Difference between revisions of "Leicaflex"

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== The original Leicaflex ==
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{{Infobox_35mm_MF_SLR
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|camera name=Leicaflex
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|image source=http://www.flickr.com/photos/14463685@N07/5468334598/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image=http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5014/5468334598_a30e26b426_m.jpg
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|image caption=1966 Leicaflex<br/><small>Image by {{image_author|Howard Somerville}} </small>{{with permission}}
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|maker=[[Leica]]
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|dates=1964-1976
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|variants=Leicaflex, Leicaflex SL, Leicaflex SL2
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|lens mount=Leica R bayonet
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|shutter type=Mechanical horizontal cloth [[focal plane]]
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|min shutter speed=1/2000
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|max shutter speed=1s
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|exposure meter=Coupled [[CdS]] (selective TTL SL/SL2)
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|exposure modes=Manual
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|iso range=8-6,500
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|finder screen=None (Leicaflex) Ground Glass (SL/SL2)
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|shoe=Fixed (Leicaflex/SL) Hotshoe (SL2)
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|sync speed=1/100
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|ttl flash=No
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|motor drive=No (SL/SL2 MOT yes)
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|battery=1&times;PX mercury oxide
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|weight=
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|number produced=
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}}
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'''Leicaflex''' was the name given to the first series of [[35mm]] [[SLR|single-lens reflex]] (SLR) cameras manufactured by [[Leica|Leitz]]. The various Leicaflex models were mechanical cameras marketed between 1964 and 1976, in response to a rapid increase in popularity and usability of SLRs.  They were extremely durable, and superbly finished, but their appeal was limited by their failure to keep pace with SLR design, their somewhat limited selection of accessories, and their extremely high price compared with their Japanese competitors. They were ultimately replaced by the [[Leica#SLR|R series Leicas]] developed by [[Leica|Leitz]] with the assistance of [[Minolta]] under a cooperation agreement between the two companies.
  
The '''Leicaflex''' was the first 35mm single-lens reflex made by [[Leica|Leitz]]. It was released in 1964, at a time when SLRs were rapidly increasing in popularity and usability.  
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== Leicaflex ==
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[[Leica|Leitz]] was a reluctant entrant into the SLR market. At the beginning of the 1960s, the only still cameras manufactured by [[Leica|Leitz]] were 35mm [[rangefinder camera|rangefinders]], a camera design that its Japanese competitors, most notably Nippon Kōgaku ([[Nikon]]), were beginning to abandon in favor of SLR designs. The company's management continued to believe in the inherent advantages of the rangefinder design over the SLR, but in view of the steady shift in market share from rangefinders to SLRs such as the [[Nikon F|Nikon&nbsp;F]], the [[Asahi Pentax]] and the SR-series [[Minolta]] in the early 1960s, and the increasing prominence of high-quality SLR cameras among professional photographers, it had little choice but to offer an SLR of its own.  To compete in this market, in 1964 Leitz introduced a superbly finished, extremely solid and expensive SLR, called Leicaflex. Nowadays, this first Leicaflex model is generally referred to as the Original Leicaflex or Leicaflex Standard to distinguish it from the models that followed.  
  
Leitz was a reluctant entrant into the SLR market.  At the beginning of the 1960s, the only still cameras manufactured by Leitz were 35mm rangefinders, a type of camera that its Japanese competitors, most notably [Nippon K&#333;gaku] (Nikon) were beginning to abandon.  The company's management continued to believe in the inherent advantages of the rangefinder design over the SLR, but in view of the shift in market share from rangefinders to reflex cameras such as the [Nikon F], the [Asahi Pentax] and the [SR-series Minoltas] in the early 1960s, and the increasing prominence of high quality SLR cameras such as the [Nikon F] among professional photographers, it had little choice but to offer an SLR of its ownTo compete in this marketplace Leitz introduced a superbly finished, extremely solid and expensive camera, called Leicaflex.
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The Leicaflex lacked some features present in the most advanced cameras of its time. It was criticized for omitting a through the lens ([[TTL]]) exposure meter as had previously been incorporated into the [[Topcon]] RE Super and the Asahi [[Pentax Spotmatic]] and which would soon appear in the [[Nikon F]] Photomic T, [[Canon Pellix]] and a number of other reflex cameras. It also lacked interchangeable viewfinders offered for the [[Miranda]], [[Canonflex]], and [[Nikon F]]. Finally, the original Leicaflex has a finder which, while offering a very bright aerial image, was not full focusing, offering only a small focusing zone at the center. The Leicaflex did offer [[mirror lockup|mirror lock-up]], and shutter speeds up to 1/2000 visible in the finder with the unusual feature of continuously variable speed selection.
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/90900361@N08/8404551196/in/pool-camerawiki/
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|image=  http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8072/8404551196_22c5a5a3f2_m.jpg
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|image_align= right
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|image_text= Summicron-R 50/2
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|image_by= Geoff Harrisson
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|image_rights= wp
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}}
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The camera introduced a new three lug bayonet mount, which remained substantially unchanged, although developed in order to accommodate increased levels of automation.  The [[Leicaflex / Leica R lenses]] are superb optics; however, [[Leica]] has always offered a more limited range of reflex lenses than its Japanese rivalsAt the time of the introduction of the Leicaflex the range was limited to 35mm, 50mm, 90mm and 135mm focal lengths of moderate speed.
  
