Difference between revisions of "Mulix"

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{{Japanese Six prewar
 
{{Japanese Six prewar
|image=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314365528/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/114/314365528_65581f6f51_m_d.jpg]<br>''Picture courtesy of eBayer hbpartner. {{with permission}}''
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|image=[http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/40246101723/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7865/40246101723_a7a5e9b5cd_m_d.jpg]<br>''Picture courtesy of eBayer hbpartner. {{with permission}}''
 
}}
 
}}
The '''Mulix''' (マリックス)<REF> The Japanese pronunciation is closer to "Malix", and {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;341, calls the camera "Malix" by mistake. </REF> is a Japanese 6&times;6 folding camera, distributed by [[Kuwata|Kuwata Shōkai]] from 1940 to 1943.<REF> Dates: advertisements mentioned in {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;341. </REF> It was perhaps made by Kuwata itself.
+
The '''Mulix''' (マリックス)<REF> The Japanese pronunciation is closer to "Malix", and {{Kokusan}}, p.341, calls the camera "Malix" by mistake. </REF> is a Japanese 6×6 folding camera, made by [[Tanaka (wartime)|Tanaka]]<REF> {{Inquiry1943_short}}, item 90. </REF> and distributed by [[Kuwata|Kuwata Shōkai]] from 1940 to 1943.<REF> Dates: advertisements mentioned in {{Kokusan}}, p.341. </REF>
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
<div class="floatleft plainlinks" style="text-align: center;">
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{| class="floatleft plainlinks" style="text-align: center;"
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314371415/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/107/314371415_83930c6bff_t_d.jpg]
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|| [https://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/48945885267/in/pool-camerawiki/ https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48945885267_8fb685cb6d_t_d.jpg]
<br>
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|-
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[http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/315158276/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/100/315158276_90d2b11cd6_t_d.jpg]
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|-
<br>''KKS logos''
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|| ''KKS logos<br>{{with permission}}''
<br>''{{with permission}}''
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|}
</div>
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The Mulix is an ordinary copy of the [[Ikonta]] 6×6, with a folding finder, a key at the top left to advance the film, strap lugs and a body release. The back is hinged to the right and has a single red window in the middle. The back leather is embossed ''MULIX'' vertically on the left and the case is also embossed ''MULIX''.
The Mulix is an ordinary copy of the [[Ikonta]] 6&times;6, with a folding finder, a key at the top left to advance the film, strap lugs and a body release. The back is hinged to the right and has a single red window in the middle. The back leather is embossed ''MULIX'' vertically on the left and the case is also embossed ''MULIX''.
 
  
The body is extremely similar to the [[Lyra Six|Lyra Six III and Lyra Six F]], to the point that it can be suspected that it was made by [[Fuji Kōgaku]]. However the folding struts and the red window cover are engraved ''KKS'', initials found on other Kuwata products.
+
The body is extremely similar to the [[Lyra Six|Lyra Six III and Lyra Six F]] made by [[Fuji Kōgaku]], which was perhaps a subcontractor. The folding struts and the red window cover are engraved ''KKS'', initials found on other Kuwata products.
  
All the models are fitted with a front-cell focusing four-element Mulixar lens.<REF> Four elements: Advertisement dated January 1942, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;94, and [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/Ma1.jpg advertisement] dated July 1942, reproduced in the [http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze website]. </REF>
+
All the models are fitted with a front-cell focusing four-element Mulixar lens, made by [[Tanaka (wartime)|Tanaka]] itself.<REF> Four elements made by Tanaka: {{Inquiry1943_short}}, lens items Lb36 and Lc26. Advertisements dated January and July 1942 (reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.94, and formerly at [https://web.archive.org/web/20070209060321/http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze] (archived)) also mention four-element lenses. </REF>
 +
{{br}}
 +
== Commercial life ==
 +
=== Early version ===
 +
The Mulix was first advertised in September 1940.<REF> {{Kokusan}}, p.341. </REF> The October 1940 advertisement in {{ACA}} lists two versions (not distinguished by name in any way) and gives no price:<REF> Advertisement in {{ACA}} October 1940, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.95. </REF>
 +
* Mulixar f/4.5 lens, T, B, 5–250 speeds;
 +
* Mulixar f/3.5 lens, B, 1–500 speeds.
 +
In the advertising picture, the finder's front part is black and the shutter plate has a ''K.S.'' (or maybe ''K.K.S.'') marking at the top.
  
