Difference between revisions of "Helios-44"

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The ''Helios-44'' is one of the most mass produced Soviet SLR lenses, 58mm f/2
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The '''Helios-44''' is one of the most mass produced Soviet SLR lenses, a 58mm f/2 normal.
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It is essentially a Zeiss Biotar clone-- this was a fast normal for the [[Exakta]] mount. The Helios-44 was made for the [[Zenit]] [[m39]] mount and then for the [[m42]] mount among others. Early versions have 13-blade diaphragm and later ones have 8 or 6 blades.
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As a Biotar copy it is a modified Double Gauss design with two groups of three elements each, relatively symmetric, and well corrected for aberrations. This puts it in a family with a wide variety of common SLR normals.
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All were SLR lenses. Most versions were not automatic, so the aperture control was by preset, aka. dual ring: one ring with click stops and marks for the f/stops controls the position of the preset stop, while one free-moving ring actually controls the aperture, but stops when it gets to the preset stop. Thus, by twisting the latter ring until it stops, the lens can be conveniently closed down from wide open to a selected f/stop without taking one's eye away from the viewfinder, and vice versa. This continued to be Soviet camera industry practice except on the most basic lenses well after West German and Japanese makers went more or less exclusively to automatic apertures.
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The Helios-44's are generally noted as good lenses, the common allegation of poor quality control notwithstanding. [[Bokeh]] is the lens's most commonly-mentioned attribute, with a medium-fast max aperture of f/2 giving plenty of opportunity to blur the background. The bokeh, as on many early SLR lenses, is "swirly--" that is, the light disks formed by out-of-focus points of light distort away from the center of the image, and when there are many of them, they can form a sort of "vortex" or "swirl." Many photographers seek out this effect due to its evocative appearance.
  
 
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[[Category:Russian lenses]]
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[[Category:Soviet lenses]]

Latest revision as of 19:43, 18 April 2020

The Helios-44 is one of the most mass produced Soviet SLR lenses, a 58mm f/2 normal.

It is essentially a Zeiss Biotar clone-- this was a fast normal for the Exakta mount. The Helios-44 was made for the Zenit m39 mount and then for the m42 mount among others. Early versions have 13-blade diaphragm and later ones have 8 or 6 blades.

As a Biotar copy it is a modified Double Gauss design with two groups of three elements each, relatively symmetric, and well corrected for aberrations. This puts it in a family with a wide variety of common SLR normals.

All were SLR lenses. Most versions were not automatic, so the aperture control was by preset, aka. dual ring: one ring with click stops and marks for the f/stops controls the position of the preset stop, while one free-moving ring actually controls the aperture, but stops when it gets to the preset stop. Thus, by twisting the latter ring until it stops, the lens can be conveniently closed down from wide open to a selected f/stop without taking one's eye away from the viewfinder, and vice versa. This continued to be Soviet camera industry practice except on the most basic lenses well after West German and Japanese makers went more or less exclusively to automatic apertures.

The Helios-44's are generally noted as good lenses, the common allegation of poor quality control notwithstanding. Bokeh is the lens's most commonly-mentioned attribute, with a medium-fast max aperture of f/2 giving plenty of opportunity to blur the background. The bokeh, as on many early SLR lenses, is "swirly--" that is, the light disks formed by out-of-focus points of light distort away from the center of the image, and when there are many of them, they can form a sort of "vortex" or "swirl." Many photographers seek out this effect due to its evocative appearance.

Optical formula from OPAL database

 Cистема-Гелиос-44  f'=59  2w=40  1:2  Вариант-ST01FB06 21/ 8/2017  0:57 OPAL-PC 

                 КОНСТРУКТИВНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
  N      Радиусы       Осевые     Световые   Марки     Показатели преломления 
 пов.   кривизны       расст.      высоты   стекол
                                                 L=   .589300   .434050   .656280

                                             ВОЗДУХ
   1      38.070        4.810      14.750      ТК14  1.613002  1.625839  1.610006
   2     136.365        2.260      14.750    ВОЗДУХ
   3      25.330        9.070      13.200      ТК14  1.613002  1.625839  1.610006
   4    -124.225        1.310      11.600       ЛФ7  1.578297  1.596755  1.574256
   5      15.995        9.330       9.750    ВОЗДУХ
   6     -16.620        1.320       9.350       ЛФ7  1.578297  1.596755  1.574256
   7      66.085        6.250      10.200      ТК14  1.613002  1.625839  1.610006
   8     -22.210         .500      10.600    ВОЗДУХ
   9     191.540        4.940      12.350      БФ16  1.670899  1.689317  1.666790
  10     -52.725                   12.350    ВОЗДУХ

 ПРЕДМЕТ: Удал. размер Y = -20.00000гр.мнсек S0=    .000дптр от вх.зрачка 
 ИЗОБРАЖ: Близ. размер Y'=    .00000         плоск. SI=    .000мм   от пл.Гаусса
 ДИАФР. : ND=  5  плоскость    SD=   4.7000 мм   задняя апертура=    .2500(sin)

 Относительные величины предмета     : 1.000 .707
 Относительное виньетирование верхнее:  .250 .000
 Относительное виньетирование нижнее :  .250 .000