The Leicaflex lacked a few features present in the most advanced products of its time.  It was much criticized for omitting a through the lens (TTL) exposure meter of the type which had previously been incorporated into the [Topcon Super D] and the [Asahi Pentax Spotmatic], and which would soon appear in the Nikon Photomic T, Canon Pellix and a number of other high-end reflex camerasIt also lacked the interchangeable viewfinders of the [Miranda], [Canonflex], and [Nikon F]Finally, the original Leicaflex featured a finder which, while offering a very bright aerial<!-- ??? aerial image = no ground glass screen, but a transparent screen, examples of use: http://www.alanwood.net/photography/olympus/focusing-screens.html or http://photo.net/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=007afg&tag= --> image, was not full focusing, offering only a small focusing zone at the center. The Leicaflex did offer mirror lock-up, and shutter speeds up to 1/2000 visible in the finder.
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The original Leicaflex is readily identifiable by its [[CdS]] meter window and battery cover on the front of the [[pentaprism|prism]] housing just above the lens.  It was offered in chrome and black enamel finishes, the latter being rare. Diehard collectors distinguish between the first series with a fan-shaped exposure counter window and a tripod socket attached by three screws, and the second series with a round exposure counter window, a tripod socket integrated in the bottom plate and a meter switch built in the advance leverIn use, the two series are virtually identical32,500 serial numbers were allotted to the original Leicaflex.<REF> [http://www.cameraquest.com/rtype.htm List of serial numbers at Cameraquest]. </REF>
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{{br}}
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== Leicaflex SL ==
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{| class="plainlinks floatright" style="text-align: center;"
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|-
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/diong/633583079/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1223/633583079_d18de7acf5_m_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/diong/594909707/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1297/594909707_bfa1bd56fc_m_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| Leicaflex SL, body only and with two lenses.<br><small>images by {{image author|Dennis Leonardo}}</small> {{with permission}}
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|}
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In 1968, [[Leica|Leitz]] responded to the critics of the non-TTL meter of the original Leicaflex by introducing its successor the '''Leicaflex SL''' with a [[TTL]] meter. "SL" stood for "Selective Light", the name chosen by [[Leitz]] for its implementation of TTL metering.  This system metered a limited area represented by the viewfinder's central microprism spot. At a time when SLR systems were divided between those embracing TTL metering at full aperture (such as [[Nikon]] and [[Konica]], and those with mounts which permitted only [[stop down|stop-down metering]] (such as [[Pentax]] and [[Canon]]), [[Leica|Leitz]] chose to implement full-aperture metering on the Leicaflex SL.
  
The camera introduced a new bayonet mount, which is mechanically the same as that of today's Leica R9. The [[Leicaflex / Leica R lenses]] are superb optics but at the time of the introduction of the Leicaflex the range was limited to 35mm, 50mm, 90mm and 135mm focal lengths of moderate speed.  The original Leicaflex is identifiable from its CdS meter window just above the lens.
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Leitz also addressed complaints about the original Leicaflex focusing screen in the SL focusing screen, which offered a ground-glass focusing screen with a central [[microprism]] spot. This more conventional configuration did not prevent it from being very bright and comfortable.  In fact, the brightness of the SL viewfinder remains unsurpassed up to the present day.
  