== Evolution ==
+
The list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941, has a "Mulix I" for ¥79 and a "Mulix II" for ¥110, with no further detail.<REF> {{Kakaku0141_short}}, type 4, sections 3 and 6A. </REF>
An advertisement dated October 1940<REF> Advertisement published in ''[[Asahi Camera]],'' reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;95. </REF> shows two versions (not distinguished by name in any way) with a choice between (a) an f/4.5 lens and T, B, 5&ndash;250 speeds and (b) an f/3.5 lens and B, 1&ndash;500 speeds. In the advertising picture, the finder's front part is black and the shutter plate is written ''KKS'' at the top. No price is indicated. This version has not yet been observed and it is not known if it was effectively sold.
 
  
The {{Kakaku1940_short}}, compiled on October 25, 1940 and published in January 1941, mentioned the "Mulix I" for &yen;79 and the "Mulix II" for &yen;110, with no further detail.<REF> {{Kakaku1940_short}}, type 4, sections 3 and 6A. </REF>
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=== Later version, with revised distance ring ===
 +
{| class="plainlinks" align="center" width=400px style="text-align: center;"
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|| [https://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/47195159041/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7805/47195159041_d39a23d3fa.jpg]
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|-
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|| ''Advertisement in {{ACA}} April 1941. {{public domain Japan old}}''
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|}
  
Advertisements dated February 1941, January and July 1942<REF> Advertisement published in ''[[Asahi Camera]]'' February 1941, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;77; advertisement published in ''[[Hōdō Shashin]]'' January 1942, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.&nbsp;94; [[[http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/Ma1.jpg advertisement] published in ''Asahi Graph'' 29 July 1942, reproduced in the [http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze website]. </REF> show a chrome finder front part and a new conical-shaped lens rim, partly hiding the shutter plate. The new lens rim makes focusing possible even with a filter or a hood attached.<REF> Feature described in the advertisements dated January and July 1942. </REF> Three models were offered:
+
Advertisements dated February and April 1941, January and July 1942, all show the same picture of a newer camera, with a new conical-shaped lens rim, partly hiding the shutter plate.<REF> Advertisement in {{ACA}} February 1941, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.77; advertisement in {{ACA}} April 1941, p.512; advertisement in ''[[Hōdō Shashin]]'' January 1942, reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.94; advertisement in ''[[Asahi Graph]]'' 29 July 1942, formerly reproduced at [https://web.archive.org/web/20070209060321/http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze] (archived). </REF> The distance scale is engraved on the conical part; this makes focusing possible even with a filter or a hood attached.<REF> Feature described in the advertisements dated January and July 1942. </REF> Another minor difference is that the finder's front part is now chrome plated. All the advertisements give [[Kuwata|Kuwata Shōkai]] as the sole company name. Three models are listed in that order:
 
* '''Mulix II''': f/3.5 lens, slow speeds to 1s ({{yen|135|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|154|1942}} in 1942);
 
* '''Mulix II''': f/3.5 lens, slow speeds to 1s ({{yen|135|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|154|1942}} in 1942);
 
* '''Mulix III''': f/4.5 lens, slow speeds to 1s ({{yen|110|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|125|1942}} in 1942);
 
* '''Mulix III''': f/4.5 lens, slow speeds to 1s ({{yen|110|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|125|1942}} in 1942);
 
* '''Mulix I''': f/4.5 lens, slow speeds to 1/5s ({{yen|79|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|93|1942}} in 1942).
 
