View source for KMZ

The predecessor of '''Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod''' (Красногорский механический завод) – Krasnogorsk Mechanical Works or '''KMZ''' – was founded as Krasnogorsk Optical Works in 1942 in Sverdlovsk in the Urals in anticipation of a German invasion of the Soviet Union.<ref name="hpr345">{{Template:HPR}} P.345.</ref> It produced optical equipment for the Soviet army, but as of 1994 very few surviving items were known.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1944 the factory moved to Krasnogorsk, a western suburb of Moscow.<ref name="hpr345" />
{|class=floatright
|
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/50678983@N00/162272498/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= http://static.flickr.com/76/162272498_0ec4200098_m.jpg
|image_align= center
|image_text= KMZ logo
|image_by= Dries van den Elzen
|image_rights= with permission
}}
|-
|
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/89853469@N00/51296221126/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51296221126_89d84b7bed_t.jpg
|image_align= center
|image_text= KMZ logo
|image_by= Pablo Coronel
|image_rights= with permission
}}
|}

__TOC__

In 1945 KMZ began manufacturing photographic lenses based on specifications obtained from the [[Carl Zeiss]] factory in Jena when it was captured by the Red Army.<!-- source? --> In 1946 the factory began making cameras, starting with the [[Moskva]] folding camera.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1948 it began assembling [[FED]] cameras<ref name="hpr345" /> to offset slow production from the FED factory. A little later it produced cameras termed "FED&ndash;Zorki" by later collectors: cameras engraved both with the name FED and with the KMZ emblem.<ref name="hpr345" /> By 1949 it made some design changes, and thus production of the [[Zorki]] began.<ref name="hpr345" /> In 1952, KMZ created an [[SLR]] based on the Zorki, and thus the [[Zenit]] was born.<ref name="hpr346">{{Template:HPR}} P.346.</ref>

During the following decades KMZ focused on the mass production of existing designs while also expanding into military optoelectronics and other military production. In 1993 it was privatized and became the Krasnogorsky Zavod, SA Zverev (Krasnogorsky Plant, JSC stock company). In 2005 KMZ closed its camera division but continued production of the Horizon panoramic cameras, which were based on military artillery optics. A digital model, the [[Horizon D-L3]], developed jointly with [[Silvestri]], was shown at Photokina in 2010, but does not appear to have been sold. <!--(recently when, and what cameras?) Recently KMZ has restarted selling Zenit cameras.--> Since 2008, the KMZ plant (as much of the former-Soviet optical industry) is part of the '''Shvabe''' holding company, itself owned by Rostec, a state-owned multi-industry corporation. Krasnagorsk's recent activities include development of electro-optical devices for military, aviation, space and remote sensing applications, and analytical devices.<ref name=KMZShvabe>[http://www.shvabe.com/en/about/history_more/ About the company], in the KMZ pages at [http://www.shvabe.com/en/ Shvabe].</ref> The plant's website includes camera manufacture in its stated activities, but with no details, and it is not clear that cameras are currently made there. The site ''does'' state that production of lenses recommenced in 2012 (the MC Mir-20M 20mm f/3.5, Helios 40-2 85mm f/1.5 and MC APO Telezenitar 135mm f/2.8 are specifically mentioned).<ref name=KMZShvabe/>  During this time the logo has changed from a trapeza, to a trapeze with a reflecting ray of light and an open arrow, then a closed arrow, and finally a thick ray of light.

== 35mm cameras ==
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/squonk/409930860/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= http://farm1.static.flickr.com/149/409930860_8355f62261_t.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= Zenit 3M
|image_by= Marc Vanstraelen
|image_rights= nc
}}
=== SLR ===
* [[Kristall (KMZ)|Kristall]]
* [[Start (SLR)|Start]]
* [[Zenit]]
{{brr}}{{Flickr_image
|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/anteriorechiuso/33294234904/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2830/33294234904_c2ba11b6e3_m_d.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= 
|image_by= Diego Santi
|image_rights= (c)
}}
==== reconnaissance camera ====
*[[Zenit Photosniper]]
{{brr}}
=== Rangefinder ===
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/bottledog/4833370303/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4147/4833370303_c5c8db3c85_t.jpg
|image_align= right 
|image_text= Zorki 2C
|image_by= bottledog
|image_rights= with permission
}}
* [[Drug|Droug]]
* Kadr
* Kometa
* Rodina
* [[Zorki]]
=== Compact ===
* 510, 520, 610, 620