The original Leicaflex was sold in chrome and black enamel finish. the latter being rare. Diehard collectors distinguish between the first series with a fan-shaped exposure counter window and a tripod socket attached by three screws, and the second series with a round exposure counter window, a tripod socket integrated in the bottom plate and a meter switch built in the advance lever. In user terms it makes no difference. 37,450 serial numbers were allotted to the original Leicaflex.
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The Leicaflex SL replaced the mirror lock-up function of the original Leicaflex with a [[depth of field]] preview.  The principal effect was to obsolete the rangefinder-derived 21mm f/3.4 Schneider Super-Angulon lens which, due to the protrusion of the rear element into the camera body, was designed to work with the mirror locked up and in conjunction with an external viewfinder.  This lens cannot be mounted on the SL or its followers without mirror lockup. The original Leicaflex Super-Angulon was replaced by the retrofocus type 21mm f/4 Super-Angulon, which can be used conventionally.
  
== The Leicaflex SL ==
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{| class="plainlinks floatleft" style="text-align: center;"
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|-
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|| [http://www.flickr.com/photos/elmoalves/3728628151/in/pool-camerawiki http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2571/3728628151_5e249cbda2_m_d.jpg]
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|-
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|| Leicaflex SL<br><small>image by {{image author|Elmo Alves}}</small> {{with permission}}
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|}
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The Leicaflex SL is identifiable by the letters "SL" on the front of the prism housing, which replaced the meter window and battery cover of the original Leicaflex.  It was offered in chrome as well as black finish. Black SLs initially bore a black enamel finish, which was subsequently replaced by a more durable "black chrome" finish. 70,995 serial numbers were allotted to the Leicaflex SL.<REF> [http://www.cameraquest.com/rtype.htm List of serial numbers at Cameraquest]. </REF>
  
In 1968, [[Leica|Leitz]] responded to the critics of the non-TTL meter of the original Leicaflex by introducing its successor the '''Leicaflex SL''' with a TTL meter. At a time when SLR manufacturers were divided between those embracing TTL metering at full aperture (such as [Nikon] and [Konica], and those with mounts which permitted only stop-down metering (such as [Pentax] and [Canon]), Leitz chose to implement full aperture metering on the Leicaflex SL.
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In 1972, for the Olympic Games in Munich, an edition of 1,000 was made in chrome with special markings (the five rings, the year 72 and a three digit number).<REF> 1,000 examples: [http://www.kbcamera.com/leicaflexsl.htm this page at KB Camera]. </REF>
  
While this choice was fortuitious from a usability standpoint, an unfortunate result was that Leitz had to make a slight modification to the lens mount, by adding a new cam to communicate aperture information from the lens to the body. The lenses for the original Leicaflex are therefore referred to as "one-cam" lenses, while those for the SL and the later SL2 are referred to as "two-cam" lenses. Later Leitz would have to introduce a third cam to permit automation with the [[Leica R3]], giving rise to "three-cam" lenses. All the lenses are mechanically similar and can mount on older or newer bodies, with a few exceptions.  However, the older lenses cannot use the full potential of the exposure metering systems and automation offered by the later bodies. To this day, Leica and its service agents offer a service to add the second and third cams to older lenses to permit compatibility with more recent reflex models.
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Some Leicaflex SL for the US Navy were engraved ''NAVY'' on the bottom plate.<REF> See for example the pictures in [http://avbuzz.com/bbs/photo/photo-thread-42458-0-desc.html this Chinese forum]. </REF> They are reported at least in black enamel and black chrome.
  
Another important change introduced with the Leicaflex SL is the viewfinder, with a ground-glass focusing screen and a center microprism spot. This more usual configuration does not prevent it from being very bright and comfortable for its time, and even by today's standards.
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The occasionally encountered dummy Leicaflex SL with dummy 50mm f/2 Summicron standard lens was a display object and demonstration model for retailers, and is called Attrappe in German. It does not have a serial number.
  