* '''Mulix I''': f/4.5 lens, slow speeds to 1/5s ({{yen|79|1941}} in 1941, {{yen|93|1942}} in 1942).
Various Mulix filters were offered to go with the camera, each at &yen;5.80. Oddly, the model numbers don't follow a logical progression and these advertisements do not mention ''top'' speeds. It seems that the Mulix II listed in the 1940 price list was renamed Mulix III. The camera pictured in this page has 200&ndash;1, B, T speeds written in that order, and the shutter plate is curiously marked ''K.PRONTOR.S'' at the bottom.
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Various Mulix filters were offered to go with the camera, each at ¥5.80. Oddly, the model numbers don't follow a logical progression and the documents do not mention top speeds. It seems that the camera listed as a "Mulix II" in the January 1941 price list now appears as the Mulix III.
 +
 
 +
The April 1943 government inquiry on Japanese camera production mentions two versions of the Mulix, one with a Mulixar 75/4.5 lens and a KP&nbsp;III shutter (T, B, 1–200) made by [[Kinshō]], and another with a Mulixar 75/3.5 lens and a Hydromatic Super (ハイヅロマチックスーパー) shutter (B, 1–500).<REF> {{Inquiry1943_short}}, listing Japanese camera production as of April 1943, items 90 and 99, shutter items 18-P-9 and 18-Q-7. </REF>
  
All the advertisements give [[Kuwata|Kuwata Shōkai]] as the sole company name.
+
== Actual examples ==
 +
It is not known how many copies of the Mulix were made: the camera pictured in this page is one of only two examples observed so far. It has a Mulixar 75mm f/3.5 lens, and 200–1, B, T speed settings engraved on the shutter plate in that order. The bottom of the shutter plate is curiously marked ''K.PRONTOR.3'', and there are also a circled 'K' on the right (camera's right: the 9 o'clock position as seen from the front) and a circled 'S' on the left of the shutter plate. The "K.S." initials probably correspond to [[Kinshō]], and this shutter is probably the KP&nbsp;III (perhaps for <u>K</u>inshō <u>P</u>rontor III). The other example (owned by Camera-wiki.org editor [[User:Eastwestphoto]]) has the same lens, serial no. 2750.
 +
<!-- Eastwestphoto 1/22/2014 Note: The shutter actually has a black face plate, with white lettering;stating, K.Prontor.3 with a circled K other side circled S. the D.O.F. conical front cell focus guide, is in red lettering for infinity and Meter (Mtr). My lens is as above No. 2750. The back stamped in leather is in a highly stylized script, That's frankly almost impossible to read normally," Mulix", so I can understand why this camera was over looked for so long.Four element lenses made in wartime Japan 1941-42 are not that common at all. The pop up optical two lens design is of high quality and presents a wide very sharp image for a view finder. Build quality is very high. I have No data Japanese or American reference books for this camera, the actual example I have and the one shown differ in lens serial number by 81 units. It's unknown how many of these cameras were actually made?-->
  
== Pictures ==
 
 
{| align="center" class="plainlinks" style="text-align: center;"
 
{| align="center" class="plainlinks" style="text-align: center;"
 
|-
 
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| rowspan="2" | [http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314365528/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/114/314365528_65581f6f51_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314796701/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/102/314796701_60662dd54e_m_d.jpg]
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| rowspan="2" | [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/40246101723/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7865/40246101723_a7a5e9b5cd_m_d.jpg] [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46487547324/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7898/46487547324_243c0350ff_m_d.jpg]
|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314365532/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/116/314365532_1609b9829f_t_d.jpg]  
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| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/47210917431/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7894/47210917431_641ba135e5_t_d.jpg]  
|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314365530/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/81/314365530_99795eac0b_t_d.jpg]
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| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46301124705/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7839/46301124705_77a78c979a_t_d.jpg]
 
|-
 
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/rebollo_fr/314796704/in/pool-camerapedia/ http://static.flickr.com/103/314796704_64b0e183fe_t_d.jpg]
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| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/camerawiki/46301139925/in/pool-camerawiki/ http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7905/46301139925_b5d7ec0f51_t_d.jpg]
 
|-
 
|-
| colspan="3" | ''Mulix II, Mulixar Anastigmat 75mm f/3.5 lens, speeds from 1s to 1/200.''<br>''Pictures courtesy of eBayer hbpartner. {{with permission}}''
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| colspan="3" | Mulix II, Mulixar Anastigmat 75mm f/3.5 lens, speeds from 1s to 1/200.<br><small>Pictures courtesy of eBayer hbpartner.</small> {{with permission}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
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<references />
 