=== Panoramic ===
* [[FT-2]]
* [[Horizont]]
* Horizon 202
* Horizon 205 pc
* Horizon S3pro
* Panofot

=== Stereo ===
* Astra

== 120 film cameras ==
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/50678983@N00/162263466/in/pool-camerawiki/
|image= http://farm1.static.flickr.com/47/162263466_4360ee1e40_t.jpg 
|image_align= right
|image_text= Moskva 5
|image_by= Dries van den Elzen
|image_rights= with permission
}}
=== Folding ===
* the [[Moskva]] series
* the [[Iskra]] series

=== SLR ===
* Saljut<ref name="hpr345" />

===Panoramic===
*[[Horizont-205PC]]

=== Screw-out Lens ===
* Yunkor (Юнкор)

== Subminiature ==
* [[Narciss]]

== Instant ==
* [[Foton (Instant)|Foton]]

== Lenses ==
KMZ manufactured lenses under a bewildering variety of model names. Because of the way Soviet industry was organised, some of these lenses were also made by other factories at times.<ref>See [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/introduction/ Alfred Klomp's Camera Pages].</ref>

{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/brian395/5268893664/in/pool-camerawiki
|image=  http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5004/5268893664_050fe5ce9d_t.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= [[Helios]] 44M-4 58mm f2
|image_by= Brian Eager
|image_rights= with permission
}}
* Altair
* Amber
* Beam
* Carat
* Centaur
* Gelionar
* Granite
* [[Helios]]
* [[Industar]]<ref name="hpr346" />
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/siimvahur/3572011293/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3346/3572011293_494c6f31df_t.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= Jupiter 3 50mm f1.5
|image_by= Siim Vahur
|image_rights= with permission
}}
* [[Jupiter (lenses)|Jupiter]]<ref name="hpr346" />
* Lanthanum
* Leningrad
* Maisons
* Meteor
* Mercury
* Minitar
* Mir (e.g. [[Mir-1]])
* Orchid
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/34285441@N06/5103350683/in/pool-camerawiki
|image=  http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4125/5103350683_40dd895053_t.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= Tair 11-a 135mm f2.8
|image_by= Purple Puppy
|image_rights= creative commons
}}
* OF-28P (ОФ-28П) f2.8/28mm [[Horizon|Panorama]]
* Orion
* Pentar
* Rubin
* Roussarie
* Signal
* Sputnik
* Tahir
* [[Tair-3|Tair]]
* Telemar
* Teletair
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= http://www.flickr.com/photos/mr_wood/3085999261/in/pool-camerawiki
|image=  http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3054/3085999261_1e5ee8af63_t.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= Zenitar 16mm f2.8 fisheye
|image_by= mr. Wood
|image_rights= creative commons
}}
* Telezenitar
* Uran
* Uranium
* Variogoir
* Variozenitar
* Vega
* [[Zenitar_16mm_f/2.8_fisheye|Zenitar]]
* ZM
* Zodiac

==Accesories==
{{Flickr_image
|image_source= https://www.flickr.com/photos/89853469@N00/51194398145/in/pool-camerawiki
|image= https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51194398145_155b20103d_q.jpg
|image_align= right
|image_text= KMZ Universal  Viewfinder
|image_by= Pablo Coronel
|image_rights= with permission
}}
* Universal turret finder (28,35,50,85 and 135mm)
* Filters
* Lens hoods

{{br}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Princelle USSR}}

== Notes==
<references/>

== Links ==
* [http://www.zenit-foto.ru/ KMZ company website] (in Russian)
* [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/kmzintro/ Introduction to KMZ] at [http://cameras.alfredklomp.com/ Alfred's Camera Page]
* [http://www.collectiongeven.com/piwigo/index.php?/category/478 KMZ page] at [http://www.collectiongeven.com/piwigo/ Collection G. Even's site] (in French)
* [http://www.zenitcamera.com/index-eng.html KMZ R&amp;D Center]
* [http://www.collection-appareils.fr/general/html/listeK_imagettes.php#Krasno KMZ cameras and User manuals] at www.collection-appareils.fr (in French)
* [http://www.ussrphoto.com/Wiki/default.asp?WikiCatID=35&ParentID=4&ContentID=200&Item=KMZ USSRPhoto.com] KMZ wiki page at USSRPhoto.com

[[Category: Camera makers|Kmz]]
[[Category: Lens makers|Kmz]]
[[Category: KMZ|*]]
[[Category:USSR|Kmz]]
[[Category: Russia]]