The Leicaflex SL does not allow the mirror to be locked up, and so the 21mm f/3.4 Schneider Super-Angulon designed to work with the mirror up and an external viewer on the original Leicaflex cannot be mounted on the SL or its followers. This is not too worrying because it was replaced by the retrofocus type 21mm f/4 Schneider Super-Angulon, which operates normally. <!-- Hmm! I bet it was worrying for the people who'd paid loads of money for the earlier lens and then wanted to use it with later bodies. -->
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{{br}}
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== Leicaflex SL Mot ==
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolf-t/5946446990/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6131/5946446990_6240175084_m.jpg
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|image_align= left
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|image_text=
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|image_by= wolf4max
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|image_rights= wp
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}}
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The '''Leicaflex SL Mot''' is a variant of the Leicaflex SL that can take a motor drive, and lacked the self-timer and the meter switch in the advance lever. The SL Mot was mostly produced in black enamel and later black chrome, but chrome examples do exist.<REF> See the picture of a chrome Leicaflex SL Mot in [http://www.photo.net/equipment/leica/leicaflex/ this page by Doug Herr]. </REF> The motor drive was as large as the camera body itself, marked ''LEICAFLEX MOTOR,'' and was probably only made in black. 980 serial numbers were allotted to the Leicaflex SL Mot.<REF> [http://www.cameraquest.com/rtype.htm List of serial numbers at Cameraquest]. </REF> It seems that some were used by NASA and have ''NASA'' engravings.<REF> See [http://www2.mapcamera.com/museum/t_data.php?m_id=leb0160&cate=B this page at Map Camera Museum]. </REF>
  
The Leicaflex SL was offered in chrome as well as black finish. The black finish was first black enamel, then a more durable black chrome. 70,995 serial numbers were allotted to the Leicaflex SL.
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{{br}}
  
In 1972, for the Olympic Games in Munich, an edition of 1,000 was made in chrome with special markings (the five rings, the year 72 and a three digit number).
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== Leicaflex SL2 ==
 
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{{Flickr image
Some Leicaflex SL for the US Navy were engraved ''NAVY'' on the bottom plate (see for example [http://avbuzz.com/bbs/photo/photo-thread-42458-0-desc.html here]). They are reported at least in black enamel and black chrome.
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| image_source=http://www.flickr.com/photos/7392884@N04/5234476321/in/pool-camerawiki
 
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| image=http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5043/5234476321_4c5f695728_m.jpg
On occasions, you can find a dummy Leicaflex SL with a dummy 50mm f/2 ''Summicron'' standard lens. This was a display object and demonstration model for retailers, and is called ''Attrappe'' in German. They did not have a serial number.
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| image_align=right
 
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| image_text=
== The Leicaflex SL Mot ==
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|image_by=Matt Phillips
 
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|image_rights=wp
The '''Leicaflex SL Mot''' was a variant of the Leicaflex SL that could take a motor drive, and lacked the meter switch in the advance lever. The SL Mot was mostly produced in black enamel and later black chrome. A chrome Leicaflex SL Mot is shown [http://www.photo.net/equipment/leica/leicaflex/ here]. The motor drive was marked ''Leicaflex Motor,'' and was probably only made in black. 980 serial numbers were allotted to the Leicaflex SL Mot.
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}}
 
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[[Leica|Leitz]] modified the Leicaflex SL in 1974 to create the '''Leicaflex SL2'''. The modifications were relatively minor:
== The Leicaflex SL2 ==
 
 
 
[[Leica|Leitz]] modified the Leicaflex SL in 1974 and it became the '''Leicaflex SL2'''. The modifications are minor:
 
 
* addition of an aperture read-out in the finder
 
* addition of an aperture read-out in the finder
* viewfinder illumination
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* viewfinder illumination, with an additional battery compartment at the front of the camera
 
* hot shoe
 
* hot shoe
 
* more sensitive exposure meter
 
* more sensitive exposure meter
Line 43: Line 101:
 
* minor cosmetic details, like the position of the battery tester
 
* minor cosmetic details, like the position of the battery tester
  
The Leicaflex SL2 was produced in chrome and in black chrome finish. 24,555 serial numbers were allotted for the SL2, but among them were some SL2 Mot. Some SL2 received special ''Leica 50 Jahre'' markings in 1975, for the 50th anniversary of the first Leica.
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The Leicaflex SL2 was produced in chrome and in black chrome finish. 24,555 serial numbers were allotted for the SL2, but among them were some SL2 Mot.<REF> [http://www.cameraquest.com/rtype.htm List of serial numbers at Cameraquest]. </REF> Some SL2s received special ''Leica 50 Jahre'' markings in 1975, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the introduction of the first Leica.
  