<references />
  
== Source / further reading ==
+
== Bibliography ==
 +
=== Original documents ===
 +
* {{ACA}}. Advertisement by [[Kuwata|Kuwata Shōkai]] in April 1941, p.512.
 +
* {{Inquiry1943}} Items 90 and 99.
 +
* {{Kakaku0141}} Type 4, sections 3 and 6A.
 +
 
 +
=== Recent sources ===
 
* {{Showa10}} Item 256. (See also the advertisement for item 133.)
 
* {{Showa10}} Item 256. (See also the advertisement for item 133.)
The Mulix is not listed in {{Sugiyama}}.
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The Mulix is not listed in {{SUG}}.
 +
 
  
== Links ==
 
* [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/Ma1.jpg Advertisement] from the 29 July 1942 issue of ''Asahi Graph'', reproduced in the [http://syasinsyuu.cool.ne.jp/camera/syasinki-b.htm 120 film camera page] of the [http://kyoto.cool.ne.jp/syasinsyuu/index.htm Gochamaze website]
 
  
 
[[Category: Japanese 6x6 viewfinder folding]]
 
[[Category: Japanese 6x6 viewfinder folding]]
 
[[Category: M]]
 
[[Category: M]]

Latest revision as of 06:03, 11 April 2022

Japanese Six (6×6)
Prewar and wartime models (edit)
folding
Adler Six | Bonny Six | Clover-Six | Condor Six | First Six | Gelto Six | Gotex | Green | Lyra Six | Super Makinet Six | Mamiya Six | Miyako Six | Mulber Six | Mulix | National Six | Neure Six | Oko Six | Olympus Six | Pilot Six | Romax | Ugein | Vester-Six | Victor Six | Weha Six
collapsible
Ehira Chrome Six | Minolta Six | Shinko Super | Weha Chrome Six
unknown
Freude Six | Heart Camera | Konter Six | Tsubasa Six
Postwar models ->
Japanese 6×6 TLR, pseudo TLR and medium format SLR ->
Japanese Semi (4.5×6) and older 6×9 ->

The Mulix (マリックス)[1] is a Japanese 6×6 folding camera, made by Tanaka[2] and distributed by Kuwata Shōkai from 1940 to 1943.[3]

Description

The Mulix is an ordinary copy of the Ikonta 6×6, with a folding finder, a key at the top left to advance the film, strap lugs and a body release. The back is hinged to the right and has a single red window in the middle. The back leather is embossed MULIX vertically on the left and the case is also embossed MULIX.

The body is extremely similar to the Lyra Six III and Lyra Six F made by Fuji Kōgaku, which was perhaps a subcontractor. The folding struts and the red window cover are engraved KKS, initials found on other Kuwata products.

All the models are fitted with a front-cell focusing four-element Mulixar lens, made by Tanaka itself.[4]

Commercial life

Early version

The Mulix was first advertised in September 1940.[5] The October 1940 advertisement in Asahi Camera lists two versions (not distinguished by name in any way) and gives no price:[6]

  • Mulixar f/4.5 lens, T, B, 5–250 speeds;
  • Mulixar f/3.5 lens, B, 1–500 speeds.

In the advertising picture, the finder's front part is black and the shutter plate has a K.S. (or maybe K.K.S.) marking at the top.

