Kokka
The Kokka (コッカ) are Japanese 6.5×9cm plate folders, advertised by First Camera Works around 1935. It was certainly distributed by Minagawa Shōten, the owner of the "First" brand, and made by Kuribayashi.[1] The name Kokka is written in katakana script in the original documents seen so far. Various Japanese words are pronounced kokka; the camera name certainly originates from one of these: 国花 or 国華, literally meaning "national flower" and designating the chrysanthemum, 国歌, meaning "national anthem", or 国家, meaning "state" or "nation".
Contents
Description of the body
The Kokka have a pressed steel body and rounded folding struts. They have a distance scale on the photographer's left, a brilliant finder offset to the left of the front standard, and a wireframe finder with a rectangular eyepiece on the rear. The leather handle and folding bed release are above the rear body.
Two models exist: the simpler one has single extension bellows and is focused by moving the front standard back and forth by hand; it seems that it has no movement ability. The other model has double extension bellows driven by a worm screw on the photographer's right; it sometimes has vertical movements driven by a knob atop the right-hand branch of the U-shaped front standard.
The original ground glass holder has the word KOKKA embossed in the metal frame, surrounded by a pair of stylized wings.[2]
Commercial life
Some sources say that the Kokka was introduced in 1930, was substituted by the "New Kokka" in 1932 and adopted Japanese lenses and shutters in 1934, but no original document has been found to confirm this.[3]
The Kokka was advertised in Asahi Camera in 1935.[4] One advertisement from mid-1935 shows the following range:[5]
- single extension:
- double extension:
The Toko and State lenses were made by Tōkyō Kōgaku, the Trinar was supplied by Rodenstock and the Tenar was made by an unknown company.
Xenar f/4.5 lenses, Vario and Pronto shutters were also reportedly offered.[6]
Three versions of the Kokka are mentioned in the official list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941: the plain "Kokka" (コッカ, ¥43), the "S Kokka I" (S型コッカⅠ, ¥52) and the "S Kokka II" (S型コッカⅡ, ¥76), with no further details.[7]
Surviving examples
Surviving examples are known in following combinations:
- State-Anastigmat 10.5cm f/4.5 lens, Magna shutter, double extension, vertical movements;[8]
- Toko 10.5cm f/6.3 lens, Magna shutter, double extension, vertical movements;[9]
- Trinar Anastigmat Dresden 10.5cm f/6.3 lens, Magna shutter, double extension, no movements;[10]
- First-Anastigmat Tokyo 105/4.5 lens, Magna shutter, single extension, no movements;[11]
- Toko-Anastigmat 105/6.3 lens, Magna shutter, single extension, no movements;[12]
Notes
- ↑ Made by Kuribayashi: Baird, pp.15–6 and 54–6 of Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras; McKeown, p.575. No original document has been found to confirm this.
- ↑ See the picture in Baird, p.55 of Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras.
- ↑ Baird, pp.16, 54 and 56 of Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras; McKeown, p.575.
- ↑ Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.336.
- ↑ Advertisement published in Asahi Camera, reproduced in Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.72, where it is dated July 1935, and in Baird, p.17 of Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras, where it is dated May 1935. The advertisement is exactly the same and has the same page number (A67). Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.339, reports no advertisement dated May 1935 for the Kokka, and the date of July 1935 is the most probable.
- ↑ Baird, p.56 of Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras.
- ↑ "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku", type 8, sections 1, 2 and 3.
- ↑ Example pictured in Sugiyama, item 1077, in Baird, pp.54–5 of Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras, and in McKeown, p.575 (lens no.14327); example pictured in Baird, p.69 of The Japanese Camera (lens no.14339).
- ↑ Example pictured in this page of the Topcon Club website.
- ↑ Example offered for sale by a Japanese dealer, lens name reported only (four-digit lens number, perhaps 1056).
- ↑ Example offered for sale by a Japanese dealer (lens no.104x2).
- ↑ Example offered for sale by a dealer.
Bibliography
- Asahi Camera (アサヒカメラ) editorial staff. Shōwa 10–40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10–40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935–1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Items 106–7.
- Baird, John R. Collectors guide to Kuribayashi-Petri Cameras. Grantsburg, WI (USA): Centennial Photo Service, 1991. ISBN 0-931838-16-9. Pp.15–6 and 54–6.
- Baird, John R. The Japanese Camera. Yakima, WA: Historical Camera Publications, 1990. ISBN 1-879561-02-6. P.69 (picture only).
- "Kokusan shashinki no kōtei kakaku" (国産写真機の公定価格, Set prices of the Japanese cameras), listing Japanese camera production as of October 25, 1940 and setting the retail prices from December 10, 1940. Published in Asahi Camera January 1941 and reproduced in Shōwa 10—40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10〜40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935—1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7. Pp.108—9. Type 8, sections 1, 2 and 3.
- McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). P.575.
- Sugiyama, Kōichi (杉山浩一); Naoi, Hiroaki (直井浩明); Bullock, John R. The Collector's Guide to Japanese Cameras. 国産カメラ図鑑 (Kokusan kamera zukan). Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1985. ISBN 4-257-03187-5. Item 1077.
Links
In Japanese:
- Kokka among other cameras in the Topcon Club website
Kuribayashi prewar and wartime cameras ( ) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
rollfilm folders | ||||
Eagle | Speed Pocket | First Roll | First Center | Semi First | First Six | Baby Semi First | Semi Rotte | Hokoku | Mizuho | ||||
plate folders | rigid | SLR | TLR | unknown |
Mikuni | First | First Etui | Kokka | Romax | Tokiwa | Molby | Speed Reflex | First Reflex | Baby First |