The Leicaflex SL2 would remain the last all-mechanical Leica reflex body for years, before the advent of the R6. This and its relative rarity compared to the SL have driven the prices quite high. In terms of usability and price, the Leicaflex SL in good condition is likely to be the best compromise among this series of cameras for today's user.
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Production of the SL2 ended in 1976, when it was replaced by the [[Leica R3]], a product of the cooperation agreement between [[Leica|Leitz]] and [[Minolta]].  The R3 offered an electronic shutter and exposure automation in a camera body which shared little with the Leicaflex models, apart from its lens mount.  The SL2 was ultimately a victim of economic reality.  Although the official price of the SL2 camera body was about twice that of the contemporary [[Nikon F2]] Photomic (approximately $1600 vs. $830 in 1975), [[Leica|Leitz]] nevertheless lost money on each camera produced, due largely to the cost of producing the high-specification shutter. Such losses were unsustainable given the financial crisis facing Leitz in the mid-1970s.
  
== The Leicaflex SL2 Mot ==
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The Leicaflex SL2 was the last all-mechanical Leica reflex body for several years, before the advent of the [[Leica R4–R7|R6]].  It was also the last Leica SLR to show no Minolta influence until the [[Leica R8–R9|Leica R8]] of 1996.  This and its relative rarity compared to the SL have driven the prices quite high.<ref>[http://collectiblend.com/Cameras/Leitz/Leicaflex-SL2.html Leicaflex SL2 completed auction prices], CollectiBlend.</ref> In terms of usability and price, the Leicaflex SL in good condition is likely to be the best compromise among this series of cameras for today's user.
  
As for the SL, a version of the SL2 called '''Leicaflex SL2 Mot''' was made, only in black, with the provision to accept a motor drive, common with the SL Mot. 1,020 serial numbers were allotted to the SL2 Mot, plus some that were made in batches allotted to the SL2.
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== Leicaflex SL2 Mot ==
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{{Flickr_image
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|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolf-t/5891616608/in/pool-camerawiki
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|image= http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5066/5891616608_1acb2b13fc_m.jpg
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|image_align= left
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|image_text=
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|image_by= wolf4max
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|image_rights= nc
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}}
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As with the SL, a motorized version of the SL2 called '''Leicaflex SL2 Mot''' was made, only in black, with the provision to accept a motor drive, common with the SL Mot. 1,020 serial numbers were allotted to the SL2 Mot, plus some that were made in batches allotted to the SL2.<REF> [http://www.cameraquest.com/rtype.htm List of serial numbers at Cameraquest]. </REF>
  
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== Leicaflex Lens Modifications ==
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While the addition of full-aperture TTL metering on the Leicaflex SL was appealing, an unfortunate result was that Leitz had to make a slight modification to the lens mount, by adding a new cam to communicate aperture information from the lens to the body. The lenses for the original Leicaflex are therefore referred to as "one-cam" lenses, while those for the SL and the later SL2 are referred to as "two-cam" lenses.  Leitz subsequently added a third cam to permit automation with the [[Leica R3]] and later cameras, giving rise to "three-cam" lenses. All the lenses are mechanically similar and can mount on older or newer bodies, with a few exceptions, although the older lenses cannot use the full potential of the exposure metering systems and automation offered by the later bodies. To this day, however, Leica and its service agents offer a service to add the second and third cams to older lenses to permit compatibility with more recent reflex models.
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 +
{{br}}
 
== Accessories ==
 
== Accessories ==
 
* Motor drive for the Leicaflex SL Mot and SL2 Mot, named '''Leicaflex Motor'''
 
* Motor drive for the Leicaflex SL Mot and SL2 Mot, named '''Leicaflex Motor'''
  
* Eveready case 14557
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* Everready case 14557
* Eveready bags
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* Camera bags
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== Notes ==
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<references />
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
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In French:
 
In French:
 
* [http://www.summilux.net/r_system/Leicaflex.html Original Leicaflex], [http://www.summilux.net/r_system/LeicaflexSL.html Leicaflex SL] and [http://www.summilux.net/r_system/LeicaflexSL2.html Leicaflex SL2] at [http://www.summilux.net/ summilux.net]
 