The list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941, has a "Mulix I" for ¥79 and a "Mulix II" for ¥110, with no further detail.[7]

Later version, with revised distance ring

Advertisements dated February and April 1941, January and July 1942, all show the same picture of a newer camera, with a new conical-shaped lens rim, partly hiding the shutter plate.[8] The distance scale is engraved on the conical part; this makes focusing possible even with a filter or a hood attached.[9] Another minor difference is that the finder's front part is now chrome plated. All the advertisements give Kuwata Shōkai as the sole company name. Three models are listed in that order:

  • Mulix II: f/3.5 lens, slow speeds to 1s (¥135 in 1941, ¥154 in 1942);
  • Mulix III: f/4.5 lens, slow speeds to 1s (¥110 in 1941, ¥125 in 1942);
  • Mulix I: f/4.5 lens, slow speeds to 1/5s (¥79 in 1941, ¥93 in 1942).

Various Mulix filters were offered to go with the camera, each at ¥5.80. Oddly, the model numbers don't follow a logical progression and the documents do not mention top speeds. It seems that the camera listed as a "Mulix II" in the January 1941 price list now appears as the Mulix III.

The April 1943 government inquiry on Japanese camera production mentions two versions of the Mulix, one with a Mulixar 75/4.5 lens and a KP III shutter (T, B, 1–200) made by Kinshō, and another with a Mulixar 75/3.5 lens and a Hydromatic Super (ハイヅロマチックスーパー) shutter (B, 1–500).[10]

Actual examples

It is not known how many copies of the Mulix were made: the camera pictured in this page is one of only two examples observed so far. It has a Mulixar 75mm f/3.5 lens, and 200–1, B, T speed settings engraved on the shutter plate in that order. The bottom of the shutter plate is curiously marked K.PRONTOR.3, and there are also a circled 'K' on the right (camera's right: the 9 o'clock position as seen from the front) and a circled 'S' on the left of the shutter plate. The "K.S." initials probably correspond to Kinshō, and this shutter is probably the KP III (perhaps for Kinshō Prontor III). The other example (owned by Camera-wiki.org editor User:Eastwestphoto) has the same lens, serial no. 2750.

Notes

  1. The Japanese pronunciation is closer to "Malix", and Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.341, calls the camera "Malix" by mistake.
  2. "Kokusan shashinki no genjōchōsa" ("Inquiry into Japanese cameras"), item 90.
  3. Dates: advertisements mentioned in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.341.
  4. Four elements made by Tanaka: "Kokusan shashinki no genjōchōsa" ("Inquiry into Japanese cameras"), lens items Lb36 and Lc26. Advertisements dated January and July 1942 (reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.94, and formerly at Gochamaze (archived)) also mention four-element lenses.
  5. Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.341.
  6. Advertisement in Asahi Camera October 1940, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.95.
  7. "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku", type 4, sections 3 and 6A.
  8. Advertisement in Asahi Camera February 1941, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.77; advertisement in Asahi Camera April 1941, p.512; advertisement in Hōdō Shashin January 1942, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.94; advertisement in Asahi Graph 29 July 1942, formerly reproduced at Gochamaze (archived).
  9. Feature described in the advertisements dated January and July 1942.
  10. "Kokusan shashinki no genjōchōsa" ("Inquiry into Japanese cameras"), listing Japanese camera production as of April 1943, items 90 and 99, shutter items 18-P-9 and 18-Q-7.

Bibliography

Original documents

  • Asahi Camera. Advertisement by Kuwata Shōkai in April 1941, p.512.
  • "Kokusan shashinki no genjōchōsa" (国産写真機ノ現状調査, Inquiry into Japanese cameras), listing Japanese camera production as of April 1943. Reproduced in Supuringu kamera de ikou: Zen 69 kishu no shōkai to tsukaikata (スプリングカメラでいこう: 全69機種の紹介と使い方, Let's try spring cameras: Presentation and use of 69 machines). Tokyo: Shashinkogyo Syuppan-sha, 2004. ISBN 4-87956-072-3. Pp.180–7. Items 90 and 99.
  • "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku" (国産写真機の公定価格, Set prices of the Japanese cameras), listing Japanese camera production as of October 25, 1940 and setting the retail prices from December 10, 1940. Published in Asahi Camera January 1941 and reproduced in Shōwa 10—40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10〜40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935—1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Pp.108—9. Type 4, sections 3 and 6A.

Recent sources

The Mulix is not listed in Sugiyama.