the left. The camera has double exposure prevention: the main release cannot be tripped twice unless the film is advanced first.

The back is hinged to the right and the back latch is again the same as on the Retina. The Toyoca has no strap lugs. The folding bed is hinged at the bottom, its shape is otherwise similar to that of the Retina. The bed opening button is on the front of the camera, at the top of the leatherette covering under the rewind knob. The lens standard is almost the same as on the Retina, turned 90°, it notably has the same two small buttons to close the bed. There is a PC synch post at the top front of the lens standard.

The lens is a front-cell focusing [[Owla]] 4.5cm f/3.5 on the Toyoca B35, and an S.&nbsp;Hasener 45mm f/3.5 on the Chest 35. The shutter gives B, 1–200 speeds and has a self-timer. Depending on the version, the shutter is either cocked by the advance lever when the film is wound or manually cocked by a lever on the shutter housing itself. The shutter plate is black with white [[depth of field|depth-of-field]] indications and a light-coloured aperture scale.

=== Commercial life ===
The '''Toyoca B35''' (トヨカB35) was announced in May and June 1955 issues of Japanese magazines, and it was advertised from June 1955 to March 1956.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.356. </REF> The '''Chest 35''' is a name variant distributed by [[Super Shashin-yōhin]], announced in the June 1955 issue of ''[[Sankei Camera]]''.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.355. </REF>

The June 1955 advertisement by [[Tougodo|Tōgōdō]] in ''[[Sankei Camera]]''<REF> Advertisement reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.152. </REF> lists the Toyoca B35 for {{yen|8,500|1955}} (case included) with an [[Owla]] f/3.5 lens and a synchronized [[NKS]] shutter (B, 1–200, self-timer). The pictured camera has '''manual shutter cocking''' via a small lever.

The November 1955 advertisement in {{ACA}}<REF> Advertisement reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.152. </REF> lists the camera at an unchanged price and gives the shutter name as [[IJK]]. The pictured camera has a '''self-cocking shutter'''; the cover for the coupling mechanism is shaped the same as on the [[Kodak Retina IIa|Retina IIa]] and probably contains a pinion connected to a circular rack surrounding the shutter's back.

=== Surviving examples ===
Only two recent pictures of the Toyoca B35 have been observed so far.<REF> Example pictured in {{SUG}}, item 3824, and example pictured in Shimaoka, p.150 of {{KKS}} no.8. </REF> The example pictured in {{SUG}} has a shutter (B, 1–200, self-timer) reported as an [[NKS|NKS-SL]], manually cocked by a small lever. No example of the self-cocking Toyoca B35 is yet known.

The only known example of the Chest 35 has a ''Chest'' engraving above the top plate and a minor variation in the shape of the folding bed's catch.<REF> Example pictured in ''Omoide no supuringu-kamera-ten'', p.32. </REF> It has an [[NKS]] shutter and the S.&nbsp;Hasener 45mm f/3.5 lens no.3070.

== The Pigeon 35&nbsp;V ==
=== Distinguishing features ===
The '''Pigeon 35&nbsp;V''' (ピジョン35V型)<REF> The "V" is probably the Roman number five, as the existence of a model 5B strongly suggests. </REF> has a coupled [[rangefinder (device)|rangefinder]], whose eyepiece is common with the viewfinder and whose windows are placed the same as on the [[Kodak Retina IIa|Retina IIa]]. There is a ''Pigeon MODEL-V'' nameplate screwed above the camera. The lens is a front-cell focusing Tri-Lausar 45mm f/3.5, and the rangefinder coupling arm runs under a cover, forming a bridge over the shutter casing. The folding bed has a more rounded shape than on the Toyoca, with a small hump at the top to leave space for the coupling arm when closed.

The shutter is the self-cocking [[IJK]] (B, 1–200, self-timer) of the late Toyoca B35. The shutter plate is black with speed and aperture scales and the depth-of-field indications in a light colour. The PC synch post is placed on the shutter casing itself.

=== Commercial life ===
The Pigeon 35&nbsp;V was advertised from December 1955 to March 1956 and was featured in Japanese magazines dated January 1956.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.359. </REF> Advertisements in ''[[Camera Mainichi]]'' dated December 1955 and January 1956 give the price of {{yen|12,000|1955}} and do not mention the maker's name.<REF> Advertisements reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, pp.164 and 267. </REF>

=== Surviving examples ===
Only three recent pictures of the Pigeon 35&nbsp;V have been observed so far.<REF> Example pictured in {{SUG}}, item 3682, example pictured in {{MK}}, p.891, and example pictured in Shimaoka, p.150 of {{KKS}} no.8. In both {{SUG}} and {{MK}}, the camera is attributed to [[Shinano|Shinano Kōki]], the maker of other [[Pigeon 35]] models, but the connection with [[Tougodo]] is obvious and this is surely a mistake. </REF> These two examples look identical; they only differ from the advertising pictures by the absence of a small leatherette strip on the top part of the folding bed, apparently original and not imputable to wear.

== The Pigeon 35&nbsp;5B ==
The '''Pigeon 35&nbsp;5B''' (ピジョン35&nbsp;5B) is an evolution of the Pigeon 35&nbsp;V with a bright-frame finder, a four-element S&nbsp;Pigeon 45/2.8 lens and a Pigeon shutter (B, 1–200). The camera was announced in Japanese magazines in June and July 1956 and was advertised from June to September.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.396. </REF> The August advertisement in ''[[Camera Mainichi]]'' gives the price of {{yen|14,000|1956}}.<REF> Advertisement reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.268. </REF> The picture shows a number of external differences with the previous model. The viewfinder window is larger and the two windows are perhaps surrounded by a black plastic frame. The accessory shoe has moved to the middle of the top plate. The rewind knob was perhaps replaced by a crank, and there is a step next to it. It also seems that the advance lever was modified. The folding bed looks more hollow; the bottom plate is much higher and the leatherette covering is accordingly reduced.

No surviving example of the Pigeon 35&nbsp;5B is known yet.

== Notes ==
<references />

== Bibliography ==
* {{Showa10}} Items 601, 630, 716 and 1461. (See also the advertisements for items 628–9 and 1457.)
* {{McKeown12}} Pp.891 and 932.
* ''Omoide no supuringu-kamera-ten'' (思い出のスプリングカメラ展, Exhibition of beloved self-erecting cameras). Tokyo: JCII Camera Museum, 1992. (Exhibition catalogue, no ISBN number.) P.32.
* Shimaoka Jun (島岡洵). "Konna kamera anna kamera" (こんなカメラあんなカメラ, This and that camera). {{KKS008}} Pp.150–1.
* {{Zukan}} Items 3682 and 3824.

==Links==
*[https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/toyoca-b35-owla-anastigmat-5-45-1913811452 Toyoca B35 sale] at [https://www.worthpoint.com/ Worthpoint.com]

[[Category: Japanese 35mm viewfinder folding]]
[[Category: Tougodo]]
[[Category: T]]
[[Category: C|Chest 35]]
[[Category: P|Pigeon 35 V]]
[[Category:1955]]