* [http://www.summilux.net/r_system/Leicaflex.html Original Leicaflex], [http://www.summilux.net/r_system/LeicaflexSL.html Leicaflex SL] and [http://www.summilux.net/r_system/LeicaflexSL2.html Leicaflex SL2] at [http://www.summilux.net/ summilux.net]
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*[http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=11446 Leicaflex SL], [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/x/html/page_standard.php?id_appareil=10057 Leicaflex SL2] on [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/francais.php www.collection-appareils.fr] by Sylvain Halgand
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In Spanish:
 
In Spanish:
 
* [http://www.hugorodriguez.com/articulos/leicaflexsl.htm Leicaflex SL] in the [http://www.hugorodriguez.com/ website of Hugo Rodriguez]
 
* [http://www.hugorodriguez.com/articulos/leicaflexsl.htm Leicaflex SL] in the [http://www.hugorodriguez.com/ website of Hugo Rodriguez]
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* [http://www.geocities.jp/dental2l/memo/memo.html Japanese page] with pictures of the Leicaflex 18&times;24 prototype
 
* [http://www.geocities.jp/dental2l/memo/memo.html Japanese page] with pictures of the Leicaflex 18&times;24 prototype
 
* [http://asahide.zdap.jp/hcla01/hhara18.htm Leicaflex SL] at [http://asahide.zdap.jp/ Nagoya's Camera Club]
 
* [http://asahide.zdap.jp/hcla01/hhara18.htm Leicaflex SL] at [http://asahide.zdap.jp/ Nagoya's Camera Club]
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* [http://www2.mapcamera.com/museum/t_data.php?m_id=leb0160&cate=B Leicaflex SL Mot NASA] at [http://www2.mapcamera.com/museum/museum_top.php Map Camera Museum]
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In Chinese:
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* [http://avbuzz.com/bbs/photo/photo-thread-42458-0-desc.html Chinese forum thread] with pictures of a Navy Leicaflex SL
  
 
=== User manuals ===
 
=== User manuals ===
 
* [http://yandr.50megs.com/leica/sl/sl.htm Leicaflex SL manual] at [http://yandr.50megs.com/ Camera Instruction Manuals Online]
 
* [http://yandr.50megs.com/leica/sl/sl.htm Leicaflex SL manual] at [http://yandr.50megs.com/ Camera Instruction Manuals Online]
 
* A manual for the Leicaflex SL2 is downloadable (.pdf format) in the [http://www.overgaard.dk/leica/leica_leicaflex_SL.html Leicaflex SL page] at [http://www.overgaard.dk/ www.overgaard.dk]
 
* A manual for the Leicaflex SL2 is downloadable (.pdf format) in the [http://www.overgaard.dk/leica/leica_leicaflex_SL.html Leicaflex SL page] at [http://www.overgaard.dk/ www.overgaard.dk]
 +
* Manuals for most Leica Reflex cameras can be downloaded, without charge at [http://www.main.furnfeather.net/ www.main.furnfeather.net]
  
 
=== Other ===
 
=== Other ===
 
* US patent by Leitz: "[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3083627&F=0 Monocular reflex camera]", a patent for an SLR design filed 26 December 1961
 
* US patent by Leitz: "[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3083627&F=0 Monocular reflex camera]", a patent for an SLR design filed 26 December 1961
  
[[Category: 35mm SLR]]
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[[Category: Germany]]
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[[Category:Leica R mount]]  
[[Category: Leica]]
 
 
[[Category: L]]
 
[[Category: L]]

Revision as of 14:24, 14 February 2015

Leicaflex

Maker: Leica

Dates: 1964-1976

Variants: Leicaflex, Leicaflex SL, Leicaflex SL2

Camera Type: 35mm SLR

Focusing: manual


Lens mount: Leica R bayonet

Shutter: Mechanical horizontal cloth focal plane
from 1/2000 to 1s

Exposure meter: Coupled CdS (selective TTL SL/SL2)

Exposure modes: Manual

ASA/ISO range: 8-6,500

Finder screen: None (Leicaflex) Ground Glass (SL/SL2)

Flash shoe: Fixed (Leicaflex/SL) Hotshoe (SL2)

Flash speed: 1/100

TTL Flash: No

Motor drive: No (SL/SL2 MOT yes)

Battery: 1×PX mercury oxide

Weight:

Number produced:

Leicaflex was the name given to the first series of 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras manufactured by Leitz. The various Leicaflex models were mechanical cameras marketed between 1964 and 1976, in response to a rapid increase in popularity and usability of SLRs. They were extremely durable, and superbly finished, but their appeal was limited by their failure to keep pace with SLR design, their somewhat limited selection of accessories, and their extremely high price compared with their Japanese competitors. They were ultimately replaced by the R series Leicas developed by Leitz with the assistance of Minolta under a cooperation agreement between the two companies.

Leicaflex

Leitz was a reluctant entrant into the SLR market. At the beginning of the 1960s, the only still cameras manufactured by Leitz were 35mm rangefinders, a camera design that its Japanese competitors, most notably Nippon Kōgaku (Nikon), were beginning to abandon in favor of SLR designs. The company's management continued to believe in the inherent advantages of the rangefinder design over the SLR, but in view of the steady shift in market share from rangefinders to SLRs such as the Nikon F, the Asahi Pentax and the SR-series Minolta in the early 1960s, and the increasing prominence of high-quality SLR cameras among professional photographers, it had little choice but to offer an SLR of its own. To compete in this market, in 1964 Leitz introduced a superbly finished, extremely solid and expensive SLR, called Leicaflex. Nowadays, this first Leicaflex model is generally referred to as the Original Leicaflex or Leicaflex Standard to distinguish it from the models that followed.

The Leicaflex lacked some features present in the most advanced cameras of its time. It was criticized for omitting a through the lens (TTL) exposure meter as had previously been incorporated into the Topcon RE Super and the Asahi Pentax Spotmatic and which would soon appear in the Nikon F Photomic T, Canon Pellix and a number of other reflex cameras. It also lacked interchangeable viewfinders offered for the Miranda, Canonflex, and Nikon F. Finally, the original Leicaflex has a finder which, while offering a very bright aerial image, was not full focusing, offering only a small focusing zone at the center. The Leicaflex did offer mirror lock-up, and shutter speeds up to 1/2000 visible in the finder with the unusual feature of continuously variable speed selection.

The camera introduced a new three lug bayonet mount, which remained substantially unchanged, although developed in order to accommodate increased levels of automation. The Leicaflex / Leica R lenses are superb optics; however, Leica has always offered a more limited range of reflex lenses than its Japanese rivals. At the time of the introduction of the Leicaflex the range was limited to 35mm, 50mm, 90mm and 135mm focal lengths of moderate speed.

The original Leicaflex is readily identifiable by its CdS meter window and battery cover on the front of the prism housing just above the lens. It was offered in chrome and black enamel finishes, the latter being rare. Diehard collectors distinguish between the first series with a fan-shaped exposure counter window and a tripod socket attached by three screws, and the second series with a round exposure counter window, a tripod socket integrated in the bottom plate and a meter switch built in the advance lever. In use, the two series are virtually identical. 32,500 serial numbers were allotted to the original Leicaflex.[1]

Leicaflex SL

In 1968, Leitz responded to the critics of the non-TTL meter of the original Leicaflex by introducing its successor the Leicaflex SL with a TTL meter. "SL" stood for "Selective Light", the name chosen by Leitz for its implementation of TTL metering. This system metered a limited area represented by the viewfinder's central microprism spot. At a time when SLR systems were divided between those embracing TTL metering at full aperture (such as Nikon and Konica, and those with mounts which permitted only stop-down metering (such as Pentax and Canon), Leitz chose to implement full-aperture metering on the Leicaflex SL.

Leitz also addressed complaints about the original Leicaflex focusing screen in the SL focusing screen, which offered a ground-glass focusing screen with a central microprism spot. This more conventional configuration did not prevent it from being very bright and comfortable. In fact, the brightness of the SL viewfinder remains unsurpassed up to the present day.

The Leicaflex SL replaced the mirror lock-up function of the original Leicaflex with a depth of field preview. The principal effect was to obsolete the rangefinder-derived 21mm f/3.4 Schneider Super-Angulon lens which, due to the protrusion of the rear element into the camera body, was designed to work with the mirror locked up and in conjunction with an external viewfinder. This lens cannot be mounted on the SL or its followers without mirror lockup. The original Leicaflex Super-Angulon was replaced by the retrofocus type 21mm f/4 Super-Angulon, which can be used conventionally.

The Leicaflex SL is identifiable by the letters "SL" on the front of the prism housing, which replaced the meter window and battery cover of the original Leicaflex. It was offered in chrome as well as black finish. Black SLs initially bore a black enamel finish, which was subsequently replaced by a more durable "black chrome" finish. 70,995 serial numbers were allotted to the Leicaflex SL.[2]

In 1972, for the Olympic Games in Munich, an edition of 1,000 was made in chrome with special markings (the five rings, the year 72 and a three digit number).[3]

Some Leicaflex SL for the US Navy were engraved NAVY on the bottom plate.[4] They are reported at least in black enamel and black chrome.

The occasionally encountered dummy Leicaflex SL with dummy 50mm f/2 Summicron standard lens was a display object and demonstration model for retailers, and is called Attrappe in German. It does not have a serial number.


Leicaflex SL Mot

The Leicaflex SL Mot is a variant of the Leicaflex SL that can take a motor drive, and lacked the self-timer and the meter switch in the advance lever. The SL Mot was mostly produced in black enamel and later black chrome, but chrome examples do exist.[5] The motor drive was as large as the camera body itself, marked LEICAFLEX MOTOR, and was probably only made in black. 980 serial numbers were allotted to the Leicaflex SL Mot.[6] It seems that some were used by NASA and have NASA engravings.[7]


Leicaflex SL2

Leitz modified the Leicaflex SL in 1974 to create the Leicaflex SL2. The modifications were relatively minor:

  • addition of an aperture read-out in the finder
  • viewfinder illumination, with an additional battery compartment at the front of the camera
  • hot shoe
  • more sensitive exposure meter
  • modified mirror mechanism, to accept new wide-angle lenses that cannot be mounted on the previous bodies (16mm f/2.8 Fisheye Elmarit-R, 19mm f/2.8 Elmarit-R and 24mm f/2.8 Elmarit-R)
  • minor cosmetic details, like the position of the battery tester

The Leicaflex SL2 was produced in chrome and in black chrome finish. 24,555 serial numbers were allotted for the SL2, but among them were some SL2 Mot.[8] Some SL2s received special Leica 50 Jahre markings in 1975, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the introduction of the first Leica.

Production of the SL2 ended in 1976, when it was replaced by the Leica R3, a product of the cooperation agreement between Leitz and Minolta. The R3 offered an electronic shutter and exposure automation in a camera body which shared little with the Leicaflex models, apart from its lens mount. The SL2 was ultimately a victim of economic reality. Although the official price of the SL2 camera body was about twice that of the contemporary Nikon F2 Photomic (approximately $1600 vs. $830 in 1975), Leitz nevertheless lost money on each camera produced, due largely to the cost of producing the high-specification shutter. Such losses were unsustainable given the financial crisis facing Leitz in the mid-1970s.

The Leicaflex SL2 was the last all-mechanical Leica reflex body for several years, before the advent of the R6. It was also the last Leica SLR to show no Minolta influence until the Leica R8 of 1996. This and its relative rarity compared to the SL have driven the prices quite high.[9] In terms of usability and price, the Leicaflex SL in good condition is likely to be the best compromise among this series of cameras for today's user.

Leicaflex SL2 Mot

As with the SL, a motorized version of the SL2 called Leicaflex SL2 Mot was made, only in black, with the provision to accept a motor drive, common with the SL Mot. 1,020 serial numbers were allotted to the SL2 Mot, plus some that were made in batches allotted to the SL2.[10]

Leicaflex Lens Modifications

While the addition of full-aperture TTL metering on the Leicaflex SL was appealing, an unfortunate result was that Leitz had to make a slight modification to the lens mount, by adding a new cam to communicate aperture information from the lens to the body. The lenses for the original Leicaflex are therefore referred to as "one-cam" lenses, while those for the SL and the later SL2 are referred to as "two-cam" lenses. Leitz subsequently added a third cam to permit automation with the Leica R3 and later cameras, giving rise to "three-cam" lenses. All the lenses are mechanically similar and can mount on older or newer bodies, with a few exceptions, although the older lenses cannot use the full potential of the exposure metering systems and automation offered by the later bodies. To this day, however, Leica and its service agents offer a service to add the second and third cams to older lenses to permit compatibility with more recent reflex models.


Accessories

  • Motor drive for the Leicaflex SL Mot and SL2 Mot, named Leicaflex Motor
  • Everready case 14557
  • Camera bags

Notes

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